Guangdong Province Of China Research Articles

Evaluation of Red Blood Cell Indices and Parameter Formulas in Differential Diagnosis of Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anemia for Children in Shenzhen Area of Guangdong Province in China

To evaluate the efficiency of red blood cell indices and fomulas for the differential diagnosis of the thalassemia trait (TT) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) for children in Shenzhen area of Guangdong Province in China. A total of 849 child patients from Shenzhen were enrolled, including 536 cases of TT and 313 cases of IDA. The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Youden's indices (YI) were analyzed using five red blood cell indices ［including red blood cell count, average red blood cell volune(MCV), average amount of red blood cell hemoglobin(CMH), red blood hemoglobin cancentration(MCHC), red blood cell distribution width(RDW)］ and 10 red blood cell paramter formulas including Mentzer, Green and King, Srivastava, Ricerca, RDWI, Sirdah, Huber-Herklotz, Ehsani, Shine and Lal, and England and Fraser. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Green and King was the most reliable index, as it had the highest YI (63.7%) and area under ROC curve (AUC) (0.875), the SEN and SPE was 82.5% and 81.2%. The YI, SEN, SPE, and AUC for RDWI were 62.8%, 79.1%, 83.7%, and 0.870, respectively. The formulas of Green and King and RDWI can be used for the differential diagnosis of TT and IDA, suitable for chidren in Shenzhen, China.

A 5-Year Review of Senecavirus A in China since Its Emergence in 2015.

Senecavirus A (SVA), previously known as Seneca Valley virus, is classified into the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. This virus can cause vesicular disease and epidemic transient neonatal losses in swine. Typical clinical signs include vesicular and/or ulcerative lesions on the snout, oral mucosa, coronary bands and hooves. SVA emerged in Guangdong Province of China in 2015, and thereafter gradually spread into other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (P.A.M.s). Nowadays more than half of the P.A.M.s have been affected by SVA, and asymptomatic infection has occurred in some areas. The phylogenetic analysis shows that China isolates are clustered into five genetic branches, implying a fast evolutionary speed since SVA emergence in 2015. This review presented current knowledge concerning SVA infection in China, including its history, epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, diagnostics and vaccines.

Typhoon Carrier Disaster Loss Index Models and Application Based on Principal Component Analysis

Pang, S.; Li, S., and Hu, X., 2020. Typhoon carrier disaster loss index models and application based on principal component analysis. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 68–72. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This paper focuses on the formation and harm of typhoons and impact on direct economic losses in Guangdong Province of China. It specifically considers three carriers of typhoons: fragility of disaster-bearing body, hazard factor intensity, and the capacity of disaster prevention and alleviation. Based on the three carriers, the index system of impact of typhoon disaster on social economy, natural geography, and disaster prevention and alleviation data, such as per capita GDP, typhoon t index, soil porosity, and number of special emergency plans for typhoon, is built. Using the principal component analysis method, correlation analysis and characteristic index extraction are performed for 25 impact indicators, three carrier index models of typhoons are innovatively established, and the typhoon disaster loss index model is further proposed and established, which is used to calculate the loss index of 54 typhoons in Guangdong from 2001 to 2018 for application analysis. This study provides scientific reference for typhoon disaster prevention and emergency rescue plan optimization.

Molecular epidemiological and hematological profile of thalassemia in the Dongguan Region of Guangdong Province, Southern China.

