China Tobacco Research Articles

Comparison of the Effects of Three Priming Agents in Enhancing the Chilling Tolerance of Tobacco Seeds During Germination

Early spring low temperature hazards are a common problem in southern China's tobacco production areas, leading to slow germination of tobacco seeds. In the present study, spermine (Spm), salicylic acid (SA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to prime seeds of different tobacco cultivars. After priming, their germination indices were evaluated in an optimal temperature (25°C) germination test and a low temperature (12°C) germination test. In the optimal temperature germination experiment, priming with any of Spm, SA and PEG could improve the germination index (GI) and reduce the mean germination time (MGT) of 'Xiangyang No. 7' seeds. Moreover, priming with Spm or PEG enhanced the vigour indices (VI) at most priming concentrations and durations, while SA priming with 0.5 mmol L-1 for 24 hours improved the germination potential (GE) and SA priming with 0.5 and 0.6 mmol L -1 for 48 hours improved germination potential (GP). For the low temperature germination experiment, Spm or PEG priming treatment based on the optimal temperature germination experiment markedly improved GI and VI, which was confirmed by the enhancement of antioxidative enzyme activities, while the selected SA priming treatments significantly enhanced GI except for at 0.6 mmol L-1 for 12 hours. Our results indicated that Spm, SA and PEG could be used for enhancing chilling tolerance of tobacco seeds and improving seed germination.

Research on Tobacco Retail Point Layout in Guanshanhu District, Guizhou Province Based on Transportation Accessibility

Guizhou tobacco planting has a long history, thanks to Guizhou's superior climate, soil and other ecological conditions and rich planting experience, laid an important position of Guizhou tobacco in China's tobacco industry, tobacco industry is Guizhou's traditional advantageous industry, but also an important pillar industry, in the economic and social development of Guizhou Province plays an irreplaceable important role, Guanshanhu District is the key work area of Guizhou Tobacco Company to arrange tobacco sales related service configuration, so for the existing tobacco network layout system in Guanshanhu District. Through the spatial layout, traffic accessibility analysis under the conditions of surrounding basic transportation facilities, and the construction of traffic time isochronous circles, the following optimization suggestions are given for the traffic layout: 1. Adjust the density of outlets to improve the efficiency of services; 2 Considering a variety of factors to help increase tobacco sales; 3.Regularly evaluate and adjust the layout; 4 Consider regional characteristics.

Genome Sequence Resource of Curvularia clavata Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Tobacco by Oxford Nanopore PromethION.

Genome Sequence Resource of Curvularia clavata Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Tobacco by Oxford Nanopore PromethION.

A shift of vector specificity acquired by a begomovirus through natural homologous recombination.

Recombination is common in plant viruses such as geminiviruses, but the ecological and pathogenic consequences have been explored only in a few cases. Here, we found that a new begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl Shuangbai virus (TYLCSbV), probably originated from the recombination of Ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) and tobacco curl shoot virus (TbCSV). Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation showed that TYLCSbV and AYVCNV have similar levels of infectivity on tomato and tobacco plants. However, the two viruses exhibit contrasting specificities for vector transmission, that is, TYLCSbV was efficiently transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) rather than by the whitefly B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), whereas AYVCNV was more efficiently transmitted by MEAM1. We also showed that the transmission efficiencies of TYLCSbV and AYVCNV are positively correlated with the accumulation of the viruses in whitefly whole bodies and organs/tissues. The key coat protein amino acids that determine their accumulation are between positions 147 and 256. Moreover, field surveys suggest that MED has displaced MEAM1 in some regions where TYLCSbV was collected. Viral competition assays indicated that TYLCSbV outcompeted AYVCNV when transmitted by MED, while the outcome was the opposite when transmitted by MEAM1. Our findings suggest that recombination has resulted in a shift of vector specificity that could provide TYLCSbV with a potential selective transmission advantage, and the population shift of whitefly cryptic species could have influenced virus evolution towards an extended trajectory of transmission.

