Chinese Counterparts Research Articles

An Application of Judgement Modeling to Examine Inter-Cultural Differences Regarding Perceptions of Business Skill Importance

With increased global interaction, cultural awareness among stakeholders is crucial, especially for companies seeking growth in the international environment. This study focuses on comparing the perceptions of business skill importance between student subjects from China/Hong Kong (CHK) and the United States (US). The results show that the six cues representing the business skills/attributes strongly influenced student perceptions of job offer likelihood and the relative importance of these cues were not equal, with Interpersonal Effectiveness (INPER), Internship Experience (INT), and Ethical Awareness (ETH) having a higher impact than Communication (COMM), Cultural Intelligence (CULT), and Critical Thinking (CRIT). The results indicated that INPER, INT, and ETH were associated with similar, substantial effects, while COMM, CULT, and CRIT exhibited smaller and comparable effects. The analysis revealed significant interactions between the country and two cues Interpersonal Effectiveness (INPER) and Ethical Awareness (ETH). Chinese students perceived INPER to be somewhat more important than U.S. students, possibly influenced by cultural dimensions such as the emphasis on interpersonal relationships in Chinese culture. Conversely, U.S. students regarded ETH as more crucial than their Chinese counterparts, aligning with findings that suggest cultural variations, particularly in power distance and collectivism, may influence ethical values. The findings enhance our understanding of the relative importance of business skills in different cultural contexts and provide insights for educational institutions and employers in preparing students for the global business environment. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing direct comparisons of student perceptions across cultures and employing a rigorous judgment modeling methodology.

Live-Streaming Tourism: Model Development and Validations

Based on affordance theory, this study proposes the attributes of live streaming tourism (enjoyment, escapism, social presence, synchronism, self-presentation, social interaction, and utility) and examines their impacts on consumers’ attitudes and behavioral intentions concerning tourism destinations. In this study, data were collected from 985 respondents to cross-validate the proposed theoretical model using three distinct approaches: an experimental design, a cross-sectional survey on memory recall experiences, and cross-cultural (US vs. Chinese) sample comparisons. Multi-group PLS-SEM results indicated that Chinese tourists emphasized social presence in live streaming tourism, whereas US tourists ascribed more value to synchronism in live streaming tourism than their Chinese counterparts. Self-presentation and utility were two robust factors in live streaming tourism that influenced tourists’ visiting intentions. In the recollection of live streaming tourism experiences, self-presentation, synchronicity, and utility were critical factors that led to positive outcomes for tourism destinations. However, in the study’s experiments, escape, self-presentation, and social plkkresence were the most important factors that affected tourists’ behaviors.

Entrepreneurial Climate in India, China and the USA

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in the process of wealth creation and improving the standard of living of the people through large-scale employment generation. So this study aims to identify the critical factors among the entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFC) and entrepreneurial behaviour and attitudes (EBAA) in enhancing the entrepreneurship climate in the United States of America (USA), China and India. The data for the study is collected from GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) on EBAA and EFC. Exploratory factor analysis was attempted initially to reduce the EBAA and EFC data into manageable factors. Further, confirmatory factor analysis was attempted to cross-validate the results. Key Points: • The results unveil that the Public conditions and Business Promotions (EFC) in the USA are superior to India and China. At the same time, India lags behind both the USA and China. • Indian entrepreneurs are more optimistic and audacious than their Chinese counterparts. • The future of entrepreneurship in India depends on what measures the Government adopts today to strengthen the entrepreneurship framework conditions.

