Chinese Authorities Research Articles

Wish fulfilment or wishful thinking? – Assessing the outcomes of China's pilot carbon emissions trading scheme on green economy efficiency in China's cities

Chinese authorities revived emission trading scheme in carbon emission (CETS) to address increasingly confliction between climate deterioration and economic growth. Therefore, we adopt the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to estimate the policy outcomes of the CETS on urban green economy efficiency relying on prefecture-year panel data from 2009 to 2019 in China. The results indicate that the implementation of CETS can significantly encourage pilot urban green economy efficiency, which remain credible after experiencing several robustness tests. Notably, channel analysis suggests that the pilot regional green economy efficiency (GEE) can be enhanced by the implementation of CETS through boosting technological innovation. Nevertheless, the CETS cannot promote industrial structure upgrading. Instead, its implementation has exacerbated industrial transfers, confirming the Pollution Haven Hypothesis existing between pilot and non-pilot regions. Unexpectedly, the moderating effect analysis reveals that market mechanisms responding with price mechanisms and scale effects fail to significantly promote urban GEE. Conversely, government intervention significantly contributes to the favourable outcomes of CETS on urban GEE. Additionally, we also reveal that CETS could achieve negative spillover effects on GEE for neighboring cities. Overall, our work has enriched research on the green economy effects of the CETS, systematically elucidating its operational mechanism.

Sustainable Economic Development in China: Balancing Growth and Environmental Concerns

Purpose: Over the last three decades, China’s economy has grown remarkably, ranking second in the world among all countries. China’s market-oriented policies, which give priority to economic development, are credited with the country’s economic boom. China’s remarkable economic growth in recent years has had a significant effect on the environmental balance of the nation. Presently, Chinese authorities must address environmental issues without impeding the nation’s progress. Even though China’s economy has expanded quickly since reforms and the opening up, the country’s environmental degradation issue has gotten more serious.Examine China’s current strategies for economic development and their effects on environmental sustainability and economic growth.The dynamic connects between the highlighted factors (renewable consumption of energy, economic expansion, oil rent, and resources of all kinds) and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions—a proxy for environmental sustainability—is examined in this article using China as an example.The findings of an empirical study using every year data from 2018 to 2022 and the auto-regressive distribution lag limits technique point to the existence of a long-run equilibrium link between each of the variables highlighted and greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, since they have a negative impact on greenhouse gas emissions, the usage of renewable energy sources and petroleum rents contribute to ecological sustainability.In conclusion, China’s commitment to sustainability may benefit from some of the remedies this paper’s results suggest. This study demonstrates the useful use of New Structure Economy in a crucial industrial area in China, adding to the body of knowledge on sustainability in the environment and economic development.

The Eurasian Space in Chinese Official and Academic Discourses

The «Belе and Road Initiative» (BRI), proposed by China, marked a new phase in its external openness and growing desire to influence regional and global processes. However, BRI should not be viewed solely as a Chinese blueprint for restructuring Eurasia. The broad interpretative and geographical scope set by Chinese authorities allows flexibility in adapting the initiative to specific regions and countries, which is strategic for modifying or withdrawing commitments as needed. This paper examines why BRI has not become the foundation for a Chinese concept of Eurasia despite its significant impact on regional geopolitics.Our analysis begins with a critical examination of President Xi Jinping's speech at Nazarbayev University in 2013, identifying the nuanced usage of «Eurasia» that primarily refers to the post-Soviet space rather than the entire Eurasian continent. We delve into the subsequent official documents, noting the delay and ambiguity in defining the geographical and conceptual boundaries of BRI. The 2015 document, "Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road," illustrates the initiative's extensive and vague geographical scope, indicating that China did not initially aim for a broad Eurasian strategy.By employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we uncover how China's official rhetoric strategically frames BRI. The analysis reveals that Chinese discourse emphasizes bilateral rather than multilateral engagements within Eurasia, reflecting a «point-to-point» rather than a networked approach. This strategic ambiguity allows China to navigate its relationships with key regional players, notably Russia and the Central Asian states, without committing to a comprehensive Eurasian integration framework.The findings highlight the cautious and adaptive nature of China's engagement with Eurasia. The shift from a regional to a global scope in BRI discourse underscores China's pragmatic approach in balancing its regional ambitions with global aspirations.

