Han Chinese Research Articles

Visible body and invisible mind: Bureaucratic performance, self-rehabilitation, and the machinery of Chinese community corrections

Based on a recent ethnographic study of community corrections in two large Chinese cities, this study examines how the rehabilitation work, as the cornerstone of Chinese community corrections, is deployed as a people-processing apparatus that counts offenders’ bodies but almost excludes their agency. In practice, offenders are instrumentalized and disciplined to make up the Chinese community corrections machinery, whose subjectivity is either completely muted or selectively mediated. Given justice actors’ adherence to bureaucratic hierarchy and preoccupation with administrative requirements, offenders are mostly marked as counts and treated more as penal objects utilized to fulfill intricate metrics-related requirements. Justice agents’ formalistic pursuit of, rather than substantive investment in, the well-being of offenders renders their participation in Chinese community corrections symbolic and strenuous. It further breeds offenders’ commitment to self-rehabilitation, a process of relying on self-discipline and personally discovered resources for compliance and reintegration. We contend that the current operation of the Chinese community corrections apparatus, under the rehabilitative guise, exacerbates offenders’ structural disadvantages and reinforces their stigmatized identities. Policy and research implications of this study are discussed.

Validity of the Certificate of Inheritance Rights Made by a Notary

This scientific paper reviews the position of a Notary in helping to resolve inheritance cases through the preparation of an inheritance statement that reflects the official duties as a factual instrument used to protect the perfection of the inheritance and the use of materials that explain who the heirs are and how much each heir's share is. One of the factual instruments that reports a person as a recipient of inheritance is the Inheritance Deed. An inheritance deed is needed by the recipient of the inheritance in managing the transfer of rights to the inheritance to distribute the inheritance. Inheritance deeds for Indonesian citizens of Chinese (European) descent are made by a Notary, so that the form of the deed can be made in the form of a Partial Deed and an Ambteliijke Deed because both forms of the deed are together forms of authentic deeds that can be made by a Notary and the regulations binding on the making of the deed do not clearly explain the form of an authentic deed that is prioritized for making an Inheritance Deed. Both forms of the Deed also have full checking authority. The inheritance deed corrects the Notary's legal opinion based on the actual legal reality. Although there are no provisions regarding the presence of all recipients of the inheritance, a notary cannot harm the rights and benefits of recipients of the inheritance who do not appear in the deed making process.

Colonial Island Enclave and Discourses of Urban Modernization in Guangzhou, China

This article traces Guangzhou’s urban modernization in the late-Qing and early-Republican eras, with an emphasis on official and public discourses. Focus is placed on interactions between the colonial island enclave of Shamian, separated from the mainland by the Shaji Canal, and the Changdi waterfront that was built on the mainland as a Chinese reaction to the foreign island. Shamian and its Bund exhibited a Western urban modernity that prompted both admiration and anticolonial sentiment in the wider Chinese community. Guangzhou’s government reacted to developments on Shamian by constructing Changdi as a modern waterfront district on the north shore of the Pearl River, opposite Shamian. Discourses of urban modernization evolved and underwent cross-cultural exchange throughout. This article takes an island studies approach to analyze the spatial and discursive coproduction of the geographically restricted nearshore island as a colonial enclave and the vast Chinese mainland city striving for self-determination and urban modernization.

How Does the Chinese Government Use Social Media to Control and Direct the Collective Actions of Overseas Chinese Communities

Through the analysis of social media platforms, this study hopes to understand how the Chinese government exerts specific influence on the behavior of overseas Chinese through these media, and further explore how the country indirectly supports the practice of national strategic policy through the control of social media platforms. This study will mainly analyze the data of the three major mainstream media (wechat, Weibo and Facebook) to study and discuss how the Chinese government uses the platform of social media to achieve its national strategic goals. In addition, the study assesses the role of such controls in supporting China's soft power building and national strategies such as the Belt and Road Initiative, and explores their potential long-term impacts and risks. By comparing implementation effects in different regions, this study provides an in-depth understanding of how the Chinese government uses social media to exert influence overseas in the context of globalization.