Thermoeconomic multiobjective optimization of tobacco drying heat pump recovering waste heat from monocrystal silicon furnace based on SVR ANN model in Southwest China

AbstractGreat quantities of energy are consumed by heat pump drying systems (HPDSs), such as tobacco drying. It can be reduced by increasing evaporating temperature using waste heat. In this paper, based on the case of two main industries in southwest China (monocrystalline silicon industry and tobacco industry), a novel integrated HPDS especially for the tobacco drying using waste heat from single crystal silicon furnaces is proposed. It is then analyzed from an energetic and economical perspective, investigating the effects of heat exchanger areas on system performance. To simultaneously minimize system CO2 emissions and total annual cost (TAC), a multiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is conducted based on the support vector regression model, which has been rarely reported for integrated HPDS improved by waste heat. The final optimum solution on the Pareto optimal front is selected using different decision‐making methods (LINMAP, TOPSIS, and fuzzy decision method), and are compared with the performance of the initial system. The results show that the TOPSIS method is most suitable in three decision‐making methods with a great reduction in (−12.7%) and nearly unchanged in TAC (+0.5%) compared with the initial solution. And the decreases in and TAC of the optimized system is as large as 50% and 1/3, compared with traditional vapor compression heat pump dryer without heat recovery of the monocrystal silicon furnace.

Development and challenges of tobacco epidemic surveillance in China

Tobacco use is the leading preventable risk factor causing the global burden of disease and one of China's most significant public health issues. Continuous and dynamic tobacco monitoring can provide critical index data for developing tobacco control strategies and measures and evaluating the impact of tobacco control. The WHO has incorporated monitoring programs into the crucial content of tobacco control and put forward relevant compliance requirements in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The Chinese government has actively promoted tobacco control significantly since the entry into force of the FCTC in China and continuously strengthened tobacco monitoring. In 2021, China's tobacco monitoring was honored to have reached the highest level required by the WHO. This study introduces the sampling design of tobacco surveys, monitoring content, the definition of key indicators and data weighting based on a complex sampling design, analyzing the challenges facing in the current setting, and provides a reference for the understanding and utilization of the data, the comparison of the results, and the future development of tobacco monitoring. The surveys involved in this study will focus on the specialized epidemiological surveys of tobacco for adults and adolescents carried out nationwide.

Effect evaluation of "Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program in China

Objective: To evaluate the effect of "Smoking cessation: Doctor first" program on smoking medical staff. Methods: From December 2016 to September 2019, 1 747 smoking medical staff from 54 units of China Tobacco Cessation Alliance were enrolled into"Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program. Demographic characteristics, smoking characteristics, degree of tobacco dependence, willingness to quit smoking and other related factors were collected during the baseline survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of willingness to quit. The subjects were given intensive smoking cessation intervention from October 2017 to September 2019, including education on the hazards of smoking, methods of smoking cessation and giving smoking cessation drugs. After intervention, the subjects were investigated about their smoking cessation progress and the effect of the project was evaluated. Results: The subjects were (41±11) years old, 91.9% (1 609/1 747) were male and 62.2% (1 086/1 747) were daily smokers. The main reasons for smoking included the influence of friends [697 (39.9%)], the need for social entertainment [629 (36.0%)], the relief of mental stress [589 (33.7%)] and the refreshment [459 (26.3%)]. At baseline, 52.9% (885/1 672) and 43.2% (755/1 747) smokers had intention to quit smoking and had planned to quit within one year, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that: low education level [OR (95%CI) of high school and junior high school and below were 2.42 (1.61, 3.63) and 1.57 (1.18, 2.11)], daily smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.38 (1.06, 1.78)], thinking quitting smoking is not important [OR (95%CI): 4.15 (3.33, 5.18)] and having no quitting experience [OR (95%CI): 3.21 (2.53, 4.05)] were associated with no intention to quit smoking. After intensive smoking cessation intervention, 81.0% (1 415/1 747) smokers started to quit and 36.6% (518/1 415) quit smoking with drugs, both higher than the baseline level (all P values<0.001). By the end of the program, 60.2% (852/1 415) of the medical staff had quit smoking successfully. Conclusion: "Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program can improve the willingness to quit and the proportion of using smoking cessation drugs of medical staff.

