Chinese Edition Research Articles

Utilization of recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery in china: a point prevalence survey (2015-2023).

The survey aimed to elucidate the complete range of national practices, including all technical and non-technical aspects, as well as surgical stratification and maturation, of the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroid surgery in China. Six national questionnaires, developed by the Chinese Neural Monitoring Study Group (CNMSG) between 2015 and 2023, were used to collect and analyze data regarding the clinical application, education, and scientific research related to IONM in Chinese medical institutions. Among the surveyed hospitals, 45% reported an average annual surgical volume exceeding 3,000 cases, with 82.5% performing more than 80% of the surgeries for malignant thyroid tumors. Additionally, 97.5% of the hospitals reported a<3% incidence of postoperative hoarseness with IONM. Statistical analysis from 2011 to 2015 found that the incidence of postoperative hoarseness decreased by 30% in 2013 compared with 2011, when the technology was introduced. Preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopies were routinely performed by 82.5% and 15% of the hospitals, respectively. For 65% of the hospitals, the publication of the Chinese edition of neuromonitoring guidelines in 2013 prompted the utilization of IONM technology. An average annual number of IONM applications exceeding 500 cases (18.5% the average volume) was reported by 80% of the hospitals, while 62.5% reported a cumulative number of applications greater than 5,000 cases (47.1% the average cumulative volume). Regarding technical parameters, 75% of the hospitals reported an intraoperative V1 amplitude of >500µV, and 70% reported an intraoperative loss of signal (LOS) rate of<3%. 92.5% of the surveyed hospitals believed that IONM could help identify dissociated nerves, and 95% of the surveyed hospitals believed that IONM could reduce nerve damage. However, 72.5% of the respondents thought that cost was the main limitation. Furthermore, 67.5% of the hospitals reported that half of their thyroid surgical team members were trained in IONM, with 17.5% reporting that all team members were trained. Areas for reinforced training included IONM research methods and directions (72.5%), and analysis and treatment of abnormal EMG signals (72.5%). Research projects related to IONM were conducted by 42.5% of the hospitals, while 52.5% had published papers on neuromonitoring. IONM was independently and incrementally associated with the annual surgical volume. This survey emphasized the importance of national collaboration and/or a registry for the uptake, consolidation, and development of CNMSG consensus.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PARENTS TO STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LEARNING: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES

This study explores the impact of parenting styles on the English learning engagement of non-English major students and examines the mediating role of individual self-control. The research utilized an online survey distributed to 500 non-English major students at SUniversity, with 429 valid responses analysed. The Chinese edition of the Short Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (S-EMBU-C), the English Learning Engagement Scale, and the Self-Control Scale were employed to measure parenting styles, learning engagement, andself-control, respectively. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the relationships among these variables. The results revealed that positive parenting styles significantly enhance English learning engagement, while negative parenting styles diminish it. Moreover, individual self-control was found to mediate the relationship between parenting styles and learning engagement, suggesting that students with stronger self-control are more engaged in their English learning. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of positive parenting in fostering students' learning engagement and highlights self-control as a critical factor in this process. These findings contribute to the understanding of how familial influences and individual traits combine to impact academic performance in non-English major students.

Medical Historical Value of the “The Quarterly Reports of the Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton” Review of Peter Parker and Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton

Recently published by the Central Compilation and Translation Press, Peter Parker and Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton is the Chinese edition of The Quarterly Reports of the Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton, written by Dr. Peter Parker (1804-1888), an American medical missionary. Dr. Parker founded the Canton Ophthalmic Hospital in November 1835, the first Western hospital in China. From 1836 to 1850, he authored 15 quarterly reports, which were serialized in The Chinese Repository. These reports document patient statistics and detailed case studies, highlighting the role of medical missionaries in China before and after the Opium War and the introduction of Western medicine to China.

