Chinese Entrepreneurs Research Articles

Examining conditions for successful entrepreneurship in China's firms

We examine the question of what factors might be likely to increase the probability of success for entrepreneurial activity by FIEs and domestic firms in China. We first examine the possibility of there being a distinct and separate notion of Chinese entrepreneurship but find that unlikely. The issue then becomes what contextual factors may be necessary to enable entrepreneurial activity in China to flourish and we locate four such factors. We acknowledge that our posited set of necessary factors is probably not a sufficient set but they are at the minimum a useful starting point.

Factors driving the share and growth of Chinese entrepreneurship in Italy

Factors driving the share and growth of Chinese entrepreneurship in Italy

Between NEI and WAI: An Anthropological Analysis of the Rise of Chinese Entrepreneurship After the Demise of Khmer Rouge in Cambodia

Between NEI and WAI: An Anthropological Analysis of the Rise of Chinese Entrepreneurship After the Demise of Khmer Rouge in Cambodia

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR MSMES AND YOUTH ORGANIZATION (KARANG TARUNA)

According to data from the Ministry of Manpower (Menaker) in 201 8 the number of entrepreneurs who grew in Indonesia rose 3.4% from the previous year of 3.1%. This growth exceeds International Standards of 2%. This growth rate is still very small for other ASEAN neighboring countries such as Malaysia which has grown 5%, Thailand has grown 4% and Singapore has grown to 7%. Chinese entrepreneurship growth has reached 10% and Japan has reached 11%. By looking at the comparison of the growth achievements of other countries , Indonesia is expected to become more competitive. To be able to achieve an increase in entrepreneurial growth, the government must work together with major companies to provide education and training entrepreneurship. Community empowerment by conducting entrepreneurship training and development aimed at Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Youth Youth Organization . In addition, there is also a need for training on how to get access to funding in creating a new company. As is known, one of the obstacles in creating new entrepreneurs is funding. . Entrepreneurs are considered to have a special role in innovation and bringing social change, traditionally from a macroeconomic perspective (Bosma et al, 2012).

화인기업의 세계화상대회에 대한 인식과 태도 조사: 말레이시아 화인기업 사례를 중심으로

화인기업의 세계화상대회에 대한 인식과 태도 조사: 말레이시아 화인기업 사례를 중심으로

Sino-Foreign Business Networks: Foreign and Chinese banks in the Chinese banking sector, 1890–1911

AbstractAt the turn of the twentieth century, foreign bankers viewed China as one of the up-and-coming markets for international banking. This led to a rapid influx of foreign banks into the banking sector of the China coast. Consequently, foreign banks became a major presence in the treaty ports, where they financed China's foreign trade, provided loans to the Chinese government, and supplied Chinese banks with credit. However, their operations in the Chinese banking sector were always dependent on interaction with Chinese banks. Previous scholarship has largely portrayed the relationship between foreign and Chinese banks in terms of the former dominating and controlling the banking sector of China's treaty ports. This article challenges this view and shows that the relationship between foreign and Chinese banks was one of interdependence rather than one-sided control. It demonstrates how foreign banks had to adapt their business practices to the Chinese business environment and how they were integrated into existing Chinese business networks. Moreover, this article reveals how Chinese entrepreneurs could use their relationship with foreign banks for the benefit of their own business networks and exploit information asymmetries between foreign and Chinese banks to generate profits. The result of the development of this interdependent relationship between foreign and Chinese banks, and of the integration of the former into existing Chinese business networks was the formation of Sino-foreign business networks, which played an important role in making possible the operations of financial markets in China's transnational treaty port economy.