Systemic fungicidal activity of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid-valine conjugate against tobacco sore shin and its translocation and accumulation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Tobacco sore shin caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a major soil-borne fungal disease of tobacco, gradually causing infected stems to become thin and dry, leading to great losses to China's tobacco industry. Fungicides with phloem mobility are needed for application to foliage to effectively control root or vascular system pathogens. In this study, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid-valine conjugate (PCA-Val) with strong phloem mobility was tested for control of tobacco sore shin. In vitro fungicidal activity, systemicity, and in vivo efficacy of PCA-Val against R. solani in tobacco seedling were evaluated. In vitro fungicidal activity of PCA-L-Val against R. solani was lower than that of PCA or PCA-D-Val, but the in vivo protective activity and curative activity of PCA-L-Val was the highest among these chemicals tested. The systemicity tests in tobacco seedlings revealed that PCA did not possess phloem mobility, while PCA-L-Val and PCA-D-Val exhibited strong phloem mobility and could be transported and accumulated in the lower part of the seedling as well as throughout the phloem. In addition, we also found that, just like reported hormone amino acid conjugates, PCA-L-Val could be hydrolyzed by tobacco seedlings, to release free PCA. The current research results indicated that PCA-L-Val possess good phloem transport in tobacco and promising in vivo antifungal activity against R. solani, which can be used as a phloem-mobile fungicide against tobacco sore shin in production practice.

Resolving the Needham Puzzle: Let the Evidence Speak—An Explanation on the Origin of China's Tobacco Industry

In 1954, the famous British historian Joseph Needham put forward a famous puzzle in the preface to his Science and Civilisation in China: before the 15th century, China's civilization was ahead of that of Western countries, both in terms of economics and technology; however, China suffered a disastrous decline in the subsequent era, while its Western counterparts underwent the Industrial Revolution and became the great powers of the world. Thus, Needham asked, why did the scientific revolution, which had taken place in the Western world since the 16th century, not originate in China? This paper has broken new ground both methodologically and substantively concerning the Needham Puzzle. By applying the data found in Chinese historical bibliographies of China as a proxy for the changes in the knowledge stock, this paper proposes the institutional change hypothesis and provides empirical evidence for the dynamic trend of China’s technological development, thereby providing a possible explanation for the Needham Puzzle. And the loss of human capital in science and technology constitutes a necessary condition for the origin of China's tobacco industry. Because the tobacco planting industry is a labour-intensive industry, rather than a technology-intensive industry.

Fair Competition Review Applying in Tobacco Monopoly of China: on the Practice of Administrative Self-Regulation

Objectives: This article attempts to discuss the practice of China’s fair competition review mechanism applying in China’s tobacco monopoly administrative system as an administrative self-regulation act. Methods: by reviewing the literature, relevant website and applying the liberal interpretation in legal provisions of China, this paper reveals the important reasons behind the establishment of fair review system by the Chinese government —the existence of administrative monopoly and the problems caused by the deficiency of China's existing external regulation. Results: by combing the legal foundation of fair competition review mechanism, this paper responds to the rationality of China's adoption of self-regulation model. Furthermore, through the discussion of the applying of fair review in tobacco industry’s administration, it responds to the practice of tobacco monopoly’s self-regulation. Conclusion: the article concludes that China's fair review system can be partially applied to China's tobacco monopoly.