Revised Editions of the Prajnaparamitahrdaya and Xīn jīng

The commonly used Sanskrit and Chinese editions of the Heart Sutra have both been found to be faulty or misread in minor but important ways (Nattier 1992, Huifeng 2014, and Attwood 2015, 2018, 2020a, 2021a). These faults and misreadings have consistently been overlooked to the detriment of Heart Sutra studies. This article combines published observations to revise the standard Heart Sutra editions in both Sanskrit and Chinese. The Sanskrit text is fully parsable, possibly for the first time. The revised texts are accompanied by translations that reflect the epistemic hermeneutic proposed in Attwood (2022a). For convenience, the revised editions and translations are also provided as standalone supplements: Bānrěbōluómìduō xīn jīng Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya

Psychometric assessment of the Chinese adaptation of the patient participation scale targeting inpatients: a validation research.

The objective of this research was to introduce, translate, and verify the Patient Participation Scale (PPS) within a Chinese context. We applied a combination of internal consistency testing, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The research involved 453 individuals, comprising both outpatients and inpatients, across three Jinzhou Medical University-affiliated hospitals in China. Additionally, a subgroup of 50 patients underwent a retest after a 2-week interval to assess reliability. The adapted Chinese edition of the PPS included 21 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified four distinct factors, accounting for 66.199% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a suitable four-factor structure ( : 2.045, RMSEA: 0.048, GFI: 0.935, AGFI: 0.914, TLI: 0.958, CFI: 0.965, and PGFI: 0.712). The factor loadings corresponded to each item exceeded 0.6, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceeded 0.5, and the composite reliability (CR) exceeded 0.7. The correlation coefficients stayed below the square root of the AVE, demonstrated relatively favourable convergent and discriminant validity.The Chinese PPS edition demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.919), with dimensional Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.732 to 0.918. Split-half as well as retest reliabilities were recorded at 0.737 and 0.864, respectively. The content validity index for the Chinese PPS edition stood at 0.974. The Chinese edition of the PPS emerges as a valid and reliable tool for assessing patient engagement in their own treatment as well as care, applicable in both inpatient as well as outpatient settings.

Surviving Turbulent Times: A Close Reading of Manila Shinbun’s Portrayal of Chinese Filipino Communities during the Pacific War

Abstract This paper aims to explore the experiences of the Chinese in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945) by analyzing the only Chinese newspaper, Manila Shinbun Chinese Edition. Although the Manila Shinbun certainly reflected the military administration’s will and possessed characteristics of news propaganda, being the only Chinese-language newspaper permitted to publish at the time, it nonetheless offers invaluable insights into the experiences of the Chinese community. With limited research, gaps persist in understanding the Chinese community’s story during this period. This study seeks a more comprehensive understanding of their history by meticulously analyzing news coverage and delving into underlying narratives. Ultimately, it reveals the failure of Japanese attempts to control and unify the Chinese community through military means, leading to the collapse of the Manila Shinbun and the Japanese-controlled Chinese Association prior to the arrival of the U.S. Army.

(Re)framing online news through paratexts: a multisemiotic analysis of The New York Times in Chinese

ABSTRACT This study employs a multisemiotic approach to analyse various paratextual framing devices in online news texts, including news headlines, photographs and captions, as well as section names. Translated news articles about the 2014 Hong Kong protests were collected from the Chinese-language website of The New York Times (NYT) published between 28 September and 16 December 2014 and their original versions from its English website. The study finds that the Chinese edition mainly frames the events covered in the articles through paratextual rather than textual elements and, through those paratextual elements, a slightly different social reality to their English version for the events was (re)framed. This study underscores the influential role of paratextual devices in news translation, demonstrating how they can subtly shift the framing of events and potentially influence public perception.

Study on the Dissemination Mode and Influence of Literature on Rural Revitalization Topics in the New Media Environment

Abstract The literature on rural revitalization serves as both a record and a witness to the development of rural revitalization in China. This paper outlines rural revitalization literature’s communication mode in the new media environment and proposes a model for its We propose IEOC, an important node group mining algorithm based on information entropy and overlap coefficient, to construct the communication influence model. We also introduce information entropy calculation nodes, measure the overlap of influence using overlap coefficients, and propose a floating probability cascade model, TFIC, to construct the communication influence model of rural revitalization literature combined with the model for analyzing the communication influence of rural revitalization literature, it reveals a moderately low total word frequency of high-frequency words (2332). Out of the 12 rural revitalization literature works under study, only Moon Beach has a communication influence index of more than 1. of more than 1. Compared to other mainstream literature, rural revitalization literature has a communication power of only 1785 and 18369, with fewer high-communication works and high-influence contents. The number of high-impact works and contents is relatively small. Overseas dissemination is characterized by a higher number of Chinese editions than foreign language editions, and there are also shortcomings in translation.

