Weight Children Research Articles

Pola Asuh Makan, Pengetahuan Ibu dan Status Ekonomi Orang Tua pada Balita dengan Status Gizi Bermasalah di Pusat dan Pinggir Kota

The toddler years are the most important period, where children need adequate nutrition to support their physical growth. This study aims to determine the description of parenting patterns, mothers’ knowledge level, and parents' economic status for toddlers with problem nutritional status in the city center and outskirts of the city in the work area of ​​the Gambok Health Center, Sijunjung Regency in 2022. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study was toddlers with problematic nutritional status (undernutrition and overnutrition) totaling 60 people. Collecting data using a questionnaire and direct measurement of the height and weight of children under five. The research results were analyzed univariately and displayed in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results of this study indicate that more than half of the bad parenting patterns (75%) in toddlers are found in the outskirts of the city, while in the city center, the parenting patterns are good (100%). More than half of the mothers (82.5%) have a good level of knowledge living in the city center, while more than half of the mothers (60%) have a low level of knowledge living in the Outskirts of the City. The economic status of parents in the City Center (95%) and Outskirts of the City (50%) already have sufficient economic status. Based on this, it can be concluded that parenting patterns, mothers’ level of knowledge, and parents' economic status are some of the factors that cause toddlers to have problematic nutritional status. This research can be developed by adding other factors that can affect the nutritional status of toddlers.

Design Stunting Detection Applications Using Artificial Intelligence on Android Devices

In this era, careful attention is needed to the development and growth of children, so that if there is an abnormality it can be detected as early as possible. One of the main factors that affect the growth and development of children is the nutritional factor. Lack of knowledge about growing children causes parents not to realize if their child has a disorder such as stunting. Stunting must be detected as early as possible so that solutions can be given to prevent it from happening. These problems must be corrected immediately and the development of the child is not disturbed. Therefore we need an application that can detect stunting disorders in children from an early age so that they can be handled quickly and precisely. In making this application, it will detect the child's height and weight through the camera to perform a nutritional check that detects the child is stunted or not. This application uses artificial intelligence or Artificial Intelligence based on android. Weight measurement results will be sent from the weighing system to the application using the Bluetooth address for the connection so that the weight results can be displayed on the application. Height measurement is carried out using the camera in the application which will detect the child's height through an image. The test results show that the stunting detection application is very helpful for parents to observe the growth and development of children without having to use and calculate children's nutritional problems manually.

The influence of increased protein intake and L-carnitine supply on the outcomes of term newborns in intensive therapy

We studied the possibilities of increased protein and L-carnitine supplementation in full-term newborns with perinatal diseases to improve the results of intensive care. Aim: to assess the impact of short-term increased protein consumption and L-carnitine supplementation by full-term newborns on the main indicators of treatment effectiveness in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. To check the impact of the proposed method of feeding newborns, the life indicators of 59 full-term children, who were randomly divided into two groups, were studied. The first group (n = 30) received standard nutrition with mother’s milk or formula, the second group (n = 29) received a food product fortified with a protein supplement and a subsidy of L-carnitine during hospital stay. Results. Infants of both groups had statistically equivalent anthropometric characteristics at the beginning of the study. The proportions of infants of both sexes were within the 50 % percentile. Starting from the third week, caloric intake for the standard diet group (SG) and the enrichment group (FG), respectively, was 111.83 ± 7.19 kcal/kg/day, against 113.44 ± 5.61 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.0667. Per 1 g of protein, children in the FG group had amount of non-protein calories as 28.68 (27.50; 29.80) kcal/kg/day, compared to the indicator in the SG group of 42.37 (41.60; 38.00) kcal/kg/day, with U = 28.0000; p = 0.0001. Carnitine supplementation in the FG group led to an increase in the level of free carnitine in the last blood plasma samples, before the children were discharged home. In general, the proposed nutrition strategy was accompanied by better indicators of the physical development of children, and a statistically probable faster recovery of body weight in the fortification group. Thus, the generalized indicator of body weight of children of the SG group was 3966.90 ± 439.08 g, compared to the FG group of 3554.62 ± 452.28 g, with p = 0.0033. In general, children who consumed more protein were transferred from the intensive care unit earlier – 12.00 (11.00; 16.00) days, against 10.00 (8.00; 12.00) days, with U = 235,00; p = 0.0024; previously discharged from the hospital – 26.50 (22.00; 31.00) days, against 21.00 (19.00; 27.00) days, with U = 267.00, p = 0.0109. This strategy proved to be safe, as confirmed by normal levels of phenylalanine and urea at all stages of the examination of children. Conclusions. Short-term increased protein consumption against the background of carnitine supplementation improves the results of physical development of newborns and indicators of hospitalization and intensive care unit stay. Larger studies and catamnestic observation of children are needed.