How and when entrepreneurs’ passion lead to firms’ radical innovation: moderated mediation model

ABSTRACTThe extant literature affirms that passion is important for entrepreneurs’ success. However, the related studies have failed to explain how and when entrepreneurial passion (EP) affects firms’ radical innovation (RI). The current study explores the connections between EP and firms’ RI and mediation of exploratory learning (EL) in this relationship. Moreover, we investigate the moderating role of the Zhong–Yong thinking (ZYT) of Chinese entrepreneurs. Findings from 310 new Chinese enterprises demonstrate that EP directly influences RI and indirectly through EL. ZYT of entrepreneurs can likewise reinforce the connection between their EP and RI via EL. Lastly, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

The emergence of Chinese entrepreneurs: social connections and innovation

Purpose This paper aims to explore empirically the emergence of entrepreneurs in China’s transition context since the 1980s. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies the China Private Enterprises Survey Database and historical evidence and Chi-Square test to identify the emergence patterns of China’s entrepreneurs in different historical stages. Findings This longitudinal study finds that factors such as working experience, education background and social connection had strong influences on entrepreneurship, but the impact of these have varied significantly along with institutional changes over the past three decades. It also identifies that the majority of emergent entrepreneurs were formerly low-level public servants and high-qualified managers in state-owned enterprises. Additionally, significant trends including an increasing number of female entrepreneurs, a decreasing impact from political networks, improving investment in innovation and diversifying financial sources are also found. Originality/value This paper is the first to apply the Chinese Private Enterprises Survey database to investigate the emergence patterns of China’s entrepreneurs in different historical stages after the 1978 reform.

Entrepreneurial Learning, Entrepreneurial Strategy and the Competitive Advantage of New Ventures

Based on the unique disadvantaged background of new ventures, we analyze the key factors affecting the competitive advantage of new ventures. Learning from the experiential learning theory and the strategic management theory, we construct the mechanism model of the influence of entrepreneurial learning on the competitive advantage of new ventures, and propose the role of entrepreneurial strategy in this influencing process, to reveal systematically the intrinsic relationship between entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial strategy and the competitive advantage of new ventures. The following conclusions are obtained by validating relevant models and hypotheses through the data analysis of 115 valid samples in Beijing and Shanghai.（1）Entrepreneurial learning includes two types, namely, experiential learning and observational learning, both of which have a positive impact on the competitive advantage of new ventures.（2）Different types of entrepreneurial strategy have different influences on the competitive advantage of new ventures. Under the unfavorable conditions such as the shortage of resources, exploitative strategy is more helpful for new ventures to gain the competitive advantage. However, the empirical analysis shows that new ventures’ implementation of exploratory strategy has no significant effect on its competitive advantage.（3）The empirical analysis of this study shows that exploitative strategy plays a mediating role between experiential learning, observational learning and the competitive advantage of new ventures. However, the mediating role of exploratory strategy between entrepreneurial learning and the competitive advantage of new ventures is not significant. This study integrates the relevant theories of entrepreneurial learning and strategic management, discusses the impact of entrepreneurial learning on the competitive advantage of new ventures, and analyzes the path mechanism of entrepreneurial strategy in the process of entrepreneurial learning affecting the competitive advantage of new ventures, thus making up for the lack of relevant theoretical research. The theoretical contribution of this research is reflected in the following three aspects:（1）We reveal the impact of entrepreneurial learning on the competitive advantage of new ventures. The existing research mainly analyzes from the perspective of strategic management and focuses on how large enterprises obtain the competitive advantage through the strategic process. Less research is based on the characteristics of new ventures and the perspective of learning behavior to explore how new ventures can gain the competitive advantage.（2）We explore the role of entrepreneurial learning in entrepreneurial strategy. Most studies on entrepreneurial strategy have focused on exploring their impact on enterprises’ development, ignoring what factors contribute to the formation of entrepreneurial strategy of new ventures.（3）Based on the intermediary variable of entrepreneurial strategy, the indirect effect of entrepreneurial learning on the competitive advantage of new ventures has been explained. This conclusion helps to guide Chinese entrepreneurs to adopt a reasonable learning path in a highly uncertain environment, effectively use the internal and external knowledge of new ventures, and thus use the matching entrepreneurial strategy to survive and compete in the fierce market to get a relative advantage.