The role of spatial changes to paratext in literary translation reception: eleven Chinese editions of Charlotte’s Web

ABSTRACT Paratext is designed to mediate between texts and readers, but few studies have analysed the paratextual evolution of the same translation and its function in relation to a work’s reception. This article examines how spatial changes to paratexts in eleven editions of Rongrong Ren’s Chinese version of Charlotte’s Web have a bearing on the translation’s reception. A qualitative analysis of reader comments on social media shows that: (1) an allographic preface adapted from a book review arouses some readers’ interest but acts as a spoiler for others; and (2) changing the translator’s preface to a postscript reduces the risk of giving the plot away in advance. In addition to demonstrating the role of paratext in relation to translation reception, the article further argues that, on a methodological level, researchers should note the paratextual differences between editions when conducting reception studies.

고려시대 『佛頂心陀羅尼經』의 간행과 판본 분석

This study examined Chinese edition and records of a Korean institution based on previous studies and actual examination of the Sūtra of Great Dhāraṇī of the Uṣṇīṣa-cittā. In conclusion, following points have been discovered.&#x0D; First, the Sūtra of Great Dhāraṇī of the Uṣṇīṣa-cittā is categorized as Wigyeong(僞經) as it was established during the Tang Dynasty and its structure follows three volumes and one edition; different signatures were marked according to content of each volume.&#x0D; Second, there are Chinese character editions and Seoha editions discovered in Dunhuang, Xia, and Turpan. In particular, Gyeongdang(經幢; a sculpture with engraved scripts in a tower-style stone) style was popular in the 11th and 12th centuries during the Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty.&#x0D; Third, in the 12th century (year of 1150, 1156, and 1166) of Korea, Jumun(呪文) of ‘Buljeongsimjineon(佛頂心眞言)’ in Dharani Chongjijip(摠持集; compiled edition of Dharanis) is listed in Siddam characters. These records were discovered in Vairocana Buddha statue in Haeinsa Temple and the editions of the year of 1156 and 1166 consist of in 47 chapters engraved by ‘Jonsim(存心)’ and Eonpyeong(彦平)’, respectively. Among these editions, there is Beomseo Chongjijip prayed by Jahwa(資華) of Bupsoo Temple(法水寺) and the edition in 1150 was corrected and published by Sawon(思遠) in Gwangjaepo(廣濟鋪), a place where old Pyeong was.&#x0D; According to 『History of Goryeo(高麗史)』, Buljeongsimdoryang(佛頂心道場) was held frequently as a Buddhist event to protect the country from war and natural disasters. Three volumes structure can be witnessed in the early 13th century and most of the existing books are designed with portability. It is suggested that these books were created to hope for safety from the war against Mongolia and the military coup. Such practice reflects the background of the time, when esoteric Buddhism was popular among public.&#x0D; Fourth, in the early Joseon Dynasty, there are small-sized books created based on the Goryeo editions to treat and prevent individuals’ disease, disasters, and bad luck. In 1485, the royal kingdom published a woodblock edition with a plaque based on the edition of Ming Dynasty of China for the well-being of the royal family and prosperity of the descendants. During this time, Eonhae edition was printed with Eulhae metal type. This edition was published until the 17th century with slight variations in a myraid of local temples. However, the style on Eonhae portion remained the same.&#x0D; Fifth, the titles of the three volumes of the scripture are different and the marks in each volume appear differently by periods and editions. The first volume lists the virtues of Dharani as Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva pledges to Sakyamuni Buddha; the second volume mentions the virtues and protection gained by memorizing and offering this scripture all the time; and the third volume includes Dharani’s virtues with four spiritual examples. In other words, it includes stories about people eliminating their sins from their previous lives, woman born as a man, healing diseases, defeating evil, getting pregnant, protecting mothers and living in paradise through Dharani.&#x0D; Sixth, this Dharani was engraved and distributed not only in three volumes but also in the form of a single sheet with Jumun(呪文) since the Goryeo Dynasty, and was mainly engraved at local temples in response to the demand of the private sector in the late Joseon Dynasty. As the time goes by, Hanmuneum, Siddam character, and Hangeuleum were selectively applied to Jumun(呪文) as needed and its writing styles including but not limited to Hapja(合字; combined characters), Byeonggi(倂記; write both Hangeul and Hanja character sounds in orderly manner), Gujeolpyosi(句節表示; read by character segments), Jangdaneum(句節表示), Seongjopyosi(聲調表示; high and low character sounds) varied by the ed