BackgroundThalassemia is a common inherited hematological disease in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to investigate the mutation spectrum of thalassemia in the Dongguan region of southern China and comprehensively analyze hematologic features of thalassemia carriers with various types of globin mutations.MethodsA hematological screening including hematological indices such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was conducted in 19 442 people from Dongguan region, Guangdong province of China. Then, 4891 suspected thalassemia carriers were further investigated by genetic analysis of combined NGS and gap‐PCR.ResultsTotally, 2319 (11.9%) cases were diagnosed as carriers of thalassemia, of which 1483 cases (7.6%) were α‐thalassemia, 741 cases (3.8%) were β‐thalassemia, and 95 cases (0.5%) were co‐inheritance of α‐ and β‐thalassemia. In α‐thalassemia carriers, the phenotypic severity increases with the number of nonfunctional α‐globin genes. The patients with –SEA/αWSα genotype have less severe clinical phenotypes than those with other Hb H diseases. As for β‐thalassemia, the MCV and MCH in both β0 and β+ carriers are markedly reduced.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive molecular epidemiological survey and hematological profiling of thalassemia in Dongguan area. This study will be benefit for genetic counseling in the clinic and may help pediatricians to make a correct diagnosis of different types of thalassemia.

The effect of control measures on COVID-19 transmission in Italy: Comparison with Guangdong province in China

BackgroundCOVID-19 has spread all around the world. Italy is one of the worst affected countries in Europe. Although there is a trend of relief, the epidemic situation hasn’t stabilized yet. This study aims to investigate the dynamics of the disease spread in Italy and provide some suggestions on containing the epidemic.MethodsWe compared Italy’s status at the outbreak stage and control measures with Guangdong Province in China by data observation and analysis. A modified autonomous SEIR model was used to study the COVID-19 epidemic and transmission potential during the early stage of the outbreak in Italy. We also utilized a time-dependent dynamic model to study the future disease dynamics in Italy. The impact of various non-pharmaceutical control measures on epidemic was investigated through uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe comparison of specific measures implemented in the two places and the time when the measures were initiated shows that the initial prevention and control actions in Italy were not sufficiently timely and effective. We estimated parameter values based on available cumulative data and calculated the basic reproduction number to be 4.32 before the national lockdown in Italy. Based on the estimated parameter values, we performed numerical simulations to predict the epidemic trend and evaluate the impact of contact limitation, detection and diagnosis, and individual behavior change due to media coverage on the epidemic.ConclusionsItaly was in a severe epidemic status and the control measures were not sufficiently timely and effective in the beginning. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, including contact restrictions and improvement of case recognition, play an important role in containing the COVID-19 epidemic. The effect of individual behavior changes due to media update of the outbreak cannot be ignored. For policy-makers, early and strict blockade measures, fast detection and improving media publicity are key to containing the epidemic.

Relationship between sleep duration and sociodemographic characteristics, mental health and chronic diseases in individuals aged from 18 to 85\u2009years old in Guangdong province in China: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundSleep is vital for maintaining individual’s physical and mental health. Prior studies have reported close relationships between sleep duration and chronic diseases. However, in China, the prevalence of aberrant sleep duration and the associations between sleep duration and chronic conditions still merit studying in Guangdong province. This study aimed at examining the relationship between sleep duration and multiple dimensions of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health and chronic diseases in Guangdong province in China, with a large population-based data of individuals aged from 18 to 85 years old.MethodsThis study aimed at analyzing the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population in Guangdong province. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was applied for this study. 13,768 participants from Guangdong province were interviewed with standardized assessment tools, including Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Basic socio-demographic information, mental health and chronic diseases information were collected. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as three types: short (< 7 h), normative (7-9 h) and long (≥9 h).ResultsThe mean sleep duration was 6.75 ± 1.11 h. Short sleepers had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, including anemia (6.2%, p = 0.024), gout (2.8%, p = 0.010), hyperlipidemia (3.9%, p = 0.003) and low back pain (5.6%, p = 0.020) than other types of sleeper. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that short sleepers were more likely to have low income level, have depressive symptoms, be ex- or current drinkers and be overweight. Anemia, hyperlipidemia and low back pain were all risk factors for short sleep, while malignant tumor was risky for long sleep.ConclusionsLow income level, drinking status, being overweight, and chronic conditions may be associated with aberrant sleep duration in Guangdong province general population. Short sleepers have a higher risk of suffering from anemia, hyperlipidemia, and low back pain, while long sleepers are more likely to have malignant tumor. Health professionals should value the sleep patterns in general health care and attach importance to conduct further epidemiologic surveys to explore the relationship between sleep duration and health.

