Partnerships In China Research Articles

Balance between affect and outcome control or face and behaviour control for better learning: evidence from Chinese engineering project team

Exploitative learning and exploratory learning are of great significance to the survival and long-term development of an organization. The former refers to the improvement of existing knowledge, skills and paradigms. The latter refers to the search for new knowledge, technology and experience. Therefore, the dual learning equilibrium (balance between exploitative learning and exploratory learning) is very important. However, for the engineering project organization, due to the pressure of cost and time cycle assessment, the engineering project organization is often more inclined to exploitative learning rather than exploratory learning. Therefore, how to realize the dual learning equilibrium (balance between exploitative learning and exploratory learning) of engineering project organization has become an urgent problem to be solved. Through formal control structures (outcome control vs. behaviour control) and guanxi (affect vs. face) can get the information needed by organizational dual learning (exploratory learning vs. exploitative learning), but whether the balance (formal control structures vs. guanxi) is still an effective strategy to promote dual learning equilibrium (balance between exploratory learning and exploitative learning) is still lack of theoretical and empirical support. It was examined assumptions related to how dual learning equilibrium is influenced by Guanxi and formal control structures equilibrium in project partnerships. Practically, this paper investigates the extent to which distinct components of Guanxi (i.e., affect and face) are differentially and interactively associated with outcome and behavioural controls on influencing ambidextrous learning equilibrium. Survey data were collected from 221 construction project partnerships in China. The results showed that both of the affect and behavioural controls have a positive impact on the ambidextrous learning equilibrium. Besides, the equilibrium between formal control structures and Guanxi can promote the ambidextrous learning equilibrium of the engineering project team. Compared with behavioural controls, the equilibrium between the affect and outcome controls has a stronger positive correlation with the ambidextrous learning equilibrium of the engineering project team. Compared with the outcome controls, the equilibrium of face and behavioural controls has a stronger positive correlation with the ambidextrous learning equilibrium of the engineering project team. However, the equilibrium between the affect and behavioural controls has no significant impact on the ambidextrous learning of the project team. On the whole, the two-pronged and balanced strategy is still effective for dual learning equilibrium, but it should avoid the balanced use of affect and behavioural controls. In addition, the affect plays a negative moderating role in the process of behavioural controls affecting ambidextrous learning equilibrium. Face plays a positive moderating role in the influence of formal control structures on ambidextrous learning equilibrium. These findings have important implications for firms hoping to facilitate the dual learning equilibrium in China and other countries.

PPPs in China: Does the Growth in Chinese PPPs Signal a Liberalising Economy?

ABSTRACT This study provides insight into the nature of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in China, a country that has invested more in PPPs than any other over the last two decades. It is puzzling that China, as a state-led economy, has turned to embrace PPPs. Pundits have taken this as evidence of a liberalising Chinese economy. However, our findings suggest that PPPs in China do not reflect a break from earlier, state-centric modes of governance; rather, the state essentially uses such partnerships as a mechanism to strengthen its own hand. We argue that the difference between how PPPs are being implemented in China compared to the West reflects differences in political economic contexts, both materially and ideologically. In both cases, the ambiguity surrounding the PPP model has been used to advance particular interests, serving as a reminder of both the ways in which power shapes the character of such policy tools and the differences in the relative power underpinning state-market relations in each context. By challenging mainstream interpretations of what PPPs are and what their proliferation means, studying the political economy of PPPs in a rising China further exposes the Western-centric nature of prevailing wisdom in political economy scholarship.

Legal Remedies for Public Private Partnerships in China

Although improving the quality and efficiency of public services, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are vulnerable to risks and disputes. Therefore, establishing effective legal remedies is of great significance to PPPs. In China, the existing regulations of remedies for PPPs have some problems, eg regarding aspects of the remedies’ subjects, triggering conditions, and methods. To improve PPPs’ legal remedies, the remedies’ subjects and triggering conditions should be broadened, the remedies’ methods should be reformed, and the applicable legal framework should be further improved. Keywords: public private partnerships, public procurement law, dispute resolution, legal remedies, China

The Present and Future of Russia–China Relations

This article analyzes the major trends in development of relations between Russia and China for the current period and the near-term future. The features of Russia–China partnership in the political-military sphere are presented as well as their interaction in different regions of the world, their bilateral trade, and economic, investment, and humanitarian cooperation. In addition, this article highlights the first steps made by the two countries for formation of Greater Eurasia within conjunction of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Chinese One Belt–One Road initiative.