Risk factors for developmental quotients in ASD children: A cross-sectional study.

To analyze the risk factors for developmental quotients (DQs) of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to better understand the effects of screen time on neurodevelopment in children with ASD. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 382 children with ASD, including demographic profiles; socioeconomic status; score on the Chinese parent-child interaction scale (CPCIS); screen time questionnaire; ASD symptom rating scales, including the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition (ADOS-2); and DQs using Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese Edition. Univariate analysis was carried out to analyze the factors related to the DQs of children with ASD, and then the linear regression model was used to identify the independent influencing factors of the DQs of children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.180, p = 0.002), age (β = -0.283, p = 0.000) and CARS score (β = -0.347, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of locomotor in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.108, p = 0.034), CARS score (β = -0.503, p = 0.000), ADOS-2 severity score (β = -0.109, p = 0.045) and CPCIS score (β = 0.198, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of personal social skill in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.130, p = 0.018), CARS score (β = -0.469, p = 0.000), and CPCIS score (β = 0.133, p = 0.022) are risk factors related to DQ of hearing-speech in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.163, p = 0.003) and CARS score (β = -0.471, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of eye-hand coordination in children with ASD. Age (β = -0.140, p = 0.020), CARS score (β = -0.342, p = 0.000), ADOS-2 severity score (β = -0.133, p = 0.034) and CPCIS score (β = 0.193, p = 0.002) are risk factors related to DQ of performance in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.801, p = 0.000) and CPCIS score (β = 0.394, p = 0.019) are risk factors related to DQ of practical reasoning in children with ASD. Vitamin D status, the severity of autistic symptoms and parent-child interaction are risk factors for developmental quotients in children with ASD. Screen exposure time is negatively associated with DQs in children with ASD but is not an independent risk factor for DQs.

A history of medicine for patient: patient subjectivity and the change of historiography of medicine

Abstract Patient’s voice has become louder in recent years. It is a statement of illness, disability, near-death experience, and a cry from the weak, which reveals rich and multiple aspects of patient's physical diseases and mental pain. The groans of patients should not only be treated as reference for decision-making in clinical diagnosis and treatment, but need to be marked down as a voice of the weak in the history of medicine. However, the reality is this voice often stays as physician’s medical records than writings in history of medicine. The mainstream of medical history focuses on how doctors cure diseases, while ignores the role of patients. At times in history of medicine, it was patient’s illness challenged traditional medical theories, provided new perspectives to diagnosis and treatment, and corrected mistakes and prejudice of physicians. Yet, patients benefited very little in the process. Although a few patients miraculously recovered, more became experimental subjects and victims of medicine (Perino L. Patients Zéro: Histoires inversées de la médecine (Chinese edition). France: La Découverte; 2020). Tracing the change of the understanding on patient subjectivity in history of medicine, this paper aims to call for a rise of history of medicine centered on patients.

Avoidant Personality Disorder Symptoms and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Psychological Stress Tasks With Increasing Cognitive Demands

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate whether and how avoidant personality disorder symptoms are related to cardiovascular reactivity to stress tasks with different levels of cognitive demands. The revised Chinese edition of the avoidant personality disorder subscale of Personality Diagnosed Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) was administered to 222 undergraduate students randomly assigned to psychological stress tasks (i.e., mental arithmetic tasks) with low, moderate, or high cognitive demands (manipulated by task difficulty), during which their physiological data were continuously collected. Results showed that avoidant personality disorder symptoms and cognitive demands of tasks interactively predicted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity. In specific, avoidant personality disorder symptoms were not associated with SBP reactivity under the low- and moderate-demand conditions and DBP reactivity under the low-demand condition but were associated with blunted SBP reactivity under the high-demand condition and blunted DBP reactivity under the moderate- and high-demand conditions. These findings indicate that the association between avoidant personality disorder symptoms and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress is contingent on the cognitive demands of tasks, which have potential implications for physical health.