Mediating effects of nursing organizational climate on the relationships between empathy and burnout among clinical nurses.

To investigate how nurses who worked in Guangdong province in China perceived empathy, nursing organization climate and burnout. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was used. We carried out the research in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist. The study was carried out from August-October of 2018 using a structured electronic questionnaire. A total of 965 participants were selected with convenience sampling in Guangdong province. A total of 786 valid questionnaires were collected in this study. The average burnout score of participants was 38.19 (SD 13.32) and 67.4% of them rated their burnout as more than 30 points, while 5.7% were higher than 60 points. The multi-variable linear regression model explained 9.4% of the variance in burnout related to sociodemographic variables (p<0.001). Empathy was significantly and positively associated with nursing organizational climate and emotional exhaustion while negatively associated with reduced personal accomplishment. In addition, nursing organizational climate mediated the relationship between empathy and reduced personal accomplishment. Our findings suggest that both empathy and nursing organizational climate are protective factors that prevent burnout in this population. Managers can alleviate nurses' burnout through developing empathy and improving the organizational climate. This study demonstrates that empathy is not the cause of burnout; rather, it can prevent nurses from experiencing burnout. Nursing organizational climate is another protective factor that has a mediating effect on empathy and burnout. Improving empathy and nursing organizational climate could help reduce nurse burnout.

Clinical characteristics and survival of 5283 esophageal cancer patients: A multicenter study from eighteen hospitals across six regions in China.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the potential determining epidemiological and clinical risk factors affecting the survival of esophageal cancer (EC) patients across multiple hospitals in China.MethodsThis was a multicenter study comprising of newly diagnosed EC cases from Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang, and Guangdong Province of China. Their baseline characteristics and treatment methods data were collected from their medical records. The EpiData software was used for data quality control. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate their overall survival (OS), and the Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe 3‐ and 5‐year OS rates of the 5283 investigated EC patients were 49.98% and 39.07%, respectively. Their median survival was 36.00 months. The median survival time of females was longer than that of males (females vs. males: 45.00 vs. 33.00, P < 0.001). The 5‐year OS rate of patients who never‐smoked was higher than that of smokers (never‐smokers vs smokers: 40.73% vs. 37.84%, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 5‐year OS rate between drinkers and never‐drinkers (drinkers vs never‐drinkers: 34.22% vs. 29.65%, P = 0.330). In multivariate analysis, pathological stage (stage II: HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.40‐2.31; stage III: HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 2.06‐3.34; stage IV: HR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.98‐5.09), poor differentiation/undifferentiated (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.63), not married status (HR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.49‐4.04), production and service personnel (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.83) and farming/fishing (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12‐1.76) were independent prognostic risk factors for poor EC survival. Tumors in the thoracic or abdominal part of the esophagus, female and family history of any cancer were independent factors predictive of a good EC OS.ConclusionGender, marital status, occupation, family history of any cancer, tumor topographical site, differentiation status, and pathological stage were associated with the survival rate of EC. This study reveals important clinical characteristics of esophageal cancer patients in China and provides helpful information for their clinical management and surveillance.

Exploring the Novel Input Attributes Affecting eWOM.

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has become significantly important in online communities, which are influential sources of instant information on the internet. This study examines the eWOM input attributes linked to consumers’ information adoption behavior in the context of information-related interaction. This study uses a structural equation modeling approach by choosing participants from Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China. The results reveal that eWOM input attributes studied positively influence information-related interactions. An individual’s perception of value enhances the performance of products or services, which is an essential predictor of information adoption. Furthermore, information usefulness and related interactions are key eWOM message characteristics affecting information adoption on the internet. This study contributes to the eWOM input attributes and message characteristics literature by exploring information-related interaction as a new mediator to consumers’ online information adoption. The authors provide suggestions for marketers and firms to dynamically develop strategies in response to consumers’ concerns while making a purchase online.