Reorganization of Diplomatic missions of the Russian Empire in North-East China During the Early XX Century: based on Materials from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire

In their article, author considers previously little-studied aspects of the activities of Russian diplomatic missions in China in the late XIX - early XX century in order to explore the features of the daily life of the consular offices of the Russian Empire in China. The study is based on the copies of the answers of the Russian consular office employees in Manchuria to the questionnaire compiled by a special Commission for the Reorganization of the Foreign Service under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1907. These documents are stored in the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, and have been introduced used publicly for scientific use for the first time here. From the available material, it is apparent that in addition to the difficult living conditions in unusual climate, Foreign Ministry officials in China faced a large number of domestic difficulties, a lack of working materials, and funding. Disagreements over the delimitation of consular districts and the powers of diplomats led to inconsistency in the activities of Russian consuls in China. Nevertheless, despite the difficulties, under any circumstances Russian diplomats remained committed to their duty and did their best in the interests of their state, at the same time striving to establish friendly and equal relations with their Chinese counter-parts.

The US-China Trade War: A Constructive Analysis of the Causes and Methods of De-Escalation

A Global Perspective on the US-China Trade War: Causes, Consequences, and Implications. The US-China trade war, ignited by the protectionist rhetoric of former President Donald Trump, has had profound implications for global economic relations. This paper seeks to examine the chronological development of the trade war, its underlying causes, and the far-reaching consequences it has had on the relationship between the two superpowers. Additionally, it explores the potential ramifications for the Indo-Pacific region and the dynamics of the US-Russia relationship.The trade war has emerged as a complex issue, with both the US and China resorting to retaliatory measures, resulting in a vicious cycle of tariffs and sanctions. Through a thorough investigation, this paper aims to shed light on the impact of these measures on the competitive advantage of American companies compared to their Chinese counterparts. Furthermore, it delves into China's countermeasures and their effects on the country's economy and industrial development.To ensure a comprehensive analysis, the paper draws on a thorough literature review, referencing various studies that explore the root causes and economic impact of the trade war. It places the trade war within its historical context, drawing parallels with past conflicts such as the US-Japan trade war, and examines the political motivations behind the current tension between the US and China.The analysis incorporates relevant statistical data, including trade deficit figures and the composition of imports and exports between the two nations. By doing so, it aims to paint a clear picture of the economic ramifications of the trade war on both countries and the global economy.In conclusion, the paper underscores the necessity of adopting a pragmatic and rational approach to address the US-China trade war. It advocates for both nations to seek common ground while setting aside their differences to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of innovation, industrial upgrading, and international collaborations for China's economic development amid the ongoing trade war.By presenting a comprehensive examination of the US-China trade war and its implications, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the global economic landscape and the critical need for constructive engagement between major economies.

The Younger, the TikToker: Investigating Social Media Ad Platforms for Young American and Chinese Users

With video-based social media platforms such as TikTok and Douyin gaining increasing popularity among young people, it is imperative for advertisers and social media practitioners to understand the role of these platforms before placing an advertisement. This experimental study examined four social media platforms (TikTok and Facebook for American users, and Douyin and WeChat for Chinese users) to analyze how young social media users perceive advertisements on each platform. The findings showed that social media users in the US are more critical of video advertisements on TikTok than on Facebook. In addition, the study found that American users are more generous than their Chinese counterparts while rating the personalities featured in advertised brands.

A Quantitative Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative

Purpose: The article aims to examine the effects of the Belt and Road Project (BRI) of China and its recent developments.
 Methodology: It does this by analyzing the effects Chinese investments have had on their largest beneficiaries. The article considers several factors such as transport, energy, and debt profiles of the countries after receiving aid under BRI.
 Findings: Through our analysis, we have found that the project is by far the most secure investment developing countries might have especially considering the diminishing aid of the USA and European countries. It is largely beneficial for both China and the beneficiaries encouraging economic growth. We have made our conclusions based on data reported through various research articles both domestic and international. These include but are not limited to papers from the SAIS-CARI website, the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), the World Bank, and the Boston University Energy Database.
 Recommendations: We recommend that in the future studies should be further conducted on the progress of BRI projects that have been started or planned in the future as well as the effects previous long-term investments are currently having on beneficiaries. Some research should also be conducted comparing the effectiveness of loans from the US and European countries when compared with Chinese counterparts

Sino-Foreign Co-Production in the Post-Pandemic Era: Effects of Policies on Facilitating Film Co-Production