Navigating climate challenges: Focusing on the effectiveness of natural resource rents, fintech, green finance, environmental quality, and digitalisation

China indeed has made great efforts to maintain environmental quality. However, it should be noted that climate challenges normally emerge when certain nations heavily depend on non-renewable resources to meet energy demands. It is quite difficult to reduce the dependency because such economies are ranked as a major importer of fossil fuel resources. This means, pollution and emission rates in subsequent economies are increasing with the passage of time. The spontaneous fintech growth and financial inclusion, natural resource volatility and increasing economic activities in China have triggered vicious climate challenges. Therefore, the study intends to explore the relationship between fintech, financial inclusion, green finance, natural resource rent and environmental quality in China over the time period of 1998–2022. Using ARDL technique, it was found that fintech, financial inclusion and green finance enhance environmental quality, whereas natural resource rents are responsible of degrading environmental quality. Therefore, Chinese authorities should use resources related to green finance to facilitate fintech industry. Besides, blending fintech solutions such as NFTs and cryptocurrencies with traditional financing for environmental sustainability, there is also a need to establish standard laws and procedrues for these products.

Citizenization or Talent Recruitment? The Development of China’s Points-Based Hukou Channels

ABSTRACT Points-based channels for accessing urban citizenship (hukou) have spread in a context where the Chinese central authorities have sought to facilitate migrant workers’ access to hukou, a process named ‘citizenization’ (shiminhua). This multicase study analyses policy documents, media coverages, commercial agencies’ explanations and migrants’ online comments to retrace the development of points-based hukou channels between 2010 and 2022 in seven Chinese megacities. Although points-based hukou channels were initially meant for fostering migrant ‘citizenization’, they have been increasingly used for recruiting the most desirable migrants, so-called ‘talents’. Intended to facilitate the urban integration of long-term ordinary migrant workers, the new points-based channels used criteria related to length of residence instead of mainly level of economic capital. However, adapting to guidelines imposed from the central or provincial governments while pursuing their own interests, municipal governments have made the channels more selective and more complex over the years. The discrepancy between the hopes generated by the promise of citizenization through points-based channels and the complexity of their workings and selectivity generates disappointment, and gives rise to many complaints voiced by ordinary citizens.

Nationwide law enforcement impact on the pet bird trade in China

Conservation enforcement is a direct strategy to combat illegal wildlife trade in open markets. Yet, its large-scale effectiveness has not been widely assessed due to the lack of extensive market data. Between August 2016 and June 2017, a national coordinated enforcement campaign led by the leading Chinese authority to combat illegal migratory bird trade coincided with the largest-ever pet bird market survey across China by voluntary birdwatchers before and after the enforcement, which served as a unique natural experiment. Across 73 markets from 22 Chinese provinces, the dataset contains 140,723 birds of 346 species from 48 families and recorded a drastic decline in bird abundance traded after enforcement. Notably, species protected under China's Wildlife Protection Law declined significantly, while commercially bred species increased, although responses to enforcement were spatially heterogeneous. Our model showed that the national protection level was the best predictor for the trend of traded species, even after accounting for confounding factors such as regional baseline enforcement pressure and wild native bird populations. However, the widely traded native songbirds were not offered adequate national protection. Future policies should consider the pet bird trade patterns, target key areas of trade, and develop a more systematic market survey design to monitor trade.

Homeschooling among Urban Chinese Protestants: A Descriptive Study

Abstract As individualized education increases in popularity, homeschooling likewise garners more attention from Chinese middle-class families. Over the past decade, the number of families choosing homeschooling has increased annually. However, most homeschooling Chinese Protestants wish to focus on the cultivation of beliefs, character, and values in the education of their children. In their eyes, homeschooling provides the best way to transmit cultural heritage. Homeschooling brings with it many challenges and difficulties in the daily lives of Chinese Protestants: cross-pressure from traditional Chinese culture systems, opposition from parents and other family members, conflicts with mainstream educational institutions, and power struggles with Chinese secular authorities. Moreover, educational resources, guides, and materials for Chinese homeschooling families are scarce, thus leaving homeschooling families to grope in the dark. The biggest deterrent to them is the disqualification of their children from taking college entrance examinations because homeschooled children lack the requisite status to enroll as official students. Thus, the role conflicts among Chinese, Christian, pariah, and legal deviant statuses pose considerable tensions for parents and children. This paper offers insight into these issues through qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 50 respondents from urban Chinese Protestant families that had previously been screened through a brief survey instrument.