Child trafficking in the Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of China

ABSTRACT Trafficking in children is a serious violation of children's rights that concerns every country and society. Children are trafficked for various exploitive purposes. In international studies, China is considered as a country of origin and destination of cross-border trafficking in persons, but its particular characteristics of trafficking and sale of children, mainly domestically, for the purpose of illegal adoption has generally been overlooked. Based on data collected from judgements published in ‘China Judgements Online’, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the situation of child trafficking in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of China. Descriptive analysis was conducted to explore and compare patterns and routes of trafficking in the two provinces, demographic features of victims, rescue results, as well as follow-up protection situation. The innovative findings of this work can enhance the knowledge on the situation of child trafficking in China and provide relevant stakeholders with information useful for policymaking, project development, as well as their evaluation.

Load probability density forecasting by transforming and combining quantile forecasts

Compared with traditional deterministic load forecasting, probabilistic load forecasting (PLF) help us understand the potential risks in the power system operation by providing more information about future uncertainties of the loads. Quantile forecasting, as a kind of non-parametric probabilistic forecasting method, has been well developed and widely used in PLF. However, the results of quantile forecasts are discrete, which contain fewer details than density forecasts which provide the most comprehensive information. This paper proposes a novel day-ahead load probability density forecasting method by transforming and combining multiple quantile forecasts. The proposed method includes two main steps: transformation and combination. In the first step, the kernel density estimation method is used to transform the individual quantile forecast into the probability density curve; in the second step, an optimization problem is established to obtain the weighted combination of different probability density forecasts. The perturbation search method is applied to determine the optimal weight of each individual forecast. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method using comprehensive case studies on the real-world load data from Guangdong province in China, ISO New England (ISO-NE) in the US and Irish smart meter data. Case studies show that the combined model is robust to kernel function selection in the transformation step and has better forecasting performance. Compared with the best individual model, the purposed combined model has an accuracy improvement of 1.54% in the Guangdong dataset and 2.9% in the ISO-NE dataset in terms of the continuous ranked probability score. The proposed combination forecasting method can be robust in high volatility scenarios.

Direct immune-SCIR public-opinion propagation model based on real-time online users**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61471080), the Equipment Development Department Research Foundation of China (Grant No. 61400010303), the Natural Science Research Project of Liaoning Education Department of China (Grant Nos. JDL2019019 and JDL2020002), the Surface Project for Natural Science Foundation in Guangdong Province of

Current public-opinion propagation research usually focused on closed network topologies without considering the fluctuation of the number of network users or the impact of social factors on propagation. Thus, it remains difficult to accurately describe the public-opinion propagation rules of social networks. In order to study the rules of public opinion spread on dynamic social networks, by analyzing the activity of social-network users and the regulatory role of relevant departments in the spread of public opinion, concepts of additional user and offline rates are introduced, and the direct immune-susceptible, contacted, infected, and refractory (DI-SCIR) public-opinion propagation model based on real-time online users is established. The interventional force of relevant departments, credibility of real information, and time of intervention are considered, and a public-opinion propagation control strategy based on direct immunity is proposed. The equilibrium point and the basic reproduction number of the model are theoretically analyzed to obtain boundary conditions for public-opinion propagation. Simulation results show that the new model can accurately reflect the propagation rules of public opinion. When the basic reproduction number is less than 1, public opinion will eventually disappear in the network. Social factors can significantly influence the time and scope of public opinion spread on social networks. By controlling social factors, relevant departments can analyze the rules of public opinion spread on social networks to suppress the propagate of negative public opinion and provide a powerful tool to ensure security and stability of society.