How Perceived Organizational Support Impacts on Post-1990s Employees' Turnover Intention: Taking China Tobacco Companies as an Example

Tobacco industry is an important part of the national economy and a mainly sources of national fiscal revenue. The healthy and stable growth of the tobacco industry is of great significance to the country's economic development. In particular, the overall quality and work stability of human resources are the key factors for the development of the tobacco industry. Chinese post-1990s are gradually entering the workplace and becoming the backbone of society. However, their high-frequency turnover had different degrees of impact on the stability of the organization and their own career. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate thoroughlythe mechanisms of POS on turnover intention(TI) of post-1990s ofChina tobacco industry based on the mediation of OI, and the regulative effect of employability perception(EP). After collecting the results of questionnaires covering perceived organizational support, turnover intention, organizational identity and employability perception from 352 post-1990s employees of China tobacco industry, our hypotheses were tested using the Hierarchical Regression Analysis (HRA). Results displayed that there was a significant negative correlation between POS and TI of post-1990s employees. Turnover intention of post-1990s employees was significant negative impacted by Organizational identity and employability perception. Internal employability perception(IEP) had a greater impact on TI than that of external employability perception(EEP). Organizational identity played a partly positive mediating effect between POS and TI of post-1990s employees. Employability perception played a negative moderating role between POS and TI of post-1990s employees. Furthermore, the moderating effect of internal employability was greater than that of external employability, and the post-1990s employees with higher employability were more sensitive to the effect onPOS on TI. Finally, this study provided suggestions for China tobacco industrythat strengthening the post-1990s employees' recognition of the organization, improving their overall self-awareness, and improving the level of organizational management were helpful to the career of post-1990s and organizational development.

Analysis on the Spatial Effect of Talent Supply of Vocational Education and Economic Growth of Tobacco Industry from the Perspective of Human Capital

Objectives: Human capital plays an important role in the economic growth of tobacco industry. Education is the direct way to form human capital. At the same time, vocational education is a part of the education system. Vocational education is mainly to cultivate skilled human capital. From the perspective of human capital, this paper studies the impact of talent supply of vocational education on tobacco economic growth. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis was used. This paper analyzes the current situation of talent supply of vocational education and tobacco economy in China. It also analyzes the correlation between talent supply of vocational education and tobacco economy. Based on the theoretical model of human capital economic growth. Establish the theoretical model of talent supply in vocational education and tobacco economic growth. Comprehensively consider the spatial interaction of economic growth. Using the spatial panel econometric model, this paper makes an empirical analysis on 29 provinces and cities in China. Use Geoda, MATLAB and other software for empirical calculation. The results show that the supply of vocational education talents and the growth of tobacco economy are on the rise. However, the regional distribution is uneven. And vocational education is positively correlated with tobacco economic growth. The empirical results show that the regional tobacco economic growth in China has negative spatial auto-correlation. Employment, lifetime number of vocational education and human capital level in the tobacco industry significantly promote the economic growth of the tobacco industry. The results provide a reference for the regulation of China's tobacco industry.

Analysis on the Promotion Effect of Logistics Industry Development on China Tobacco Foreign Trade

Objectives: The international logistics market is very broad and the system is also very large and complex. It depends on international information science and technology, and has high requirements for standardization. International logistics can realize trade between countries. Its development puts forward higher requirements, higher standards and higher development for international transactions, This paper focuses on the impact of the development of the logistics industry on China tobacco foreign trade in order to promote the development of international logistics and provide practical significance for the globalization of China tobacco foreign trade. In the research, the methods of literature review and case analysis are used to analyze theimpact of the international logistics industry on China tobacco foreign trade. The results show that international logistics is conducive to the adjustment of China tobacco foreign trade demand and supply, mobilizing the international consumption flow, improving the national GDP, and allowing the economic cooperation of various countries to make each country together and interdependent. Therefore, the research on international logistics is conducive to international cooperation and exchange.By studying the development of the logistics industry, this paper analyzes the promotion of China tobacco industry foreign trade, improves the impact of the global tobacco industry on China tobacco trade deficit, and provides practical significance for the globalization of China tobacco trade.