Research On Guqin Composition In Mainland China In The 1950s And 1960s: Some Works Of Yu Shaoze [喻绍泽

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, a group of guqin players from the folk were integrated into official music research and educational institutions. Under the guidance of the cultural policies advocated by the new regime, they created a considerable number of new guqin compositions that reflected the characteristics of the times. This paper primarily focuses on the historical and morphological study of nine guqin pieces composed by Yu Shaoze [喻绍泽] (1903-1988), the earliest professional guqin music teacher in the west China, between 1956 and 1966.In the historical research section, the article examines the historical context of these works from two perspectives: the personal circumstances of the guqin player and the socio-political atmosphere in China. In the musicological research section, the article studies these works within the author-work relationship to investigate how the guqin player's performance experience shaped the forms of these compositions. Simultaneously, it explores how the author responded to the political demands and tastes of the Chinese authorities regarding music compositions during the 1950s and 1960s in his creative process.

Traditional Chinese Medicine as the Preventive and Therapeutic Remedy for COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still has tremendous impacts on the global socio-economy and quality of living. The traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) approach showed encouraging results during previous outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). With limited treatment availability, TCM herbs and formulations could be useful to reduce COVID-19 symptoms and potential sources for discovering novel therapeutic targets. We reviewed 12 TCM herbs and formulations recommended for COVID-19 management by the National Health Commission and as National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China. This article explored the Chinese national authorities' guidelines from 2003 to 2020, the scientific data in public databases for the recommended TCM remedies, and their potential mechanistic actions in COVID-19 management. Several TCM herbs and formulations could potentially benefit COVID-19 management. The recommended TCM oral preparations list includes Huoxiang zhengqi, Jinhua Qinggan, Lianhua Qingwen, and Shufeng jiedu; the recommended injection preparations comprise Xiyanping Xuebijing, Re-Du-Ning, Tanreqing, Xingnaojing, Shenfu, Shengmai, and Shenmai. TCM remedies are viable options for symptom alleviation and management of COVID-19. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents an opportunity to find novel therapeutic targets from TCM-active ingredients. Despite the recommendations in Chinese National guidelines, these remedies warrant further assessments in well-designed clinical trials to ascertain their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.

Prospects for the Integration of China and the CSTO

Modern challenges, packages of European and American sanctions, and a special military operation in Ukraine have contributed to Russia’s reorientation to the East, not only in trade, economic and energy terms. The issue of military-political cooperation, in particular, between the countries of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the People’s Republic of China has acquired particular relevance. The coherence of their actions both in the direction of “CSTO + 1” and “CSTO + Shanghai Cooperation Organization” contributed to the development of interaction, a new round in the development of the CSTO, although some of its participants declare the possibility of leaving the Treaty (Armenia). But there are also countries that are ready to take a more active part in its work (Syria, North Korea). At the same time, none of the CSTO countries sent their military contingents to support the Russian army in the Northern Military District.The Central Asian region occupies a special place in the system of relations between the CSTO and China: for example, the peacekeeping operation of the CSTO countries in Kazakhstan in January 2022 attracted the close attention of the Chinese authorities, which once again demonstrated their interest in regional stability. In the context of American pressure on China, its authorities have repeatedly spoken positively about jointly countering such challenges as terrorism, separatism and extremism (“three evils”).The purpose of this work is to assess the prospects for cooperation in the field of countering the “three evils”. To achieve this goal, the authors use the comparative analysis method and SWOT assessment. The authors come to the concluson that since the CSTO countries and China face similar challenges, there is a possibility of situational involvement of China in the military operations of the CSTO. Therefore, a broader consideration of the “linkage” between the CSTO and the SCO is required.

Face Mask Recognition-based Door Lock Mechanism Using HaarCascade, Mediapipe, and Arduino

On 12 January 2020 Chinese authorities shared the sequence of a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since then COVID-19 pandemic had rapidly affected our day-to-day life disrupting world trade and movements. Wearing face masks is one of the preventive measures recommended by health authorities to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets containing viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19. Therefore, Many regions and organizations have implemented regulations or guidelines mandating the use of face masks in specific settings. This Python-based Machine Learning project provides an automated way to monitor whether individuals in a given environment are wearing masks or not. Pre-trained Haar Cascade files are used to detect the facial features and provide a signal to the Arduino controller to lock/unlock the door. Keywords — Python, Face Mask, Door Lock, Haar Cascade, Covid-19

Unveiling Public Perception and Interpretation of China’s National Self-Image: Analyzing Chinese Online Commentary Data

This research study aims to address the oversight in previous studies that focused on constructing China’s image through the media without investigating how audiences perceive and interpret that depiction. This study aims to investigate how Chinese internet users perceive China’s self-image to understand Chinese citizens’ attitudes and reactions to political propaganda circulated by Chinese authorities online more effectively. To achieve this, we have chosen “This is China,” an online political program that presents China’s self-image. A total of 60,648 comments were collected and analyzed. For the analysis, T-LDA, Sentiment Analysis, and Semantic Network Analysis were employed. The study reveals six significant factors: Real-Life Stress, Patriotic Sentiment, Rational Emotion, Program Style, Presenter’s Public Persona, and Ironic Remarks, all of which shape the public’s perception of China’s image. Specifically, the study finds that Patriotism and Program Style have a positive influence on the audience’s perception, while the other factors hinder a favorable interpretation of the nation’s image.