Parents' Experiences of Communication With School Nurses About Their Child's Weight Development in Sweden.

This study aimed to describe parents' experiences of communication with school nurses concerning the growth data and weight development of their children aged 8 and 10 years old in Sweden. Eighteen interviews with parents were conducted and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The result showed a need for improved dialogue where the parents viewed the health visit's purpose as unclear and lacked feedback. The parents desired access to their child's growth data and described the need for an improved channel for receiving information. The parents moreover experienced the lack of a child-centered perspective, described the child's context as not in focus, and desired collaboration around their child. This study shows the need for the development of evidence-based methods for communicating growth data and weight development between School Health Service (SHS) and parents, as well as the need for a reformed SHS perspective towards parents and children.

Faster rehabilitation weight gain during childhood is associated with risk of non-communicable disease in adult survivors of severe acute malnutrition.

Nutritional rehabilitation during severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aims to quickly restore body size and minimize poor short-term outcomes. We hypothesized that faster weight gain during treatment is associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adult life. Anthropometry, body composition (DEXA), blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin and lipids were measured in a cohort of adults who were hospitalized as children for SAM between 1963 and 1993. Weight and height measured during hospitalization and at one year post-recovery were abstracted from hospital records. Childhood weight gain during nutritional rehabilitation and weight and height gain one year post-recovery were analysed as continuous variables, quintiles and latent classes in age, sex and minimum weight-for-age z-scores-adjusted regression models against adult measurements. Data for 278 adult SAM survivors who had childhood admission records were analysed. Of these adults, 85 also had data collected 1 year post-hospitalisation. Sixty percent of participants were male, mean (SD) age was 28.2 (7.7) years, mean (SD) BMI was 23.6 (5.2) kg/m2. Mean admission age for SAM was 10.9 months (range 0.3-36.3 months), 77% were wasted (weight-for-height z-scores<-2). Mean rehabilitation weight gain (SD) was 10.1 (3.8) g/kg/day and 61.6 (25.3) g/day. Rehabilitation weight gain > 12.9 g/kg/day was associated with higher adult BMI (difference = 0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9, p = 0.02), waist circumference (difference = 1.4 cm, 95% CI: 0.4-2.4, p = 0.005), fat mass (difference = 1.1 kg, 95% CI: 0.2-2, p = 0.02), fat mass index (difference = 0.32kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.0001-0.6, p = 0.05), and android fat mass (difference = 0.09 kg, 95% CI: 0.01-0.2, p = 0.03). Post-recovery weight gain (g/kg/month) was associated with lean mass (difference = 1.3 kg, 95% CI: 0.3-2.4, p = 0.015) and inversely associated with android-gynoid fat ratio (difference = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.07to-0.001 p = 0.045). Rehabilitation weight gain exceeding 13g/kg/day was associated with adult adiposity in young, normal-weight adult SAM survivors. This challenges existing guidelines for treating malnutrition and warrants further studies aiming at optimising these targets.

Penanggulangan Kasus Gizi Kurang Dengan Intervensi Demo Masak Di Desa Rugemuk Kec. Pantai Labu

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;Medan City is a part of North Sumatra Province. The prevalence of undernutrition and malnutrition in Medan City in 2013 was 19.3%, consisting of 4.2% of malnutrition and 15.1% of undernourished. This prevalence rate is close to the national figure, which is 19.6%. Meanwhile, based on the 2015 MDG's target, the prevalence of malnutrition and under-five children is 15.5%, this prevalence rate is included in the high category. The methods used in this community service are counseling, demonstrations and measurement of nutritional status. The result of the service is that counseling is carried out 3 times. It was carried out once at the Puskesmas Rugemuk Pantai Labu District. In the cooking demonstration, the material provided is the use of abundant ingredients from Rugemuk Village, such as sea fish, shrimp, squid into various foods that have high nutritional value and are of sale value. The processed food is in the form of fish nuggets. From the results of the intervention and observations made, there are several children in Rugemuk Village whose nutritional status is lacking. The conclusion in this service is that the intervention activities carried out to solve the problem are counseling to the community as well as data collection and measurement of height and weight in children. All activities went well and smoothly, counseling to the community as well as data collection and measurement of height and weight for children.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

Maternal gestational diabetes and childhood adiposity risk from 6 to 8 years of age.