Western Debates About Chinese Entrepreneurship in the Treaty Port Period, 1842–1911

This paper assesses how Westerners depicted Chinese entrepreneurship in the late Qing period. The paper, which is based on a range of primary sources in English, Portuguese, and French, shows that Western views of Chinese entrepreneurs were highly diverse and that while some contemporary authors viewed Chinese entrepreneurship through an Orientalist lens, others rejected this paradigm by stressing that Chinese people, or at least some subsets of the Han Chinese population, were extremely entrepreneurial. Another group of authors modified the Orientalist stereotype of Chinese stagnation by suggesting that Chinese businesspeople were capable of the lower entrepreneurial functions (e.g., simple arbitrage) but not the higher branches of entrepreneurship, which involved innovation and creative destruction. These entrepreneurial functions were, ethnocentrically, regarded as the domain of Westerners. The paper may extend our understanding about how the past still affects our current perception of Chinese entrepreneurship. It also develops our understanding of the cultural histories of entrepreneurship and Sino-Western business.

Buddhist Coping and Social Factors: Empirical Evidence from Chinese entrepreneurs

Buddhist Coping and Social Factors: Empirical Evidence from Chinese entrepreneurs

Psychological Capital and Business Success of Chinese, Minangnese, and Javanese Entrepreneurs

Psychological capital (Psycap) is a condition of positive psychology (hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism), which facilitates entrepreneurs to survive in running and reach success in their business. This research was intended to obtain the overviews of psycap and business success of Chinese, Minangnese, and Javanese entrepreneurs. There was a total of 207 entrepreneurs involved as respondents. There were two instruments used in this study: the Psychological Capital Scale and the Balanced Scorecard. Data analysis method applied to measure psychological capital was a descriptive statistic. The result showed that Javanese entrepreneurs had a very high level of psychological capital, while both Chinese and Minangnese entrepreneurs hold on the same high degree. Meanwhile, the data analysis regarding the successfulness of business showed that most of the Javanese entrepreneurs reached a high level of success, Chinese entrepreneurs were average, and Minangnese entrepreneurs were low. Keywords : Psychological Capital, Business Success, Entrepreneur, Chinese, Minangnese, Javanese * Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jl. Jend. Sudirman 51, Jakarta Selatan 12930, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.12.2.157-166

Trust, poverty, and subjective wellbeing among Chinese entrepreneurs

ABSTRACTEntrepreneurs’ subjective wellbeing has become an important topic in research: entrepreneurs undertake risks and create their companies seeking personal satisfaction and fulfillment. As a result, researchers have given considerable attention to the antecedents and the conditions under which wellbeing materializes, especially in emerging economies where poverty may be acute. In this study, we propose that generalized trust serves as an informal institution that affects entrepreneurs’ subjective wellbeing. Further, we propose that this relationship is subject to boundary conditions of economic and social poverty as well as context-specific formal institutional features. We test our predictions using a multi-sourced sample of 818 Chinese entrepreneurs. We find that trust is positively associated with entrepreneurs’ subjective wellbeing. This association is moderated by both economic poverty and social poverty. When high or low institutional voids are evident across the different regions of China, the main and moderating effects are further differentiated. The study suggests that, as a mechanism to mitigate the negative effect of lacking formal institutions, the level of trust in different regions is more relevant in social poverty rather than in economic poverty.

The Contingent Value of Entrepreneurs’ Political Capital: Evidence from China

ABSTRACTWho benefit from a transitioning economy, entrepreneurs who are politically connected or disconnected? Market transition theory and power conversion theory offer two divergent answers. Our study seeks to contribute to this debate by examining the contingent value of entrepreneurs’ political capital. We draw from social network theories and investigate whether and how entrepreneurs’ social networks influence the relationship between their political capital and social mobility. Using the data on Chinese entrepreneurs, we find that the impact of political capital on entrepreneurs’ social mobility is contingent on their network centrality. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

The Mediating Effect of Decision Quality on Knowledge Management and Firm Performance for Chinese Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study

While it is well-known knowledge management is crucial for an organization’s competitive advantage, relatively little research has explored the process whereby knowledge management affects firm performance in a collectivistic culture such as China. This study is to explore the mechanism through which knowledge management helps improve firm performance and then to examine the mediating role of decision quality in the Chinese context. Using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from Chinese entrepreneurs and with structural equation modeling, this study shows that knowledge accumulation, internal sharing, and external knowledge sharing all have a positive impact on firm performance, and decision quality partially mediates the impact of knowledge management on firm performance. This study adds value to the knowledge management literature by introducing decision quality as a mediating variable to examine the impact of knowledge sharing on firm performance in China. The findings of this study can help enrich the literature on knowledge management and firm performance and highlight the important impact of decision quality on knowledge management and firm performance. Management practitioners can also benefit from the findings.