At this symposium, I will present my research findings which explore the implications of film co-production policies for practitioners engaged in Sino-foreign co-production projects. The research is guided by the theoretical framework of Richard Peterson's production of culture perspective (2004) and John Thornton Caldwell's production culture (2008). Specifically, my presentation will concentrate on film policies and relevant industry documents that have direct relevance to film practitioners in the Australasian region. The dynamics of government relationships are likely to exert an influence on policy-making processes. New Zealand was the first Oceanic country to sign the Memorandum of Agreement with China on the Maritime Silk Road in early 2017. Since then, it has brought opportunities and challenges for New Zealand film industry practitioners. Six official co-production projects with China have been approved since 2019 (New Zealand Film Commission, 2023). For New Zealand film industry practitioners keen to collaborate with their Chinese counterparts in the post-pandemic era, the Belt and Road Initiative presents an opportunity to seize the advantages of the current times. Therefore, filmmakers in both countries should understand the impact of these policies on the Chinese film industry and Sino-foreign co-productions. This qualitative research collected primary data from semi-structured interviews with film practitioners from New Zealand, Australia, and China, and secondary data from documents, government policies, and reports, as well as publically available online industry interviews. A thematic analysis is conducted to examine the data and answering and exploring one of PhD research questions: what would industry policies and documents mean for film practitioners working in co-productions. My research finding shows, through acquiring comprehensive knowledge, film industry practitioners can make informed choices and select collaboration methods that align with the needs of their projects, thus avoiding unnecessary complications or challenges.

OR13-02 Ethnic Variation In Non-vertebral Major Osteoporotic Fractures Among US Asian/Pacific Islander Men

Abstract Disclosure: C.E. Chu: None. M. Chandra: None. N.P. Gordon: None. D.W. Zeltser: None. C. Lee: None. J.A. Darbinian: None. J.C. Lo: None. Background: Our recent characterization of hip fracture incidence among Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) adults compared Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and South Asian adults and found that South Asian men had a higher incidence of hip fracture compared to Chinese men, but Japanese and Filipino men did not. However, published data pertaining to major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) risk remain limited. We now further examine the incidence of non-vertebral MOF among Asian/PI men, including findings by Asian subgroup. METHODS: We used data from a previously reported retrospective cohort of 188,328 Asian/PI men in an integrated healthcare delivery system who were age ≥50y during 2000-2019. Asian/PI subgroups examined included 41,862 Chinese, 45,779 Filipino, 13,322 South Asian, and 7,838 Japanese men (the four largest Asian/PI subgroups among men and women), with the remaining 79,527 Asian/PI men comprising 8,293 Vietnamese, 3,500 other Southeast Asian, 6,629 Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI), 3,132 Korean, 451 Central Asian, and 57,522 of multiple or unspecified Asian/PI ethnicity. Incident non-vertebral MOF was defined as the first hip, humerus, or wrist fracture identified by ICD diagnosis codes during follow up to 2021. Age adjusted fracture incidence [with 95% CI] was calculated using weights from the 2010 US Census. Log-Poisson regression was used to determine fracture incidence rate ratios (IRR) with Chinese adults as reference, adjusting for age and calendar year. RESULTS: Among 188,328 Asian/PI men (aged 55.3 ± 7.8 years at entry), 1501 experienced hip (43.3%), humerus (16.3%), or wrist (37.4%) fracture, or >1 of these non-vertebral MOFs (3.0%) during follow-up, with mean age 71.0 ± 13.0 years at the time of incident fracture. The age-adjusted incidence of non-vertebral MOF for Asian/PI men was 1.18 [1.12-1.25] per 1000 person-years overall but varied among the major Asian/PI subgroups: 1.19 [1.08-1.29] for Chinese, 1.00 [0.88-1.12] for Filipino, 1.51 [1.28-1.77] for Japanese, and 2.01 [1.67-2.41] for South Asian men per 1000 person-years. Compared to Chinese men, the IRR for non-vertebral MOF were 0.83 [0.72-0.95] for Filipino, 1.21 [1.01-1.44] for Japanese, and 1.84 [1.54-2.20] for South Asian, and 0.89 [0.77-1.03] for all other Asian/PI men, including those with unspecified ethnicity. Conclusions: The majority of non-vertebral MOF occurred at the hip and wrist among men. When comparing fracture incidence across major Asian/PI subgroups, the largest difference in non-vertebral MOF incidence was seen among South Asian men compared to their Chinese counterparts, consistent with previous hip fracture findings. Japanese men also had somewhat higher incidence of MOF, while Filipino men had lower incidence. Future studies are needed to examine whether differences are evident in other Asian/PI subgroups and whether there are differences in clinical outcome after non-vertebral MOF fracture. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Transnational media production from the margins of “Cultural China”: the case of Singapore’s media producers