Сочинение Цишии «Сиюй вэньцзяньлу»: сведения по истории народов Центральной Азии второй половины XVIII в.

Introduction. The article examines the Chinese written source Xiyu wenjian lu 西域闻见录 (‘Record of Things Seen and Heard in the Western Regions’) by the Manchu official Qishiyi (Chunyuan) and its data on the history and ethnography of Central Asian peoples in the mid-to-late 18th century. Goals. The work seeks to introduce new data on the history of Central Asia contained in Xiyu wenjian lu, analyze various copies and versions of the written source, and provide new information about the author of the composition. Materials and methods. The study explores the Japanese woodblock print edition of 1801 and one modern Chinese edition of 2016, translates some extracts. The work considers various works by Russian and foreign authors regarding the written source, employs the generalizing and comparative research methods, while historical/chronological analysis proves instrumental in investigating certain interesting facts from Xiyu wenjian lu. Results. The paper introduces into scientific circulation new translations of extracts from Qishiyi’s work that significantly supplement and expand data presented in the famous work of N. Ya. Bichurin (Hyacinth) titled ‘Description of Dzungaria and East Turkestan in Ancient and Present Times’. The article contains the most famous copies and versions of Xiyu wenjian lu. The biography of the author is supplemented with new facts of his life that have remained little-known to Russian-speaking researchers. Conclusions. The revealed factual materials from Xiyu wenjian lu show that the work of Manchu official Qishiyi contains original data on historical geography, socioeconomic life of Central Asian peoples, and political situation in the region. Despite its fame, Xiyu wenjian lu is to be thoroughly explored since lots of historical accounts from this source remain unexplored.

Chinese Crisis Communication in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discourse Analysis of People's Daily News Articles in Response to Threatening International News Coverage

This paper examines China's international communication strategy during the initial phase of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In the spring of 2020, Western governments and media began criticising the systematic lack of transparency and accountability in the Chinese political system in relation to the failed containment of the Wuhan outbreak. Facing an unprecedented reputational crisis, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) mobilised its foreign-language media in an attempt to influence the international discourse on COVID-19. Surveying the English and Chinese editions of the People's Daily, this study identifies CCP discourses aimed at foreign audiences and traces their evolution during the early stages of the pandemic. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive map of Chinese narratives on COVID-19 and generates fresh insights into CCP crisis communication.

Theoretical, methodological and practical contributions for the globalization of Chinese social sciences

With slight revision based on the published Preface of China and the Shared Human Future: Exploring Common Values and Goals (Volume 6 of the Globalization of Chinese Social Sciences series) by Martin Albrow, edited by Xiangqun Chang. London: Global Century Press, 2022. The first part of it is adapted from the Postscript of the Chinese edition of China’s Role in a Shared Human Future: Towards Theory for Global Leadership (Volume 4 of the Globalization of Chinese Social Sciences series) by Martin Albrow, Global Century Press, 2018.

A Propos the Failed First Publication of the Russian Translation of Shu Jing

The Book of Historical Documents (Shu jing) is an ancient Chinese written monument, a collection of addresses of the ruler to the subjects and of the subjects to the rulers. The philosophical meaning of Shu jing is that it mentions or refers to the issues of a broad ideological order. These brief references either gave life to philosophical ideas, or later, after appropriate interpretation, were used by the philosophers to authoritatively confirm their thoughts. The first complete Russian translation of Shu jing was done by Archimandrite Daniil (Dmitriy Petrovich Sivillov, 1789-1871) in the early 40s of the 19th century. The translation was undertaken, first and primarily, as a teaching material assigned to students of the Chinese Language Cathedra at the Kazan Imperial University. This cathedra was first one established in Russia and the second one in Europe. Archimandrite Daniel was its first head in 1837-1844. Unfortunately, the translator have never had a chance to publish his work. Sivillov for the first time in Russian and European Sinology used a purely Chinese commented edition of The Book . The canonical text used by Sivillov and later his followers was considered and understood through the prism of modern Neoconfucianism, which, in comparison with ancient and early medieval Confucianism, reinterpreted and significantly enriched the philosophical meaning of the Shu jing . In some points of understanding of the Neoconfucian interpretation of the ancient text, Archimandrite Daniil was not only ahead of, but also more successful than his later colleagues. The text of the previously unpublished Shu jing Chapter III Da Yu mo Russian translation by archimandrite Daniil is attached.