Do Entrepreneurs' Developmental Job Challenges Enhance Venture Performance in Emerging Industries? A Mediated Moderation Model of Entrepreneurial Action Learning and Entrepreneurial Experience.

Drawing on work experience theory and human capital theory, we developed a model of how developmental job challenges (DJC) enhance venture performance. Specifically, we developed and tested a mediated moderation model of DJC linking entrepreneurial action learning (EAL), entrepreneurial experience and venture performance. Based on a sample of Chinese entrepreneurs in emerging industries, we demonstrated that the developmental quality of entrepreneurial tasks had a positive relationship with venture performance and that this relationship was mediated by EAL. Furthermore, we found that entrepreneurs with prior entrepreneurial experience were more likely to engage in EAL behaviors and achieved better venture performance.

Conditions for the development of Vietnamese business and entrepreneurship in Poland

This paper outlines the history of the development of Vietnamese business and Vietnamese businessmen and entrepreneurs community in Poland. This special period of history of development was to be divided into two main phases. In addition, this article has analyzed the factors affecting international entrepreneurship spirit and international entrepreneurship capacity of this Vietnamese business community here in Poland. These factors are well identified in the overview part of international startups and international entrepreneurship study. The study showed that these factors include: foreign market appeal, government policies, compatibility of business practices, and adaptability to foreign markets. In the research part of this article, these factors were taken to be reanalyzed for the Vietnamese business community in Poland and showed why Vietnamese people choose Poland to be a good place for family settlement and for doing long-term business. Moreover, the success factors and success barriers behind their business development compared to the community of Chinese businessmen and entrepreneurs who came to Poland just only several years later have also been clearly identified. The research results show that, to strengthen the position and to raise the business awareness of Vietnamese business community in Poland, to strengthen it into a more developed and unified community for the purpose of future sustainable development, Vietnamese embassy in Poland with all of its networks of partnership, Vietnam's foreign trade promotion and trade representative agencies, and the diverse Vietnamese associations in Poland, both for profit and non-profit, need to play an interactive role to support Vietnamese businessmen and entrepreneurs to understand indigenous business practices, to overcome language and culture barriers in a bid to better integrate with the Polish business and social environment.

Serious chemistry on set: the molecular structure of film investment in China

ABSTRACT Using the case of the Mainland Chinese film industry, this paper argues that the competing features that attract commercial capital investment and drive state centralization create a molecular structure of national film investment, or the division of investment in the film industry into several interdependent centers. A combination of regulations, institutions, the built environment and access to capital leads to a distributed investment of strategic assets linked by bonds of complementarity. Beijing dominates in the area of state-supported production. Shanghai outperforms other cities in terms of foreign direct investment. Qingdao has attracted domestic Chinese private investment and entrepreneurship. Unlike the capital agglomeration seen in countries like the United States where film investment is driven centrally by financial considerations, the Chinese national film industry is strategically divided into several centers that rely more dominantly on political or financial resources. While this paper focuses on China, understanding the molecular structure of the Chinese film industry helps us understand both developed and developing countries that are characterized by robust state oversight and strong commercial media sectors.

SUCCESSION IN FAMILY BUSINESS AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY IN CHINA

Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual problem of the continuity of family business in China. Family as the smallest cell in society plays an important role for people, and the successful development of family business is significant for the stability of society.Methods. The article discusses four options for transferring a family business enterprise: to their only child, to several children, to a professional manager, and to the third generation of heirs.Results. The article presents the activities of effective education of the heirs of the family business, which are based on national traditions, Chinese philosophy, as well as human values.Conclusions. These activities are useful not only for Chinese entrepreneurs who are building a family business, but also for ordinary parents of any society. High-quality training for future generations: their upbringing and education, ultimately ensures the social sustainability of society.

Entrepreneurial China

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings China has embraced entrepreneurship significantly since the 1980s. This brief looks at the development of Chinese entrepreneurship since then. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists, and researchers’ hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.