Assessment the carrier frequency of monogenic diseases in populations requiring assisted reproductive technology

PurposeThe objective of this study is to assess the carrier frequency and pathogenic variation of monogenetic diseases in a population of 114 subjects in Han Chinese from Hebei province who are undergoing assisted reproductive technology through the utilization of Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS).MethodsThe study utilized a panel consisting of 155 severe monogenic recessive genetic diseases for ECS. Next-generation sequencing technology was employed to identify specific variants associated with ECS in a cohort of 114 subjects from 97 couples, comprising 97 females and 17 male spouses.ResultsA total of 114 individuals received ECS. The carrier rate of pathogenic genes in the enrolled population was 44.74% (51/114). Among the 97 females, the carrier rate of pathogenic genes was higher in those without assisted reproduction indicators than in those with assisted reproduction indicators (59.09% vs. 41.33%). However, the carrier rate of pathogenic genes in males without assisted reproductive technology was slightly lower than that with assisted reproductive technology (40% vs. 41.67%). Among both female and male participants, the carrier rate of pathogenic genes between individuals without indicators of assisted reproduction and those with such indicators was 55.55% vs. 41.38%. In 51 carriers, 72.55% (37/51) carried one genetic variant, 25.49% (13/51) carried two genetic variants, and 1.96% (1/51) carried three genetic variants. A total of 38 pathogenic genes were detected in this study, and GJB2 and MMACHC were most common. The carrier rates of the two genes were both 5.26% (6/114). A total of 55 variations were detected, and c.235delC was most frequently found. The carrier rate was 3.51% (4/114). The incidence of couples carrying the same pathogenic genes was 1.03% (1/97).ConclusionsThe findings elucidate the carrier rate of pathogenic genes among 155 severe monogenic recessive genetic diseases and underscore the significance of ECS as a preventive measure against congenital anomalies. When both partners carry the same genetic mutation for a monogenic disease, preventive strategies can be taken in offspring through preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), prenatal genetic testing, or the utilization of donor gametes. ECS is instrumental in assessing reproductive risk, guiding fertility-related decisions, and reducing the prevalence of monogenic recessive genetic disorders in subsequent generations.

Peran Organisasi Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia (Piti) dalam Perkembangan Muslim Tionghoa di Kota Medan Tahun 1998-2023

Chinese Islamic Unity Organization (PITI) is a social missionary organization that houses ethnic Chinese Muslims in the city of Medan which was founded in 1961. In its organizational development it experienced obstacles such as during the New Order era when it had to change the name of its organization. And in 1998, PITI Medan could be said to have "a name but no form", in the sense that the PITI Medan organization existed but in all its activities experienced stagnation. However, running an organization does not mean it does not meet obstacles. Currently, PITI Medan is experiencing a decline in organizational activity due to a lack of awareness among the management and members to advance the organization. Due to work and long distances as well as lack of funds, this has also become an obstacle to the development of the PITI Medan organization. Apart from that, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been no activities carried out by the PITI Medan organization until now. The PITI organization has a role as a forum for fostering religion and uniting Chinese Muslims with native Muslims, and native Muslims with ethnic Chinese which is one of the developments of Chinese Muslims in the city of Medan which is realized through activity programs, such as recitations, Muslimat taklim majlis, activities at the month of Ramadan, as well as activities to commemorate Islamic holidays. Keywords: ,

GABA Analogue HSK16149 in Chinese Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