Effectiveness of hierarchical medical system and economic growth: based on China's urban vs. rural health perspectives.

The hierarchical medical system is an important measure to promote equitable healthcare and sustain economic development. As the population's consumption level rises, the demand for healthcare services also increases. Based on urban and rural perspectives in China, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the hierarchical medical system and its relationship with economic development in China. The study analyses panel data collected from Chinese government authorities, covering the period from 2009 to 2022. According to China's regional development policy, China is divided into the following regions: Eastern, Middle, Western, and Northeastern. Urban and rural component factors were downscaled using principal component analysis (PCA). The factor score formula combined with Urban-rural disparity rate (ΔD) were utilized to construct models for evaluating the effectiveness of the hierarchical medical system from an urban-rural perspective. A Vector Autoregression model is then constructed to analyze the dynamic relationship between the effects of the hierarchical medical system and economic growth, and to predict potential future changes. Three principal factors were extracted. The contributions of the three principal factors were 38.132, 27.662, and 23.028%. In 2021, the hierarchical medical systems worked well in Henan (F = 47245.887), Shandong (F = 45999.640), and Guangdong (F = 42856.163). The Northeast (ΔDmax = 18.77%) and Eastern region (ΔDmax = 26.04%) had smaller disparities than the Middle (ΔDmax = 49.25%) and Western region (ΔDmax = 56.70%). Vector autoregression model reveals a long-term cointegration relationship between economic development and the healthcare burden for both urban and rural residents (βurban = 3.09, βrural = 3.66), as well as the number of individuals receiving health education (β = -0.3492). Both the Granger causality test and impulse response analysis validate the existence of a substantial time lag between the impact of the hierarchical medical system and economic growth. Residents in urban areas are more affected by economic factors, while those in rural areas are more influenced by time considerations. The urban rural disparity in the hierarchical medical system is associated with the level of economic development of the region. When formulating policies for economically relevant hierarchical medical systems, it is important to consider the impact of longer lags.

A NARRATIVE ON OVERSEAS LISTINGS BY CHINESE FIRMS

Overseas listings by domestic firms are one of the ways for a country to attract foreign capital. China leads the world in the number and value of overseas listings. This paper documents the evolution of Chinese firms’ initial public offerings outside mainland China. We pay special attention to the role of the listing criteria of various exchanges in this evolution. We discuss important reforms of the listing requirements in both mainland and Hong Kong and their effects on the listing location choices by Chinese firms. Finally, we examine the delisting pressure on Chinese stocks from the US exchanges from both the Chinese and US authorities.

Suffering in Silence: The Uyghur Muslim Tragedy as a Symbol of Global Injustice

This is a research paper that delve into instances of the violation of Human rights that is continuously going on in the Xinjiang Region of People's Republic of China since 1950s and the process has escalated from 2015-16 where the Uyghur and other ethic population are being oppressed by the Chinese Authority by oppressive policies introduced by them, such as the "re-education camps" etc.

Percutaneous renal denervation in the management of hypertension: Chinese expert scientific statement

Hypertension constitutes a critical risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Despite the effectiveness of lifestyle adjustments and medications in blood pressure (BP) management, the hypertension control rates remain inadequate. Percutaneous renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a forward-looking and evidence-supported interventional modality for the improvement of BP regulation and enhancement of hypertension control. Comprehensive evidence from randomized, sham-controlled clinical trials supports the sustained the efficacy and satisfactory safety profile of RDN in lowing BP. This scientific statement, endorsed by Chinese authorities, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of global and national clinical evidence on RDN. It seeks to highlight the therapeutic advancements of RDN, articulate expert consensus and recommendations for its utilization in hypertension management. Through the promotion of structured, safe, and standardized incorporation of RDN into clinical practice, this statement strives to optimize hypertension treatment within the Chinese medical community.