Short- and Long-Horizon Behavioral Anomalies and Institutional Investors’ Nudge Behavior: Based on the Data of Listed Chinese Tobacco Companies

We use the data of listed tobacco companies in China to study the existence of short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies and the impact of institutional investors’ behavior on them. We found that the existing asset pricing models cannot explain the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies based on tobacco enterprise data. Conversely, the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies can explain the exciting asset pricing factors. Compared with existing asset pricing models, behavioral anomalies have a stronger ability to explain anomalies. Behavioral anomalies could pass the cross-sectionally test and strengthened over time. The above results indicate that behavioral anomalies exist in China tobacco enterprisest significantly and are time-varying. We found that the limits to arbitrage and cognitive bias lead to the existence of behavioral anomalies through mechanism tests. Institutional investors did not play the role of price discovery. Instead, their nudge behavior strengthens the short- and long-horizon behavioral anomalies. Therefore, tobacco regulatory agencies should guide listed tobacco companies to broaden information channels to reduce information asymmetry in the market through relevant policies, strengthen the supervision of institutional investors’ bubble riding behavior, and promote the healthy development of the tobacco market.

Countermeasures for Tobacco Industrial Cluster Development

Nowadays, the deepening globalization of the world economy promotes the economic development to present more and more obvious regionalization characteristics, and industrial clusters are increasingly becoming an important source for a country or region to achieve competitive advantages. China is the largest tobacco country in the world, and the tobacco industry is the largest source of tax revenue in China, which has made outstanding contributions to the national financial accumulation. After joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and signing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Con trol (FCTC) o f the World Health Organization (WHO), the competition in the domestic and foreign tobacco markets has become increasingly fierce, and more attention to health issues has put forward higher requirements for the development of China's tobacco industry. Therefore, the Chinese tobacco industry urgently needs to use industrial clusters to form economies of scale and enhance market competitiveness. Overall, the development level of China's tobacco industry is not high. Due to some existing problems that restrict the development of tobacco industry clusters, some measures must be taken to enhance the competitiveness of China's tobacco industry clusters in the world economy, such as strengthening o verall coordination and planning guidance , guiding industries from agglomeration to cluster development, actively supporting related industries, and vigorously enhancing innovation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the breakthrough point of the development of tobacco industry clusters, select the appropriate industrial clusters to focus on cultivating, strengthening the leading role, supplementing the chain and clustering, and guide and promote the healthy growth of tobacco industry clusters, so as to stimulate the growth of the national economy.

Tobacco Control Legal System Based on Environmental Protection Law Under the Background of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Objectives: This paper studies the legal system of tobacco control based on environmental protection law under the background of the Framework Convention on tobacco control. Methods: Using the research methods of comparative analysis and literature analysis, and taking the tobacco control law as the starting point, this paper expounds the development of global tobacco control civilization and the historical process of tobacco control at home and abroad. By analyzing the problems existing in the production, sales and consumption of tobacco products in China, we can trace the source in the specific links of the life cycle of tobacco products. At the same time, this paper systematically analyzes the defects of China's tobacco control system in taxation and private rights, and summarizes the shortcomings of China's tobacco control system. Results: Many cities have begun to try to enact non-smoking regulations to control smoking in public places. China's deficiencies in this regard are mainly due to the low level of relevant laws and regulations, which are basically local laws and administrative rules. The second is the problem of implementation, resulting in the inadequate or virtual implementation of many laws. Conclusion: From the development trend of various countries, the view of respecting others' health rights and gradually banning smoking has gradually become everyone's consensus. The consolidation of this understanding needs the support of laws to form a set of nonsmoking system with national laws as the core and administrative rules and local regulations as the supplement. Rights and responsibilities are clear, and rewards and punishments are based on evidence. Only in this way can we ensure to reduce the smoking rate, protect everyone's health, and finally form a good atmosphere of no smoking and no respect for smoking in the whole society.