Many patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) experience inadequate relief, despite best available medical treatments. There are no approved and effective therapies for patients with DPNP in China. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of capsules containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue HSK16149 in the treatment of Chinese patients with DPNP. This phase 2 to 3 adaptive randomized clinical trial was multicenter, double blind, and placebo and pregabalin controlled. The trial started on December 10, 2020, and concluded on July 8, 2022. In stage 1, various doses of HSK16149 were evaluated to determine safety and efficacy for stage 2. The second stage then validated the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose. In stage 1, enrolled patients (n = 363) were randomized 1:1:1:1:1:1 to 4 HSK16149 doses (40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/d), pregabalin (300 mg/d), or placebo. In stage 2, patients (n = 362) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive HSK16149, 40 or 80 mg/d, or placebo. The final efficacy and safety analysis pooled data from patients receiving the same treatment. The primary efficacy end point in stage 1 was the change from baseline in average daily pain score (ADPS) at week 5. The primary efficacy end point in stage 2 was the change from baseline in ADPS at week 13. When the final statistical analysis was performed, the P values calculated from the independent data of each phase were combined using the weighted inverse normal method to make statistical inferences. Of 725 randomized patients in the full-analysis set (393 men [54.2%]; mean [SD] age, 58.80 [9.53] years; 700 [96.6%] of Han Chinese ethnicity), 177 received placebo; 178, HSK16149, 40 mg/d; 179, HSK16149, 80 mg/d; 66, HSK16149, 120 mg/d; 63, HSK16149, 160 mg/d; and 62, pregabalin, 300 mg/d. A total of 644 patients (88.8%) completed the study. The 40- and 80-mg/d doses of HSK16149 were recommended in stage 2. At week 13, the ADPS mean (SD) change from baseline was -2.24 (1.55) for the 40-mg/d and -2.16 (1.79) for 80-mg/d groups and -1.23 (1.68) for the placebo group, showing statistical significance for both HSK16149 doses vs placebo (both P < .001). In a safety set (n = 726), 545 patients (75.1%) had adverse events, which were generally mild to moderate, with dizziness and somnolence being the most common. Forty- and eighty-mg/d doses of HSK16149 were recommended for treating patients with DPNP in China. The efficacy of HSK16149 capsules was superior to placebo in all groups for relieving DPNP and appeared well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04647773.

Queer media production as soft activism: Insights from a Chinese community project

The LGBT+ movements in China are increasingly in a precarious situation. Queer media spaces are being eroded as numerous digital media platforms run by LGBT+ rights-advocacy groups and individuals have been blocked over the past few years. Given this context, a liberal model of a gay rights movement, resembling those seen in the West, is unlikely to occur in China. Consequently, softer activism approaches are often employed by Chinese LGBT+ organizations. This article leverages ethnographic insights from one of China’s leading LGBT+ community media projects to offer a critical examination of queer media production and the broader LGBT+ movements within the country. Drawing on the Foucauldian concept of ‘resistance’ and the political significance of ‘voice’, the analysis presented herein underscores the intricate relationship between queer media production and its socio-political milieu. It showcases the adaptive strategies of ‘soft’ activism adopted by Chinese LGBT+ organizations, characterized by non-confrontational tactics and a steadfast commitment to amplifying diverse queer voices.

An Empowerment-Based Intervention for Chinese Immigrant Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Feasibility and Acceptability.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in vulnerable populations such as Chinese immigrant women. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an empowerment-based intervention integrated with relaxation and self-compassion techniques for Chinese immigrant women experiencing IPV. The present study was a part of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 50 Chinese immigrant women who had experienced IPV in the past year were recruited online and randomized to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group engaged in seven weekly sessions delivered with a phone call and a mobile application. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and interviews to evaluate intervention adherence, participants' perceptions, and areas for improvement. 64% of the participants completed each weekly session, demonstrating favorable intervention adherence. The intervention was perceived to be helpful by most participants, with reported decreases in stress, anxiety, fatigue, pain, and family conflicts, and with reported improvements in emotion regulation and self-compassion. However, technical issues with the mobile platform and lack of personalization were identified as limitations. This study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention for Chinese immigrant women experiencing IPV and warrants a full-scale RCT to determine its efficacy. It will be essential to personalize the intervention and reduce any barriers to participation.