Evaluating the regional social sustainability contribution of public‐private partnerships in China: The development of an indicator system

AbstractPublic–private partnerships (PPPs) have been increasingly adopted in China. Sustainability of PPPs has become a priority for a sustainable development of PPPs. Most prior studies focus on sustainable implementation of PPP projects. Few research efforts have been done to examine the impacts of PPPs to sustainability from an external perspective and a more macro geographical scale. Meanwhile, the social aspect of the sustainability of PPPs has not been widely studied. Therefore, this study aims to propose a social sustainability contribution evaluation system (SSCES) for PPPs to evaluate PPPs' contribution to regional social sustainability at the institutional level. An indicator system of the SSCES for PPPs was developed, which included 8 requirements for socially sustainable development and 33 social sustainability indicators. The weights of indicators were determined by using the analytic hierarchy process method. The results indicate that, in the context of China, promoting people‐oriented urbanization in PPPs can help enhance regional social sustainability. This study provides a useful evaluation tool for various stakeholders to evaluate the sustainability of PPPs from an institutional level, especially for local governments to review current PPP polices and make improvements.

Reclaiming the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Through the EU–China Partnership and Cooperation Agreement: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

This chapter traces the evolution of the EU–China strategic partnership, explores the role of a PCA in this partnership, and investigates major challenges facing the two parties for its successful conclusion. This chapter will focus on two dimensions of the proposed partnership: political and security; trade and economy. In the context of the political and security dimension, this chapter addresses the troubling relationship between sovereignty and human rights and the EU’s call for China’s collaboration in building a rules-based international order and advancing effective multilateralism. In the trade and economic dimension, this chapter examines China’s pursuit of MES and the EU’s demand for a transparent, open and predicable regulatory environment in China. This chapter then points to the difficulties in issue linkages or human rights prioritisation in the PCA negotiations, and probes whether a comprehensive investment agreement (CAI) constitutes a satisfactory alternative to the PCA.

How do university experts perform their boundary broker role to support teachers’ learning in the school-university partnership? An exploratory study in China

ABSTRACTThe school-university partnership is considered a promising approach to teachers’ learning. However, few studies have focused on the brokering practice of university experts and its potential influence on teachers’ learning. Employing two years’ longitudinal qualitative data from a small-scale partnership in China, this study explores from teachers’ perspective how university experts perform their boundary broker role to support teachers’ learning. Firstly, findings show that the university expert’s broker role has multiple facets ranging from resource linker, knowledge conveyor, translator and co-creator to learning network builder and authoritative judge. Secondly, the study discusses the connection between university experts’ brokering practice and teachers’ learning at multiple levels. Thirdly, the study re-examines the impact of university experts on teacher professionalism and stresses the significance of university experts’ competences to cross school-university boundaries. The paper concludes with several implications and the way forward for future study.

CHINA’S STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH LATIN AMERICA COUNTRIES: BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, AND VENEZUELA

The article has analyzed the introduction of China with strategic partners to the region of the country of Latin America, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. The main strands of spirituality are embarrassed. The pragmatic piddhid and the independent political and ideological likelihood are irrelevant for the basic principles of the vidnosiny among the Powers. Arriving at the helm in 2000 of the Livikh Regions rockets in most of the Latin American Latin countries, moreover, having settled the Chinese expansion in the region. In China, there are two types of strategic partnerships in China, one of which is the main type of partnership, the first, China-SELAC forum, another type of all-embracing character, this is the kind of presence in Brazil. Since 2013, Latin America has taken advantage of the “One belt and one hat” strategy in Latin America has borrowed more than one from China’s other priorities, and has called for significant investments in the region of the PRC before investing. Formu- lated business relations are the most prominent in China, China has lost its tactics, economic advantage over politics, the loss of business, China and Latin America is small in number. Especially Chinese-Brazilian vidnosin є tisne spіvrobіtnitstvo two krask in such bagatornіnіh formats, such as G 20, G-5 and BRICS. China before the arrival of J. Bolsonar, President of Brazil in 2019, having been a party to Brazil in the international arena, participating in a form of international order and new mechanisms in the global processes. Brazil will be indebted for the largest trading partner in the region, but the wiki will be reserved by the President of Brazil and I would like to talk about Brazil and Brazil. Vidnosini to China from Venezuela will rely on the following principles, as well as import to the Venezuelan nafti to China, leaving the remaining credit for the economic performance of Venezuela and N. Maduro.