Previous studies found conflicting results on the association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and childhood overweight/obesity. This study was to assess the association between maternal GDM and offspring's adiposity risk from 6 to 8 years of age. The present study longitudinally followed 1156 mother-child pairs (578 GDM and 578 non-GDM) at 5.9 ± 1.2 years postpartum and retained 912 mother-child pairs (486 GDM and 426 non-GDM) at 8.3 ± 1.6 years postpartum. Childhood body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat and skinfold were measured using standardized methods. Compared with the counterparts born to mothers with normal glucose during pregnancy, children born to mothers with GDM during pregnancy had higher mean values of adiposity indicators (waist circumference, body fat, subscapular skinfold and suprailiac skinfold) at 5.9 and 8.3 years of age. There was a positive association of maternal GDM with changes of childhood adiposity indicators from the 5.9-year to 8.3-year visit, and β values were significantly larger than zero: +0.10 (95% CI: 0.02-0.18) for z score of BMI for age, +1.46 (95% CI: 0.70-2.22) cm for waist circumference, +1.78% (95% CI: 1.16%-2.40%) for body fat, +2.40 (95% CI: 1.78-3.01) mm for triceps skinfold, +1.59 (95% CI: 1.10-2.09) mm for subscapular skinfold, and +2.03 (95% CI: 1.35-2.71) mm for suprailiac skinfold, respectively. Maternal GDM was associated with higher risks of childhood overweight/obesity, central obesity, and high body fat (Odd ratios 1.41-1.57 at 5.9 years of age and 1.73-2.03 at 8.3 years of age) compared with the children of mothers without GDM. Maternal GDM was a risk factor of childhood overweight/obesity at both 5.9 and 8.3 years of age, which was independent from several important confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, children's birth weight and lifestyle factors. This significant and positive association became stronger with age.

Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 3 - 5 Years at Hasanuddin Mandai Community Health Center, Mandai District, Maros Regency

Nutritional problems are essentially a public health problem, but overcoming them cannot be done with a medical approach and health services alone. The causes of nutritional problems are multifactorial, therefore the approach to overcoming them must involve various related sectors. Based on data from the South Sulawesi Health Service in 2005, there were 14,650 (3.45%) children under five who were malnourished. Meanwhile, in the city of Maros, there were 463 (2.40%) children under five who were malnourished, and in particular at the Hasanuddin Mandai Community Health Center in 2006 there were 35 (10.17%) children aged 3 - 5 years who were malnourished. This study aims to determine the factors related to the nutritional status of children aged 3 - 5 years at the Hasanuddin Mandai Community Health Center, Mandai District, Maros Regency. The research design used in this research is analytical descriptive using the "Cross Sectional Study" approach method. The sample in this study was 77 children aged 3 - 5 years who were at the location at the time of the research using the Purposive Sample technique . The way to collect data is by taking measurements of the child's weight, then making observations and distributing questionnaires to respondents. To determine the factors related to the nutritional status of children aged 3 - 5 years, the Pearson Chi Square Test was used with a significance level of ? = 0.05 in SPSS version 12. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the factors of children's diet and mother's knowledge. , maternal occupation and parenting patterns with children's nutritional status, but there is an insignificant relationship between maternal education and family income and nutritional status of children aged 3 - 5 years at the Hasanuddin Mandai Community Health Center, Mandai District, Maros Regency.

Validation of remote child weight and height measurements within a weight management trial.

The aim of this substudy within the Treatment Efforts Addressing Child Weight Management by Unifying Patients, Parents, and Providers (TEAM UP)pragmatic clinical trial was to compare the validity of anthropometric measurements collected remotely versus in person (≤7 days apart) among youth with obesity who were 6 to 15 years of age. Child (n = 37) weight and height were measured in person by a trained data assessor. These were compared with measurements taken remotely by the child's parent with live videoconferencing observation by a study data assessor. In-person and remote measurements were compared using Bland-Altman plots, Pearson correlations, and two one-sided paired t tests. A priori bounds of acceptability were set at ±0.68 kg to allow for typical weight fluctuations within the 7-day comparison period. Measurements were highly correlated (height: r = 0.991, p < 0.0001; weight: r = 0.999; p = 0.03). For height, two one-sided t tests for upper, t(36) = 3.95, and lower, t(36) = -2.63, bounds (-1, 1) revealed an overall p = 0.006; absolute error was 3.5 cm. For weight, two one-sided t tests for upper, t(36) = 1.93, and lower, t(36) = -7.91, bounds (-0.68, 0.68) revealed an overall p = 0.03; absolute error was 1.7 kg. The present findings support the utility and interpretation of remotely assessed weight management outcomes for both research and clinical purposes. These procedures may offer greater accessibility to evidence-based measurement.