Impact of Family Support on Job Performance among Chinese Expatriates: Insights from Separated Families

Impact of Family Support on Job Performance among Chinese Expatriates: Insights from Separated Families

Delayed Access to Medical Care and Psychological Distress among Chinese Immigrants in Canada during the Pandemic.

The psychological impact of medical care accessibility during the pandemic has been widely studied, but little attention has been given to Asian immigrants in Canada. This study aimed to fill this literature gap by using a cross-sectional survey, which aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese immigrants in North America during the second wave of the pandemic. The study focused on Chinese immigrants aged 16 or older in Canada. Covariates included sociodemographic variables, delayed access to medical care (i.e., treatment or health assessment), and other COVID-19 related variables. We used logistic LASSO regression for model selection and multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association between delayed access to treatment/health assessment and psychological distress outcome, as measured by the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Our study included 746 respondents, with 47.18% in the normal CPDI group and 36.82% in the mild-to-severe CPDI group. Most respondents were originally from Mainland China and residing in Ontario. Over half have stayed in Canada for at least 15 years. The multivariate logistic regression models identified significant risk predictors of psychological distress status: delayed access to medical care (OR = 1.362, 95% CI: 1.078-1.720, p = 0.0095), fear of COVID-19 (OR = 1.604, 95% CI: 1.293-1.989, p < 0.0001), and social loneliness (OR = 1.408, 95%CI: 1.314-1.508, p < 0.0001). Sociodemographic variables and other COVID-19-related variates did not significantly impact the study's outcome. Our findings shed light on the importance of timely medical care access to psychological well-being among Chinese Canadians. Reliable health information, mental health support, and virtual care tailored to immigrants should be considered to mitigate this impact and promote their overall health and well-being.

Risk factors for fasting blood glucose control in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes patients.

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the medication use, fasting blood glucose control, and associated risk factors among residents with type 2 diabetes at the grassroots level in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among residents aged 45 and above in battalions (communities) as the smallest unit. The medication use was recorded, and fasting blood glucose control was considered as the dependent variable. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors influencing fasting blood glucose control among different population characteristics. A total of 2316 participants were included in the study, of which 1072 were male (45.12%), 1418 were aged 65 and above (61.23%), 2031 were Han Chinese (87.69%), and 1551 were from the surrounding areas of Urumqi (66.97%). The main medications used among the top three classes were metformin, insulin, and α-glucosidase inhibitors. The treatment rate for type 2 diabetes was 71.80%, and the fasting blood glucose control rate was 27.98%. Multivariate analysis identified living outside the Urumqi surrounding area, age 65 and above, body mass index ≥ 24, abnormal blood lipids, and untreated hypertension as independent risk factors for poor fasting blood glucose control, while treatment was a protective factor for achieving blood glucose control. The treatment rate and fasting blood glucose control rate among grassroots residents with type 2 diabetes in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps need improvement. Efforts should be made to enhance patient medication adherence and health management awareness through education. Targeted interventions should be implemented for high-risk populations with identified risk factors to reduce or delay the occurrence of diabetes and its complications, ultimately aiming to reduce mortality rates and improve quality of life.

Germline RAD51C and RAD51D Mutations in High-Risk Chinese Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Patients and Families.