Reciprocal Learning in the Partnership Project: From Knowing to Doing in Comparative Research Models

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to describe an international project aimed at building a knowledge base between Canada and China and beyond for cross-cultural educational understanding and harmonious relationships. The overall purpose of this work is to move beyond cross-cultural comparison and competition to collaborative reciprocity. Reciprocal learning is the guiding term for the Canada–China Partnership Project. The term is relatively commonplace and its deceptive simplicity veils important research and public discourse consequences. The Partnership Project, though not explicitly comparative in nature, draws heavily on the literature of comparative education, particularly with respect to methodology and understandings of Chinese and Canadian education. We describe four comparative education approaches which we think of as models of reciprocal learning across cultures. In the following remarks, we unpack these ideas of reciprocal learning as they apply to collaborative studies of Chinese and Canadian education. The models are assessed for their potential to generate collaborative teaching and learning situations with associated reciprocal learning.

The Rise of Public–Private Partnerships in China: An Effective Financing Approach for Infrastructure Investment?

Abstract The rise of public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in China has spurred heated debates about their purpose and effectiveness. This article traces the fluctuation of China's PPPs over several decades and finds that PPPs have played a supplementary role in China's infrastructure investment, as a response to the pressures of fiscal shortfalls and government debts. The resurgence of PPPs in recent years aims to bridge the infrastructure gap and alleviate ballooning local debts. These expectations, however, are hard to realize. China's PPPs mainly involve state‐owned enterprises and place increasing financial burdens on the government. The central government has taken measures to attract private sector investment to mitigate the financial risk, but the prospects for PPPs remain unclear.

Towards a Global Partnership Network: Implications, Evolution and Prospects of China's Partnership Diplomacy

In the past 25 years, partnership diplomacy has gradually become an indispensable component in China's grand diplomacy strategy. Between 1993 and the end of 2017, China established more than 100 partnerships with the outside world. To better understand the evolution of China's strategy for diplomacy we need to know how these partnerships are formed and what motivates China to foster its partnership network. Although the importance of this strategy has been identified, the current literature does not yet include significant study of China's partnership network. This article attempts to fill this gap by assessing existing literature on partnership and government documents, interpreting the diversified labels and grades of partnerships, and analysing the network's evolution. It also attempts to estimate possible challenges facing China in the future expansion of its global partnership network. It argues that, although China intends to further extend its global influence and explore potential benefits through its partnerships, because of the challenges ahead its partnership network is still an aspiration rather than a realistic blueprint.

Co-development of a seasonal rainfall forecast service: Supporting flood risk management for the Yangtze River basin

The Yangtze River Basin in China is subject to high inter- and intra-annual variability in its rainfall, leading to challenges in flood protection and for the high-value agricultural activity and large urban populations and infrastructure along its banks. As part of the Climate Science for Services Partnership in China, Chinese and UK scientists, along with key decision makers in this region, are working closely together to understand the needs for climate information, co-develop a seasonal rainfall forecast service aiming to help meet these needs, and evaluate the value or usefulness of this service in supporting decision making to manage risk in the lower Yangtze Basin. We find that there is a range of users reliant on such a service, and that the current service contributes strongly to decision-making for many users. Through close co-operation between providers and users of the service, we also gain a good understanding of the limitations of the current service and outline developments needed to enhance its utility.