Transnational media production from the margins of “Cultural China”: the case of Singapore’s media producers

A cross-cultural comparison of organizational culture: evidence from academic libraries in Vietnam and China

Purpose This study aims to inspect the organizational culture of academic libraries in Vietnam and China, and the objective was to investigate how the academic libraries in Vietnam and China differ in organizational culture’s task, unity and status orientations. Design/methodology/approach This study surveyed 546 academic library staff in China and Vietnam to fulfill this objective. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and paired t-tests are used to explore whether the organizational culture in the academic libraries in Vietnam and China is different in terms of task orientation, unity orientation and status orientation. Findings The results from the data concluded that academic libraries in Vietnam had a higher score on task and status orientations than their Chinese counterparts. In this study, there were no coherent factors regarding unity orientation. Practical implications This research expresses several solutions to address the problems in academic libraries in Vietnam and China. Scholars and practitioners can benefit from this research as it is a foundation to support them in understanding the organizational culture of libraries in two countries. Originality/value This research expands the scope of organizational culture literature in the Asian library sector. Given that no prior studies have compared the library cultures between the two countries, this study is a novelty. The findings of this research can support academic library staff, leaders and practitioners in Vietnam and China to understand their organizational culture. The research also identifies some recommendations to improve the academic library culture in Vietnam and China.

The impact of differential risk disclosures: Evidence from cross-listed firms in China and Hong Kong

We hand-collect and process mandatory risk disclosures from the annual reports of firms that are cross-listed in both the Chinese and Hong Kong stock markets from 2009 to 2015. We examine differential risk disclosure practices and find that the Hong Kong-based annual reports include risk disclosures that are significantly more negative than the Chinese-based annual reports for the same cross-listed firms. During this period, the Chinese regulatory authorities mandated an increase in the risk disclosures of these cross-listed firms. We then compare the impact of this 2012 regulatory change on Hong Kong investors with that of Chinese investors for the same cross-listed firms. Our results show that Hong Kong investors are more likely to improve their risk perceptions following the enhanced mandatory disclosures than their Chinese counterparts. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in mandatory risk disclosures will have significantly different effects on distinct investor groups.

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and the performativity of sport nationalism: Taiwanese identity and online mobilization

ABSTRACT This essay examines how Taiwanese national identity was performed on social media during the postponed Tokyo Olympics 2020. Taiwan achieved its best-ever medal tally, leading to the emergence of a new form of sport nationalism. Athletes' off-field behaviors, including diverse gender expressions, distinguished them not only from their Chinese counterparts but also from previous generations of Taiwanese athletes. Badminton, weightlifting, and table tennis athletes became the “proxy warriors” of Taiwan, showcasing the democratic and diverse nature of Taiwanese society. The Tokyo Olympics, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions, became a battleground for ideologies, with the complex relationships among Taiwan, China, and Japan setting the backdrop for narratives. To depart from traditional research on official national discourses, this essay employs critical discourse analysis (CDA) by examining Facebook content and comments on news reports related to Taiwanese Olympians. This essays argues that Taiwan's cyber civil society has developed a flexible strategy to counter China's aggression on the internet. Taiwanese online mobilization demonstrated self-control, creativity, and adaptability, establishing a unique Taiwanese identity during the Tokyo Olympics in the midst of the pandemic.