Coordination Between Tobacco Resource Development and Regional Economy

Objectives: This paper studies the relationship between the development of tobacco resources and the coordination of regional economy under the background of tobacco monopoly. Methods: This paper takes the institutional change theory as the theoretical fulcrum and the cost-benefit analysis as the main line, the correlation between regional economy and the development of tobacco industry is compared. This paper expounds the evolution history and institutional characteristics of China's tobacco monopoly system, and analyzes the changes of production, supply and marketing relationship, institutional characteristics and benefit distribution of the tobacco industry in each period. After the theoretical and empirical analysis of the costs and benefits of China's tobacco monopoly system, this paper studies the role of tobacco resource development in promoting regional economy by comparing the costs and benefits of radical and gradual reform. Results: On the premise of retaining tobacco monopoly, we should take the separation of government and enterprises and the reform of tobacco fiscal and tax system as the breakthrough. This can change the tobacco industry from administrative monopoly to economic monopoly and form tobacco trust. The linkage mechanism of "tax, profit and price" should be established to protect the interests of tobacco farmers. A tobacco auction center shall be established and a third-party tobacco rating agency shall be guided. Conclusion: The net income of the new system is higher than that of the old system. The healthy development of tobacco industry can promote regional economy.

Retrospective Analysis of Tobacco Control Measures and Policies in China

Objectives: Tobacco control measures can be divided into three types: regulatory, economic, and informational respectively. This paper focuses on the role and effect of different types of tobacco control measures during the epidemic prevention and control period in China. Conclusion: Firstly, as strong and powerful measures, economic measures can significantly reduce cigarette sales in the short term. However, the Chinese government did not adjust the cigarette consumption-tax rate during the period. Economic measures thus did not play an important role. Secondly, Due to few people in public places and workplaces, regulatory measures were "out of effect" in a short term. Therefore, there were insufficient evidence to find out whether regulatory measures are effective or not. Finally, China's tobacco production increased slightly during this period. This reflected that informational measures did not play an effective role.

Overview of Internet of Things and Its Application in Tobacco Industry Enterprise Management

With the continuous efforts of human beings, great progress has been made in the development of society, and socioeconomic level and science and technology have achieved great development. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was first proposed in the 1990s. So far, research on the IoT has been ongoing. The development of the IoT to this day has achieved certain results and is gradually applied in various industries. The tobacco industry has always occupied a large proportion in China’s economic market and is an indispensable part of my country's national economy. Reasonable and effective business management can promote the stable development of China's tobacco industry. This article first introduces the IoT technology, then analyzes the advantages of the IoT application in tobacco industry enterprise management, and finally discusses the practical application of the IoT in tobacco industry enterprise management.

Tobacco control challenges in China: Big data analysis of online tobacco marketing information

ObjectiveTo develop tobacco control strategies by analyzing online tobacco marketing information in China. MethodsUsing web-crawler software, this study acquired 106,485 pieces of online tobacco marketing information published on 11 different Internet platforms including Weibo, WeChat, Baidu, etc., from January–June 2018. The data were used to investigate the characteristics and social networks of online tobacco marketing via content and social network analysis. ResultsThe total volume of online tobacco marketing during the study period was high, showing a positive trend. Of all the marketing subjects, those involving “flavor capsule”, “Marlboro”, and “Esse” were the most popular. The Weibo platform had the highest volume of online tobacco marketing information as well as the largest proportion of explicit marketing information. This was followed by other social media platforms such as Baidu Search, Baidu Tieba, and Xiaohongshu, where implicit marketing information predominated. The overall network structure of tobacco websites exhibited a significant centralization feature, where traditional and novel tobacco websites formed two clusters with almost no intersections. The China Tobacco Science and Education Website (http://www.tobaccoinfo.com.cn/) and E-Cigarette Home (http://ecigm.com/) were the two nodes of the highest degree centrality within the respective “circle”, while the China Tobacco Monopoly Bureau Website (http://www.tobacco.gov.cn/) was the node with the highest closeness centrality. By contrast, Baidu Tieba’s overall network structure was more decentralized, and the degree of correlation between different nodes was relatively low. ConclusionOnline tobacco marketing demonstrated high volumes and wide coverage, and an intertwined network, thereby creating major obstacles for tobacco control. To address this issue, the government should strengthen network supervision of tobacco marketing and revise its current regulations. Meanwhile, Internet platforms should improve self-regulation by comprehensively removing and blocking tobacco-related information. Lastly, the media and public should advocate associated policies and support Internet platform supervision.