Effect of Formula Modisco Supplementation on Weight Gain in Malnourished Toddlers In the Kendari City Health Center

Background: There were 32 cases of malnourished children in 2022 at the Kendari City Health Center. Formulas Modisco can be used as a supplementary food to improve the weight of malnourished children. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of Modisco formula on the weight gain of malnourished children. The variables in this study are Modisco formula and the increase in weight of malnourished children. Methods: The population in this study is malnourished children, and a total of 32 children were sampled by using total sampling technique. The research design was used a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental study and using paired t-test analysis. Results: The statistical test results showed that the alpha value was &lt; 0.05, which is 0.000, indicating that there is an influence of Modisco formula on the weight gain of malnourished children. Conclusion: It is recommended to promote the use of Modisco formula as a supplementary food for malnourished children and to modify the formula by incorporating local ingredients to create snacks for children.

Studying the impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on childhood obesity, health behaviors, and disparities in an observational cohort: Protocol for the COVID-19 Family Study

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic control policies, including school closures, suspended extra-curricular activities, and social distancing, were introduced to prevent viral transmission, and disrupted children's daily routines, health behaviors, and wellness. This observational cohort study among 697 families with children or adolescents, based on the Family Stress Model, aims to: 1) evaluate pre- to during-pandemic changes in child health behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep) and weight gain, 2) identify mechanisms explaining the changes, and 3) determine projected healthcare costs on weight gain and obesity. Each aim includes an examination by racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities. MethodsThe study employs a mixed methods design, recruiting children and their caregivers from two obesity prevention trials halted in 2020. Enrolled participants complete annual surveys to assess child health behaviors, family resources, routines, and demographics, and home environment in 2020–2022. Height and weight are measured annually in 2021–2022. Annual semi-structured interviews are conducted within a subsample to understand mechanisms of observed changes. Multilevel mixed models and mediation analyses are used to examine changes in child health behaviors and weight gain and mechanisms underlying the changes. Qualitative data are analyzed within and across time points and integrated with quantitative findings to further explain mechanisms. Markov models are used to determine healthcare costs for unhealthy child behaviors and weight gain. ConclusionFindings from this study will aid in understanding pandemic-related changes in child health behaviors and weight status and will provide insights for the implementation of future programs and policies to improve child and family wellness.

The effect of parental diabetes prevention program participation on weight loss in dependent children: a prospective cohort study

IntroductionObesity has reached epidemic proportions in children and adolescents in the United States. Children’s behaviors are strongly influenced by parental behaviors, and weight loss in parents is positively associated with weight changes in their overweight/obese children. Research is limited on how parents’ National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participation affects the health outcomes of their dependent children. Analyzing the impact of parental DPP participation on weight loss in their dependent children may provide valuable insight into an important secondary benefit of DPP participation.MethodsIn this study, we identified 128 adults with prediabetes who were offered the opportunity to participate in a DPP (n = 54 DPP participants and n = 74 DPP non-participants) and who had at least one child 3 to 17 years of age living with them. Age and BMI percentile for dependent children were collected from insurance claims data for 203 children (n = 90 children of DPP participants and n = 113 children of DPP non-participants). Parental practices related to diet and physical activity were assessed by surveys.ResultsThere were no significant changes in BMI percentiles of overweight or obese children (i.e. BMI percentile ≥ 50%) of DPP participants vs DPP non-participants with prediabetes over one-year. Parents who enrolled and did not enroll in the DPP did not report differences in their parenting practices related to diet and physical activity.DiscussionThese results are not consistent with the literature that suggests parent-based interventions may influence their children’s weight trajectories. Limitations include small sample size, short time span of intervention, and limited availability of additional health/biographic data on dependent children. Future studies should collect primary outcome data on children, investigate whether there is a minimum duration of parental involvement and level of parental adherence, and assess the effect of parent–child dynamics on child weight trajectories.