The Cumulative Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients

BackgroundThere is a paucity of information regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We aimed to estimate the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in hemodialysis patients in China using a serological test.MethodsWe enrolled all hemodialysis patients from 8 hemodialysis facilities in Honghu and Jingzhou of Hubei province and Guangzhou and Foshan of Guangdong province in China. We screened these patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection by both a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for viral RNA and a serological test for IgG and IgM antibodies. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were collected via case report forms. We also enrolled the health care workers from the participating hospitals and compared the seropositive rate between hemodialysis patients and health care workers in the same region.ResultsAmong 1542 hemodialysis patients, 5 (0.32%) and 51 (3.3%) were tested positive by the RT-PCR test and the serological test, respectively. The seropositive rate in Hubei (3.6%) was higher than that in Guangdong (2.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.5). Most of the seropositive patients were asymptomatic. Independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection were being older than 65 years, having manifestation of lung infection in imaging examinations, and having a lower level of serum albumin. In comparison, the seropositive rate in 3205 health care workers was 1.2%，which was significantly lower than that observed in the hemodialysis patients (P < .001).ConclusionThe cumulative rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis patients in China was high at 3.3%. Serological test detected 10 times more cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the RT-PCR test and should be the preferred tool for estimating the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Urban green transformation in Northeast China: A comparative study with Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces

Green transformation has become the epoch-making needs of Chinese cities to break through the bottleneck of development. Drawing lessons from the urban development experiences of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces in China, this paper provides a practical reference for the urban green transformation in Northeast China. According to the theory of urban metabolism, the paper systematically develops a measurable framework of urban green transformation that covers social, economic and environmental dimensions, and uses a super hybrid model with a window analysis to estimate the dynamic efficiency of urban green transformation. The results present opposite trends between Southeast and Northeast cities in China. Afterwards, the generalized method of moments is used to analyze the impacts of spatial agglomeration and science and education supports on the efficiency of urban green transformation. By contrast, a self-weakening trend of urban green transformation occurs in Northeast China, where the urban size is too small to optimize the industry layout by means of urban value chain, and the return on the investment in science and education is not significant enough, which leads to the lack of impetus for a continuous urban transformation. Therefore, the urban development strategy in Northeast China should center on the urban value chain, and then promote urbanization and industrial restructuring and integration, improving the talent adsorption effect, as well as achieving urban complementary advantages and a differential development.

Factors Influencing the Mental Health of Firefighters in Shantou City, China.

BackgroundFirefighters are routinely exposed to occupational stress and are therefore vulnerable to psychological problems.Patients and MethodsThis study assessed the prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential contributing factors in a sample of firefighters in Shantou city, in the Guangdong Province of China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 335 firefighters, including 329 male and 6 female firefighters. We used a questionnaire which assessed anxiety and depression, as indicated by the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), as well as other mental health symptoms, using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Basic information and potential-related factors were also collected.ResultsThe average age of participants was 27.38 (SD ± 6.11) years. Assessed by the indexed score of different scales, SAS and SDS positive screening rates were 6.86% and 22.68%, respectively. SCL-90 scores indicated that 6.86% of participants had mental health symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, firefighter rank, and birth order were associated with mental health outcomes. Firefighters in Shantou were also shown to have better mental health outcomes than the Chinese military, but worse than the national population of firefighters.ConclusionThese findings indicated the mental health of firefighters is not good. It is necessary to explore effective approaches to help preventing and treating mental disorder in firefighters.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nigrospora guangdongensis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; sp. nov. from the needle of&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Cunninghamia lanceolata&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; in China&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Nigrospora is a genus occurring on various substrates as pathogens, saprophytes or endophytes. In this study, Nigrospora strains were isolated from the needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Guangdong province of China. According to the morphological and phylogenetic evidence, it can be recognized as a new species. Hereby, Nigrospora guangdongensis sp. nov. is introduced and it can be distinguished from its phylogenetically close species, by having sparse, discrete, and solitary conidiophores with sporadic conidia.