The development of Chinese air express integrators

Despite the significance of the China e-commerce economy and the rapidly increasing air express service, there are few publications on the development of Chinese integrators that are significant contributors to the e-commerce boom. This research explores the network development of China’s three integrators, namely, SF Express, TYO Express and China Post, and assesses the evolution of the networks during the pandemic period with the assistance of the complex network theory. It has been found that their networks underwent great development one year after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Their domestic networks are compared with the networks of the world-class integrators in the EU. It appears that the Chinese integrators operate networks with both hub-and-spoke and point-to-point features at their principal hubs (Hangzhou and Shenzhen of SF express, and Nanjing of China Post). SF Express' network in the Chinese domestic market demonstrates different topological features from the ones of its Chinese counterparts and the foreign integrators in Europe, with fewer one-way flights and at a higher density.

The Trend of the Burden of Allergic Rhinitis Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in the Urban Population of Perak, Malaysia.

This study aims to determine the trend of allergic rhinitis (AR) prevalence in a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2022, and to compare its prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving the extraction of all Malaysian patients' medical records who were diagnosed with AR and attended the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of a government-funded tertiary hospital in Malaysia between 2017 and 2022. 3,744 cases out of the 57,968 first-encounter outpatient visits to the otorhinolaryngology clinic were extracted for analysis. Overall, the prevalence of AR cases ranged from 1.83 to 9.23% between 2017 and 2022. There was a significant drop of 21.38 to 70.22% between the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001). Males (0.34 to 1.60%) were more prevalent in the 6 to 18 year old than females (0.09 to 1.23%). The trend shifted with age, whereby females (0.50 to 2.45%) experienced a higher prevalence than males (0.21 to 1.77%) as they aged from 19 to 59. The Malay (1.01 to 4.59%) demonstrated a two-time higher prevalence than the Chinese (0.30 to 2.01%) and Indian (0.40 to 2.14%) ethnicities. After stratifying by gender and ethnicity, Indian women (0.17 to 1.09%) had a higher rate of AR than their Chinese counterparts (0.12 to 0.99%) across all years. The AR prevalence consistently ranged from 8.14 to 9.23% pre-pandemic. A remarkable drop was observed post-pandemic, ranging from 1.83 to 6.40%. A gender shift from male to female predominance as age progressed. The Malay had the highest prevalence of AR.

Chinese Thought and Transcendentalism: Ecology, Place and Conservative Radicalism

My central claim is that resonances between Transcendentalist and Chinese philosophies are so strong that the former cannot be adequately appreciated without the latter. I give attention to the Analects, the Mengzi and the Tiantai Lotus Sutra, which Transcendentalists read. Because there was conceptual sharing across Chinese traditions, plus evidence suggesting Transcendentalists explored other texts, my analysis includes discussions of Daoism and Weishi, Huayan and Chan Buddhism. To name just some similarities between the targeted outlooks, Transcendentalists adopt something close to wu-wei or effortless action; though hostile to hierarchy, they echo the Confucian stress on rituals or habits; Thoreau’s individualistic libertarianism is moderated by a radical causal holism found in many Chinese philosophies; and variants of Chinese Buddhism get close to Transcendentalist metaphysics and epistemologies, which anticipate radical embodied cognitive science. A specific argument is that Transcendentalists followed some of their Chinese counterparts by conserving the past and converting it into radicalism. A meta-argument is that ideas were exchanged via trade from Europe through North Africa to Western Asia and India into the Far East, and contact with Indigenous Americans led to the same. This involved degrees of misrepresentation, but it nonetheless calls upon scholars to adopt more global approaches.