Revisiting Malaya: Uncovering Historical and Political Thoughts in Nusuntara ed. by Show Ying Xin and Ngoi Guat Peng (review)

Reviewed by: Revisiting Malaya: Uncovering Historical and Political Thoughts in Nusuntara ed. by Show Ying Xin and Ngoi Guat Peng Liaw Siau Chi Revisiting Malaya: Uncovering Historical and Political Thoughts in Nusuntara. Edited by Show Ying Xin and Ngoi Guat Peng. Petaling Jaya: SIRD, 2020. 511 pp. ISBN: 9789672165774 After joining the Singapore and Malaysia Office of the Inter-Asia School in Singapore, Dr Ngoi Guat Peng initiated a conference entitled 'Revisiting Malaya: Political and Historical Thoughts' in Kuala Lumpur in 2014 and another conference entitled 'Revisiting Malaya 2.0 International Conference: Links and Fractures in Political and Historical Thoughts' in Yogyakarta in 2016. At that time, Dr Show Ying Xin was the research assistant of the project. Ngoi and Show selected some English conference papers, facilitated the translation into Chinese and published them in Renjian Thought Review, a journal in Taiwan. They subsequently did the same to several Chinese conference papers and published them in the Journal of Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. Producing translations of academic papers is one of the best ways for scholars to share their ideas despite the language barriers that stem from different backgrounds in terms of nationality, culture, and community. This also benefits the public by providing easy access to scholarly points of view. However, the current academic evaluation mechanism for scholars does not consider the production of quality translated academic papers. Ngoi and Show deserve great credit for their contribution on initiating the translations. The initial edition of this book Chong fan Ma lai ya:zheng zhi yu li shi si xiang (重返马来亚：政治与历史思想), was written in Chinese and published in 2017. It contains the transcript of the panel discussions in 2014. The English edition of the book was published in 2020, and it compiled papers presented in 2014 and 2016. It took almost six years to construct a communication channel for academics [End Page 234] from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines to exchange ideas and to facilitate better research to be carried out in different countries. In the Chinese edition's introduction by the editors, Ngoi (魏月萍 & 苏颖欣, 2017, p. X) defines the term 'revisit' as not just confined to the literal meaning of 'return' or to 'visit again' the history. It aims to reflect, redefine, and to a large extent, to reconceptualise. Both editors have credited this to Chen Kuan-Hsing's 'Asia as a method', and Show (pp. 3–5) has elaborated in detail what is the implication of 'Malaya as a method'. 'Here, we seek to explicitly address problems such as colonialism and its ruminations, the intervention of the global Cold War in local realities, as well as the historical links and fractures that emerged during the process of subjectivity recognition and formation during the last century' (p. 4). In this sense, 'Malaya' is not a simple geographical location or a nation-state territory but a concept of epistemology. This book is beneficial to those with an interest in historical and regional research, especially comparative studies on Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Some may feel that the subject matter of this book is too divergent. The implication is clear. When choosing one historical topic in a country within this region, we need counterparts to complete the story. However, this book is a collection of conference and subsequently published papers. As Jomo K. S. pointed out, not all contributors adopted 'Malaya as a method' to articulate the discourse (p. xiv). For the benefit of the readers, the editor arranged the twenty-one articles into five main topics, namely, envisioning Malaysia, Malaysia in art and literature, anticolonial struggle and nationalism, imagined communities in the Malay world, the nation-state and beyond. The historical processes of Malaya's independence and the formation of Malaysia are full of challenges and tension. Its influence on neighbouring areas and their reaction is the topic of many essays in this book. For the left-wing in Singapore, embracing Malaya was once the idea of nation-building. Hong Lysa revisited the process of turning this dream into a nightmare. The idea of a 'multicultural nation in which all communities would be treated equally; a nation independent of colonial rule…rights for all people - both political and civil' (p. 48...