RAD51C and RAD51D are crucial in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. The prevalence of the RAD51C and RAD51D mutations in breast cancer varies across ethnic groups. Associations of RAD51C and RAD51D germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) with breast and ovarian cancer predisposition have been recently reported and are of interest. We performed multi-gene panel sequencing to study the prevalence of RAD51C and RAD51D germline mutations among 3728 patients with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC). We identified 18 pathogenic RAD51C and RAD51D mutation carriers, with a mutation frequency of 0.13% (5/3728) and 0.35% (13/3728), respectively. The most common recurrent mutation was RAD51D c.270_271dupTA; p.(Lys91Ilefs*13), with a mutation frequency of 0.30% (11/3728), which was also commonly identified in Asians. Only four out of six cases (66.7%) of this common mutation tested positive for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Taking the family studies in our registry and tumor molecular pathology together, we concluded that this relatively common RAD51D variant showed incomplete penetrance in our local Chinese community. Personalized genetic counseling emphasizing family history for families with this variant, as suggested at the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG) Consensus meeting, would also be appropriate in Chinese families.

Integration of Gentry and Merchants in Singapore’s Chinese Community and Their Realist Policies (1877–1941)

In colonial times Chinese merchants in Singapore aspired to the status of gentry, played the role of gentry in society, and performed social functions of gentry. At the same time, some gentry became involved in trade to gain, maintain and expand their power and prestige. We call the phenomenon the integration of gentry and merchants. In the traditional research paradigm scholars have analyzed the phenomenon in terms of national, political, and cultural identity. It is true that Chinese merchant leaders in Singapore of that time considered themselves patriots of China and were devoted to China at heart. But this article reinterprets some aspects of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore. The authors outline three major sources of power: personal business networks, the Chinese government and consulate, the colonial government. To gain power, merchants used five main strategies: expanding cultural nexus of power, interlocking officership, leading political or cultural movement, political loyalty, family legacy and marriage alliances. There were four main organizational models: dialect group association, chamber of Commerce across dialect groups, British-Chinese association, and modern political organizations. Their activities are divided into four types: philanthropic business, political movements, social reform, comprehensive activities. The integration of gentry and merchants and their realist policies reflected social needs, traditional Chinese values and psychological needs. It was the essence of their economic, social and cultural activities to acquire, maintain and expand their wealth, power and prestige.

A Case Study with Hofstede’s Culture: Working Performance of Chinese Expatriates in Dubai

A Case Study with Hofstede’s Culture: Working Performance of Chinese Expatriates in Dubai

Harmony in diplomacy, convergence in choices: Low fertility diffusion through Sino‐Korean normalization

AbstractDoes fertility preference spill over to other countries? This paper investigates the influence of South Korea's exceptionally low fertility rate on neighboring China, particularly the Korean Chinese community. Through an analysis of historical events, including the diplomatic restoration between China and South Korea in 1992, it examines how this reconciliation affected fertility and marriage rates among Korean Chinese. The findings reveal a notable decline in both fertility and marriage rates post‐reconnection, suggesting a potential adoption of South Korea's fertility norms within the Korean Chinese community.

Reliability and Validity of Revised Apathy Evaluation Scale-Self in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives The questionnaire Apathy Evaluation Scale-Self (AES-S) has been widely adopted globally, demonstrating high reliability and validity. However, direct translation of the AES into Chinese does not fit well into the Chinese cultural setting, so a structured and comprehensive revision is needed to obtain a high reliability and validity version of the scale. Methods In this study, 436 adults aged ≥ 60 years from two communities in Beijing were assessed using a modified AES-S. The methodology included item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale’s validity was tested using the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Reliability assessment included retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and split-half reliability. Results The modified Apathy Evaluation Scale-Self-Assessment (AES-S-C) presented a first-order four-factor structure with higher reliability and validity than the original version within the Chinese older adult community. Conclusions The revised AES-S-C is more suitable for the Chinese older adults in community settings. Clinical implications This self-rated scale is suitable for screening apathy among older adults in community or nursing facilities, aiding in the identification of cognitive impairment and promoting mental health.

Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a case of a patient with familial hereditary breast cancer: a case report

BackgroundBreast cancer has emerged as the foremost cause of female mortality worldwide, with triple negative breast cancer accounting for approximately 10–15% of all breast cancer cases. The triple negative breast cancer family has obvious familial heritability, but no potential pathogenic variation was found in BRCA1/2.Case presentationThe patient was a 56-year-old woman of Han ethnicity. The clinical characteristics of this patient with breast cancer were summarized, peripheral blood of one normal female and two patients with breast cancer in this family was collected, DNA was extracted, and the potential pathogenic variation was analyzed by whole exome sequencing. The normal female and two patients with breast cancer in this family shared a maternal grandmother. The proband’s right breast mass was punctured, and the biopsy showed invasive carcinoma of the right breast, grade II–III, with necrosis. No mutation was found in BRCA1/2 gene test; immunohistochemical of surgical specimens showed triple negative breast cancer. Three mutation types and 17 gene mutation sites were detected through bioinformatics prediction analysis on the basis of co-segregation of genotype and phenotype within the family and whole exome sequencing results. Combined with the Cancer Genome Atlas database comprehensive analysis, the MT1E c.G107A (p.C36Y) mutation may be a potential pathogenic site.ConclusionsThrough whole exome sequencing, we identified a total of 17 potential pathogenic mutation loci, none of which have been reported thus far. Therefore, our work expanded the gene mutation spectrum of familial hereditary triple negative breast cancer, which can provide more basis for family genetic counseling.

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its association with malnutrition in older Chinese adults in the community.

This study aims to characterize the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment in older adults within Chinese community settings. Research exploring the interrelation between malnutrition and cognitive impairment in the older adult community-dwelling population is scarce. The impact of nutritional status on cognitive function in aging adults has not been definitively established. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in one urban and one rural community in Chengdu, China, from October 2022 to March 2023. The sample included 706 older adults. Logistic regression was utilized to determine independent risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study found a significant prevalence of MCI at 32.0% among the older adult population. Among those suffering from malnutrition, 55.6% were affected by MCI. The logistic regression analysis indicated that malnutrition risk (OR = 2.192, 95% CI 1.431 to 3.357, p < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 1.475, 95% CI 1.003 to 2.170, p = 0.048), age (70-79 years old; OR = 2.425, 95% CI 1.611 to 3.651, p < 0.001; ≥80 years old: OR = 4.773, 95% CI 2.571 to 8.859, p < 0.001), male (OR = 1.584, 95% CI 1.085 to 2.313, p = 0.017), middle education level (OR = 0.986, 95% CI 1.627 to 5.482, p < 0.001), and ADL dependence (OR = 1.810, 95% CI 1.158 to 2.827, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI. The findings indicate a widespread occurrence of MCI in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. The association between malnutrition, as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and cognitive decline is evident. Older adult individuals with nutritional risk, advancing age, rural residence, male gender, moderate education, and ADL dependency are at increased likelihood of developing MCI. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the temporal relationships between MCI, demographic factors, and whether improvements in nutritional status or ADL can reduce the incidence of MCI in this population.

Beyond Chinatown: Chinese diaspora, the transition of power, and the planning of the City of Medan in Dutch East Indies

ABSTRACT Medan is a port city in Sumatra, Dutch East Indies, developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A special case among colonial cities, it featured a large number of Chinese migrants – a third party in addition to the colonizer and the colonized – who played a key role in its urbanization process. Highlighting a trichotomous power framework formed by the Dutch colonizer, the indigenous people and the Chinese diaspora, this paper argues that the Chinese diaspora, with the arrival of commercial elites, obtained opportunities to shape the backbone of the city through skilfully transforming their economic power into political and spatial power. Chinese economic activities such as property investment and co-development not only led to unconventional Chinese quarters but shaped the zoning and axiality of the whole city. The Chinese diaspora also shaped Medan’s streetscape and architecture through individual building design, which, in turn, strengthened their economic power by the careful manipulation of architectural elements from various sources to suit different purposes. The planning history of Medan represents an alternative trajectory to colonial urbanization often led by Europeans, highlighting an ambiguous and shifting power relation among three parties in a transforming colonial society.