Специфика построения цепочек прагматических маркеров при переводе русских художественных текстов на китайский язык

Introduction. Russian writers quite actively use pragmatic markers (PM) to create a speech portrait of a particular character. At the same time, studies have shown that Russian PMs are characterized by increased syntagmatic activity and tend to appear in text not alone but in ‘company’ with other similar units. Goals. The study seeks to analyze the methods employed to translate PM chains contained in Russian literary texts into Chinese — through the example of the markers eto, eto samoe and kak yego (yeyo, ikh). Materials and methods. The paper analyzes a total of 19 contexts from 8 Russian fiction works included in the main subcorpus of the National Russian Corpus — and their Chinese translations. The work employs purposeful sampling, as well as contextual, comparative and discursive types of analysis. Results. The study shows that the Russian eto samoe has no absolute Chinese equivalent in terms of form and function, which presents big challenges for translators. Only few of the latter were able to translate eto samoe using the Chinese counterparts 这个 zhe ge or 那个 na ge. Structural variants of the Russian pragmatic markers eto and kak yego (yeyo, ikh) are often found both in literary texts and Russian oral (live) speech. Translators easily associate the pragmatic marker kak yego (yeyo, ikh) with the full-value expression kak yego (yeyo, ikh) zovut/nazyvajut performing the same search-hesitation function, and the pragmatic marker eto with its Chinese counterparts 这个 zhe ge or 那个 na ge. As a result, when it comes to translate PM chains with the components kak yego (yeyo, ikh) and eto, functional equivalence is achieved much easier than in case of PM chains with the component eto samoe. Conclusions. The ability of pragmatic markers to ‘attract’ to each other further complicates both the procedure of their identification in a text and their translation into other languages.

How to avoid nuclear war with China

ABSTRACT The United States is in a developing military confrontation with China over Taiwan. China has built long-distance precision strike missiles to prevent US Navy task forces from participating effectively. The early Cold War confrontation between the Soviet Union and United States over West Berlin provides a relevant precedent. There is a significant probability a war between China and the United States could escalate to nuclear threats or even use. Recently, China has launched a major buildup of its nuclear forces. It is urgent that the two countries launch talks on nuclear arms control, both to prevent a nuclear arms race and to reassure each other that both want to avoid a nuclear conflict. Citizens should reengage with their governments to urge alternatives to a new nuclear arms race, and US scientists should brainstorm with their Chinese counterparts about nuclear risks and risk reduction.

Comparison of acupuncture education, policies and regulations in South Africa and mainland China

This review compares the landscape of acupuncture higher education in South Africa and mainland China, addressing the question of whether South African acupuncture programs meet international standards, particularly in comparison to their Chinese counterparts. The study explores critical aspects such as the position of acupuncture in the national higher education system, board examinations, core curricula, degree awards, and the integration of acupuncture into national healthcare systems. Divergences are noted in board examinations and continuing professional development, with China requiring comprehensive assessments for registration and imposing annual continuing education credits. The study reveals differences in the scope of practice, influenced by regulatory frameworks and curricula structures. While South Africa faces challenges in establishing acupuncture as a mainstream profession, China has a well-established system with widespread recognition, research funding, and integration into the national healthcare system. The review concludes with recommendations for international collaboration, increased research funding, quality assurance, integration into public healthcare, ongoing professional development, diversification of programs, advocacy for recognition, collaborative conferences, public awareness campaigns, and long-term planning to further elevate acupuncture education in both South Africa and the broader global context.

Understanding African journalistic agency in China–Africa media interactions: The case of Kenya

Drawing on field observations and extensive interviews, this study investigates how Kenyan media practitioners exercise their agency when interacting with Chinese stakeholders. When dealing with Chinese stakeholders or China-related stories, Kenyan media practitioners developed three strategies to exercise their journalistic agency: (a) situational negotiation, (b) collective reflection, and (c) resistance, through which they have approached, negotiated with, and resisted their relations with their Chinese counterparts. This article challenges the misconceptions that Chinese media organizations always hold a powerful position vis-à-vis African media organizations, and that African agents are dependents or innocent victims with neither agency nor creativity.