Between users, functions, and evaluations: Exploring the social acceptance of smart energy homes in China

The effectiveness of smart home energy technology in saving residential energy has been widely accepted. China has a huge market for the development of smart home energy technology; however, the household penetration rate in China is still at a low level, and one likely reason derives from the gap between the functions and user’s experience or expectations. The aim of this paper is to bridge the gap by developing entropy weighting based evaluation system for the performance of smart home energy technology. To achieve this objective, the processes include discovering key performance indicators of smart home energy technology by literature review; conducting a questionnaire survey in Guangdong province of China considering the macro-environment of policy and industry; investigating the underlying performance factors by factor analysis; and calculating the indicator weighting by entropy method. Additionally, the potential applications of the evaluation system in industry and its associated limitations are also discussed.

Manufacturing Consent: The Modern Pandemic of Technosolutionism

As our first issue of the Transactions went to publication, the COVID19 crisis fully gripped the globe. While this was not the first time that such a disease had threatened to keep the world at gridlock, very few of us could have imagined the full extent of the socio-economic impacts of a dynamic global pandemic zoonoses. In recent history, we can point to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) novel coronavirus epidemic first identified in 2003, as having infected humans in the Guangdong province of China in 2002. We then had the Asian highly pathogenic AVIAN Influenza (H5N1) virus making a strong resurgence in 2006, that was first detected in geese in China in 1996, with some sporadic infections in humans occurring in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in Hong Kong. Finally, the swine flu (H1N1) outbreak in 2009 which had an estimated 700 million to 1.4 billion confirmed cases (between 11%–21% of the global population), and concluded with a vaccine [item 1) in the Appendix]. Each of these diseases have had catastrophic impacts on people, supply chains, infrastructure, and the economy but none more than COVID19, also known as SARS-CoV-2. According to a situational report by the World Health Organization on May 5, 2020, there were 3 517 345 confirmed COVID19 cases and 243 401 of these eventuated in death (approximately 6.92% of confirmed cases) [item 2) in the Appendix]. When considering these statistics, we should also note such numbers as a proportion of the total global population.

Environmental and health impacts due to e-waste disposal in China – A review

E-waste is discarded and shipped mostly to developing countries located in Asian continent for disposal from other developed countries. Especially 70% of the world's e-waste ends up in Guiyu, a small town located in Guangdong Province of China. As little as 25% is recycled in formal recycling centers with adequate protection for workers and the other e-waste arrived in those areas is not handled in organized manner. As per reports only roughly 12.5% of e-waste is actually recycled, and the recycling efforts in those regions are primitive and result in toxic substances being leached into the surrounding ecosystems. In addition to persistent organic pollutants, there are many heavy metals found in the ground and river sediments in Guiyu, exceeding the threshold set to protect human health. Those areas are no longer suitable for growing food, and water is unsafe for drinking, due to the amount of toxins leached into the groundwater and land. Hazardous threats to environment and human health due to hazardous substances of e-waste all around China, as well as the current e-waste management were documented in this review. The article concludes with controlled contamination sources, and eco-friendly and efficient remediation technologies to solve e-waste problem in China.

Genomic diversity and recombination of Seneca Valley viruses emerged in pig herds in Guangdong Province during 2019.

Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an emerging global picornavirus that causes porcine idiopathic vesicular disease. We characterized the genome and conducted evolutionary and recombination analyses of four newly identified SVV strains which were CH-GDZS-2019, CH-GDMZ-2019, CH-GDHZ01-2019, and CH-GDHZ02-2019. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains circulating in swine herds in China were genetically diverse and complex. Recombination analyses indicated that strain CH-GDZS-2019 was derived from strains USA-IA44662-2015-P1 and USA-GBI29-2015, which were both isolated in the USA in 2015, while CH-GDMZ-2019 was derived from the Chinese field strains 1-2018-BH-China and CH-GDQC-2017. Our results provided important insights into the molecular characterization of the SVV strains co-circulating in Guangdong Province in China in 2019 and demonstrated the importance of additional SVV surveillance in China.