Health promoting lifestyle behaviors and associated predictors among clinical nurses in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNurses play a core role and encompass the main workforce in health care systems. Their role model of health promoting lifestyle behaviors (HPLB) would directly or indirectly affect their clients’ beliefs or attitudes of health promotion. There is limited evidence on HPLB in clinical registered nurses. The current study aimed to explore the HPLB and associated influencing factors among clinical registered nurses in China.MethodsA multi-center cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in 2020. Participants were asked to complete social demographic information as well as the revised Chinese edition of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Independent-Sample T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, and categorical regression (optimal scaling regression) were the main methods to analyze the relationship between demographic data and the score of HPLB.Results19,422 nurses were included in the study. The mean score of self-actualization, health responsibility/physical activity, nutrition, job safety, interpersonal support, and overall Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile were, 27.61(5.42) out of a score of 36, 22.71(7.77) out of a score of 44, 10.43(2.97) out of a score of 16, 22.05(3.97) out of a score of 28, 20.19(4.67) out of a score of 28, and 102.99 (19.93) out of a score of 144, respectively. There was a significant relationship among Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person, and mean score of all subscales and the overall HPLP (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNurses who participated in the study presented a moderate level of health promoting lifestyle behaviors. Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person were predictors for all subscales and overall HPLP.

Comparison of three kinds of free flaps used in patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors

Objective: To compare the recovery and quality of life of patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors treated with three kinds of free soft tissue flaps. Methods: The clinical data of 103 patients, including 66 males and 37 females, aged 26-74 years, who underwent primary repair of defects after resection of oral and oropharyngeal tumors in Sichuan Tumor Hospital from July 2014 to August 2020 were analyzed. Anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) was used in 43 patients, radial forearm free flap (RFFF) in 45 patients, and lateral arm free flap (LAFF) in 15 patients. Postoperative qualities of life of patients were evaluated by the university of Washington quality of life questionnaire and oral health impact scale (HIP-14 Chinese edition). SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The T staging of RFFF or LAFF group was significantly lower than that of ALTF group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean flap areas between ALTF group ((55.87±27.38) cm2) and LAFF group ((49.93±19.44) cm2), while RFFF group had smaller mean flap area ((33.18±6.05) cm2) than ALTF group (t=5.311, P<0.001) and LAFF group (t=3.284, P=0.005). In terms of oral functions including swallowing, mastication, taste and spitmouth, there were no significant differences between LAFF group and RFFF group (P>0.05), but both groups had better oral functions than ALTF group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in appearance scores between LAFF group (75(75, 75)) and ALTF group (75(75,75) vs.75(75,75),Z=-1.532, P=0.126), and both groups had higher scores than RFFF group (50(50, 75),Z values were -3.447 and -3.005 respectively, P<0.05). RFFF group had higher speech score (100(67, 100)) than LAFF group (67(50, 76),Z=-2.480, P<0.05) and ALTF group (67(33, 67),Z=-5.414, P<0.05). ALTF group had lower mean score of quality of life than RFFF group [72(56,77) vs.79(69, 89),Z=-3.070, P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the mean scores of qualities of life between ALTF group and LAFF group (Z=1.754, P=0.079). According to the evaluation of oral health impact scale (HIP-14 Chinese version) 1 year after surgery, individual item scores and the average score of all items in ALTF group were lower than those in RFFF and LAFF groups (P<0.05), with no significant difference between RFFF group and LAFF group (P>0.05). Conclusions: RFFF has unique advantages for small tissue defects, while ALTF is suitable for large tissue defects, such as buccal penetrating defect, whole tongue and near whole tongue defect, and LAFF is a compromise choice between ALTF and RFFF. ALTF is inferior to RFFF and LAFF in oral functional reconstruction, including swallowing, chewing, taste and spittle. ALTF and LAFF are superior to RFFF in postoperative appearance.