Influence of body mass index on health complains and life satisfaction

PurposeThis research work investigates the influence of children’s weight status on well-being and school context in a sample of Spanish adolescences.MethodsThe Spanish records from the 2013–14 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey are used, which gathers 9,565 adolescences aged 11, 13 and 15. Studies do not usually address the endogeneity of body mass index when analysing their effect on life satisfaction and health complaints, thus resulting in biased estimates. Considering the endogeneity of body mass index, we use the frequency of alcohol consumption as an instrumental variable in order to obtain consistent estimates of its influence.ResultsThe two-stage least squares estimation shows that children’s body mass index has a significant negative influence on health complaints and it conditions the way children relate to each other at school. Likewise, results report significant influence on children’s subjective well-being and their self-assessment of general health.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide compelling evidence that BMI plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents’ well-being and their interactions with peers at school. These findings underscore the importance of addressing childhood overweight and promoting healthy body mass index levels. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to combat the social stigma associated with being overweight, fostering a more inclusive and supportive school environment for all students.

Prenatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and adiposity measures of children at 4 and 6 years: A prospective birth cohort in China

There is growing evidence that prenatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was associated with childhood obesity, but evidence on multiple adiposity measures including arm circumference (AC), and waist circumference (WC) among Chinese children is limited. We investigated the associations of prenatal exposure to PFAS with adiposity measures of children at 4 and 6 years of age in the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study. A total of 573 mother-child pairs with maternal PFAS concentrations and at least one measurement of adiposity measures of children were included in the present study. Eleven PFAS were assessed in maternal fasting blood samples. Information on children's weight, height, AC, and WC was collected at follow-ups. Weight for age Z score (WAZ), body mass index for age Z score (BMIz), and children overweight were calculated based on the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. Multivariate linear regression, Poisson regression with robust error variance, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were used to examine the associations of prenatal exposure to PFAS with children's adiposity measures. Eight PFAS with detection rates above 85 % were included in the analyses. In the multivariate linear regression models, maternal PFNA concentrations were associated with a greater AC (β = 0.29, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.04–0.55) in 4-year-old children and with an increase in WAZ (β = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.06–0.46), BMIz (β = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.53), AC (β = 0.49, 95 % CI: 0.08–0.90), and WC (β = 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.41–2.52) in 6-year-old children. We also observed the associations of maternal concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, PFUdA, and PFTrDA with the increased risk of children overweight in 6-year-old children. BKMR models further supported the findings from multivariate linear regression and Poisson regression models, and identified PFNA as the most important contributor. Moreover, the associations described above were generally more pronounced in girls. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to PFAS was associated with an increased risk of children's adiposity with a sex-specific manner, and PFNA contributed most to the associations after controlling for the effect of co-exposure to other PFAS compounds, especially among girls at 6 years of age.

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow's, goat's and sheep's milk - dietary intake and risk assessment.

Milk from cows, goats and sheep was analysed in terms of content of fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Altogether, 73 milk samples from cows (n = 38), goats (n = 20) and sheep (n = 15) were collected from various regions of Poland. Concentrations of analytes were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The lower-bound sum of four PFAS (∑4 PFASs) concentrations (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) were highest in sheep's (0.0055 μg/kg), lower in goat's (0.0046 μg/kg), and lowest in cow's milk (0.0008 μg/kg). Goat's and sheep's milk was statistically significantly more contaminated than cow's milk. None of the samples exceeded the indicative values set by Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/1431, and even the maximum detected concentrations were an order of magnitude lower. The most frequently detected was linear PFOS, which was found in 33%, 76% and 93% of cow's, goat's and sheep's milk samples, respectively. Based on mean upper-bound ∑4 PFAS concentrations and average milk consumption, the estimated intake of ∑4 PFASs ranged from 0.153 to 0.266 ng/kg body weight (b.w.) for children and from 0.050 to 0.88 ng/kg b.w. for adults, which indicates that exposure is very low and is merely <7% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for children and <2% of the TWI for adults. Regardless of the milk type, the intake of PFASs via consumption of Polish milk does not contribute significantly to the overall PFAS intake of either adults or children.

Relationship Between Birth Weight and Asthma Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Based on the National Survey of Children’s Health in the U.S.

ObjectiveTo assess the association between birth weight and childhood asthma risk using data from the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health database.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe USA.PatientsA representative cohort of American children.ExposureThe exposure...