Особенности субъектного состава государственно-частного партнерства в Китае: сравнительный анализ с российским законодательством

Особенности субъектного состава государственно-частного партнерства в Китае: сравнительный анализ с российским законодательством

Book Review: Deepening The EU–China Partnership in an Unstable World: Bridging Institutional and Ideational Differences, edited by Mario Telò, Ding Chun & Zhang Xiaotong. (Abingdon/Oxon;

Book Review: Deepening The EU–China Partnership in an Unstable World: Bridging Institutional and Ideational Differences, edited by Mario Telò, Ding Chun & Zhang Xiaotong. (Abingdon/Oxon;

Innovative Financing: An Empirical Study on Public–Private Partnership Securitisation in China

Many localities in China are faced with an outdated, segmented infrastructure system and a shrinking budget. However, the state‐led promotion of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) in China is providing an innovative solution. This paper looks at financing innovations in China such as industrial funds and asset‐backed securitisation for PPP projects. Particularly, this paper empirically studies the characteristics of project revenue bonds and PPP asset‐backed securities (PPP–ABS) in China. The study finds that the majority of social investors remain state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and returns on whole business securitisation (WBS) of projects could vary with the volume issued and the credit of the company. Securitisation not only solves the problem of limited source of financing, but also improves the efficiency of management. While securitisation of PPP projects can succeed in tapping social capital to invest infrastructures, the banking system should handle with caution the credit risk and default risk caused by rising leverage of PPP special purpose vehicles (SPVs).

The rise of public-private partnerships in China

This paper examines the rise of public-private partnerships in the longitudinal context of China’s infrastructure finance system since 1978. The system has been characterized by the use of alternative infrastructure finance, including land transfer fees, various types of indirect local government borrowing, and, more recently, the rise of public-private partnerships. While contributing significantly to the unprecedented infrastructure boom, alternative finance sources also raised concerns of fiscal sustainability in China. PPP cannot be an effective way to reduce local governments’ high reliance on debt financing. It is time for the country to develop a more balanced capital structure with ongoing funding support to keep up its long-term infrastructure development.

EYE ON CHINA

Shenzhen biotech companies building the world’s largest cell bank in Guizhou. China’s cancer researcher shares 2018’s Sjoberg Prize of Sweden. Breakthrough may help with earlier detection of heart attacks and cancer. New dialyzer to isolate bacteria from unprocessed blood. Chinese scientists develop new protocols for DNA-free genome editing in wheat. Synthesized herbs to treat cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Chinese scientists find antidote to centipede venom. Grünenthal and Mundipharma enter commercial partnership in China. Tencent and Medopad to cooperate on medical AI. Majority of oncology clinical trials in China failed to meet enrolment targets. WuXi STA and Regulus announce microRNA development and manufacturing collaboration.

Hydrogenious strategic China partnership with Broad-Ocean Motor

German-based Hydrogenious Technologies has entered into a collaboration agreement with Zhongshan Broad-Ocean Motor Co Ltd in China, as part of the successful third round of financing in the Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) based hydrogen storage specialist. The new strategic partnership will accelerate production of Hydrogenious’ LOHC hydrogen refueling stations, and establish a large-scale hydrogen mobility infrastructure in China starting in 2019.

The Rise of China-Indonesia Relationship: Soft Power, Resources, and Prospect in the Future

China is the emerging powers that many people believe that in the many years later they will be the most productive country with the fastest growing economic development in the world. As a consequence, China would be the main actor for global integrations as well as one of strategic partners for Indonesia. This research employs qualitative research method to understand which aspect influence the most towards Indonesia and China partnership. This paper will show the future partnership between China and Indonesia in economic and socio-cultural aspect.Keywords: China, Indonesia, emerging powers, economic, integration, socio-cultural

The Distorted Governance Model of Venture Capital Limited Partnerships in China: A Political Perspective

The limited partnership has been recognized and legalized by the Law of Partnership Enterprises of China in 2006. Owing to the lack of a regime of ‘piercing the veil of limited partners’ in this legislation, however, limited partners commonly actively participate in management without any unlimited liability, which has seriously decreased the efficiency of fund management and even led to governance failures in practice. The Chinese venture capital (VC) market is commonly regarded as a striking achievement of the market economy reform of China since the 1980s, the strong state control over the VC funds in contemporary China, however, is still unshakable. This article attempts to explore the root reason of this disadvantage in Chinese partnership law by considering the role of the state in the VC industry of China during the recent decades and concludes that the lack of a regime of ‘piercing the veil of limited partners’ in Chinese partnership law is caused by the active role of the state in the VC industry and the prioritized state-owned capital in the Chinese economy.