Socio-Economic Development of Tibet in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010). Part 9

The 11th Five-year Plan of the People's Republic of China was an important stage in the socio-economic development of both the whole of China and the TAR in its composition. The plan set an annual GDP growth rate of 7.5 %, which actually exceeded 10 %. Tibet, on the other hand, was developing at a rate of more than 12 % per year. During the five-year plan, Tibet experienced many serious trials: a series of powerful earthquakes that claimed thousands of lives. In 2008, when China was preparing to host the Olympic Games in Beijing in August, Western intelligence agencies provoked an uprising in Lhasa on March 18. The leaders of France (in 2008) and the United States (in 2010) distinguished themselves by provocations against China, meeting with the Dalai Lama, despite the vigorous objections of the Chinese authorities. Nevertheless, Britain officially recognized Tibet for the first time as an autonomous region within the PRC. Significant achievements have been made in the development of transport in the region and especially aviation. Tibet remained one of the twelve least developed western regions of the People's Republic of China, but its economy continued to develop dynamically. The authority of Tibet in the world community has significantly increased, one of the manifestations of this was the great success of Tibet at the world Exhibition in Shanghai in 2010.

The Evolution of the Russian Diaspora in Northeast China (Late 19th – Mid‑20th Centuries)

Based on the fundamental statement that the Russian immigrant community in Northeast China in the late nineteenth – mid-twentieth centuries was a diaspora, this article examines the process of transformation of the nature of the Russian diaspora and the peculiarities of its functioning at certain stages of its existence. The research is based on the conceptual ideas of Imperial and Diaspora Studies. There are four stages of the existence of the Russian diaspora in Manchuria, which differ in the nature of the interaction of Russian immigrants with a foreign cultural environment, due to the sociolegal, economic, and political situation of the diaspora, as well as sociopolitical and sociocultural conditions of the living environment. The Russian immigrant community was formed as an imperial diaspora during the period of Russian domination in Manchuria. Despite the decline of the political and legal status and the marginalization in the early 1920s and later the split into politically antagonistic Soviet and Emigrant colonies, the diaspora retained elements of imperial consciousness and the desire for national and cultural autonomy. In the case of the Soviet colony, this was accompanied by attempts at a new “imperial” expansion in the form of Sovietization of the former alienated zone of the CER. In its turn, focused on the Sinification of the former alienated zone, the policy of the Chinese authorities led to a conflict of interests and hindered the process of integration of Russian immigrants, which was already complicated by the cultural and religious alienation of the living environment. The capture of Manchuria by the Japanese and the creation of the state of Manchukuo, which led to the disappearance of the Soviet colony, actualised the problem of the Russian diaspora’s integration into the multinational community of Manchukuo. Implemented within the framework of the Japanese pan-Asian national policy, the integration led to the strengthening of national defence tendencies and a significant numerical decline of the Russian diaspora. After 1945, the Russian diaspora, which was subjected to political repression, experienced intensive Sovietization and turned into an instrument of Soviet policy in Northeast China. The history of the diaspora ended with mass repatriation and remigration of 1954–1961.

The Double Identities of the Shaman and the Dualistic Attitudes of the State: An Exploration of Contemporary Organizational Shamanism in Northeast China

This paper presents a case study of the first shamanic organization in China and argues that organizational shamanism in Northeast China is characterized by the double identities of the shaman and the dualistic attitudes of the national authorities. The analyses in this paper reveal how the shamanic organization created a modernized and globalized space for traditional shamans and specialists to connect with the outside world, enabling them to gain empowerment, legitimacy, and agency. Chinese authorities hold dualistic attitudes towards shamanism: the positive attitude of seeing shamanism as part of cultural heritage has always been coupled with the negative attitude of seeing shamanism as superstition. The studies in this paper demonstrate that organizational shamanism in Northeast China has played a crucial role in negotiating with political authorities and linking local traditions with global discourse. In this sense, the traditional eco-cosmological way of maintaining relationships with natural forces and nonhuman beings has been irrevocably transformed into a cosmopolitical form for the shaman, where the animistic world engages with the outside world, global currency, and political forces.

Can asset‐backed securitisation reduce corporate leverage? Evidence from China

AbstractAlthough Chinese regulatory authorities view corporate asset‐backed securitisation as a powerful tool for deleveraging, its effectiveness remains unexamined. Employing a look‐through approach to data from nonfinancial corporate asset‐backed securitisation transactions in China, we identify the actual originators and examine the impact of corporate asset‐backed securitisation on their leverage ratios. Regrettably, we find that corporate asset‐backed securitisation significantly increases the leverage ratio. This result holds true across both state‐owned and non‐state‐owned enterprises, as well as large‐scale and small‐scale enterprises. Finally, this study reveals that the effect of corporate asset‐backed securitisation on the leverage ratio is partially mediated by internal financing capacity.