Analysis of Macro Nutrient Intake in Toddlers at The Risk of Wasting (Case Study of Picky Eater in Toddlers in The Working Area Puskesmas Rawat Inap Cempaka)

Wasting is a form of malnutrition that reflects a child's weight being too thin for his height, marked by a BB/TB z-score less than -2 Standard Deviation (SD) for wasting and a BB/TB z-score less than -3 SD for severe wasting. Quantitative study with Case Control design. The sample consisted of 35 children in the case group and 35 children in the control group. Intake of macronutrient intake with recall 1 x 24 hours 3 times. The picky eater variable was measured using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Analysis used Descriptive Test Univariate analysis, Biavariate Chi-Square Analysis and multivariate analysis using Logistic Regression. There was relationships between nutritional status (0.001), intake of carbohydrates (0.001), protein (0.016), fat (0.014), and behavior (0.002) with the incidence of picky eaters. Logistic Regression Test with Exp (B) valued respectively carbohydrate intake and protein intake. Logistic Regression Test with Exp (B) values respectively carbohydrate intake and protein intake. The conclusion of this study shows the relationship between the nutritional status of toddlers, intake of carbohydrates, protein, fat and behavior with the incidence of picky eaters.

Critical period for better nutrition among severely acute malnourished children up to two years of age: a hospital-based case-control study, Gujarat, Western India

Background: Nutrition in the first two years of life is important for growth and development among children. To tackle undernutrition during this period, timely initiation of breastfeeding and quality of complementary feeding practices are essential. So, this study was planned to determine feeding practices associated with severe acute malnutrition children. Methods: This was hospital-based case-control study with 1:1 ratio of cases (77) and controls (77). Cases and controls were matched for age and sex. Cases were selected from Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre and controls from Immunization clinic. Mothers were interviewed about feeding practices, immunization status and illness of their child. Weight and height of children were also measured. Results: Children who received pre-lacteal feeding were associated with SAM. Most of cases (62.3%) and controls (70.1%) had received breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth. Among children of &lt;7 months age, 71.4% cases breast-fed &lt;8 times in 24 hours. Among children of 7 months to 2 years, SAM was associated with children who were not received complementary feeding (CF) at correct age, not received semi-solid/solid diet, CF not added with ghee/oil and feeding frequency &lt;5 times in day. Among cases 18.2% and only 1.3% controls had &gt;3 ARI episodes in last 6 months. Conclusions: Among identified independent risk factors (p&lt;0.05), type of CF, not adding ghee/oil in CF and feeding frequency (BF+CF) &lt;5 times were associated with SAM among 7 months to 2 years. Hospitalization history and &gt;3 ARI episodes in last 6 months were also associated with SAM.

Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols with BMI growth trajectories in offspring within the first two years: evidence from a birth cohort study in China.

Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood. These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory of children aged up to twoyears and to identify the critical exposure periods. A total of 826 mother-offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015. Maternal urine samples collected during the first, second, and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S, and bisphenol F (BPF) concentrations. Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24months. Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference, and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories. The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns: low-stable (n = 134, 16.2%), low-increasing (n = 142, 17.2%), moderate-stable (n = 350, 42.4%), and moderate-increasing (n = 200, 24.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester [odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-4.43] and BPF during the third trimester (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.55-6.95) at the highest quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis by infant sex, the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.04-7.68). Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF (a commonly used substitute for BPA) is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first twoyears, increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern. Video Abstract (MP4 120033kb).

Enhancing Nutritional Status in Children with Cerebral Palsy: The Impact of Parental Feeding Rules Counseling and Special Spoon Utilization

The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect on Parental Feeding Rules Counseling and Utilization of Special Spoons on the Nutritional Status for children with cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience nutritional deficiencies resulting from food intake challenges caused by brain and nervous impairments. However, parental implementation, such as counseling on feeding rules and the use of specialized spoons, needs to be improved. Method: A Pre Experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest approach, namely counseling on feeding rules and the utilization of specialized spoons, on the food intake and nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. The research was conducted at Griya Lare Utami and Special Need Schools 1 Bantul, with a minimum sample size of 18 parent-child pairs with cerebral palsy, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using bivariate analysis with the Paired t-test. Result: Child weight and Stature have increase. Conclusion: The intervention programme seemed to increase in the weight and stature indicator, but there has been no change in the nutritional status of BMI-for-age and Length-for-age.