Role In Children Research Articles

The Lives of Infamous Children: Living Children's Roles in Cases of Suspicious Infant Deaths and Infanticide in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Ontario

This article examines children's roles in infanticide cases in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Ontario. Using criminal and coroner case files, it argues for the value of fragmentary evidence to reveal the varied ways girls and boys participated in and reported on suspicious infant deaths. Children could be involved in helping to dispose of infant remains from births in their households and were otherwise witnesses to girls’ and women's reproductive crises. They advocated for their mothers who had been accused of infanticide. The article argues that age is a crucial category for the study of infanticide.

Risk-Taking Behaviors of Young Children: The Role of Children's and Parents' Socioemotional and Cognitive Control Systems.

To prevent young children's injuries, studies have considered both child (e.g., temperament, age, sex) and parent factors (e.g., parental supervision and style, attachment) associated with risk-taking behaviors. Building on risk-taking theory literature, Jonas and Kochanska (Jonas & Kochanska, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 46:1573-1583, 2018) adapted the dual systems model (Steinberg, Developmental Review 28:78-106, 2008) to children and suggested that risk-taking propensity arises from an imbalance between the overactivation of the child's socioemotional system (sensation seeking or traits of surgency) and the lower cognitive control system (lack of self-regulation or of effortful control). However, from an intergenerational transmission perspective, it is relevant to consider the role both parents' and the children's socioemotional and cognitive control systems have on a child's risk-taking behaviors. The current longitudinal study is the first to examines sensation seeking and lack of self-regulation in parents in addition to the child's surgency-effortful control imbalance to understand the child's risk-taking behaviors. The sample comprised 177 two-parent families (89 boys) observed at two time points (child age ranges: 12-18months and 24-30months). Both parents provided sociodemographic information and completed self-reported questionnaires on sensation seeking and self-regulation, child's temperament and risk-taking behaviors. Results showed that fathers' higher sensation-seeking and mothers' lack of self-regulation were associated with higher children's risk-taking behaviors. After controlling for these parent factors and child sex, child surgency-effortful imbalance was strongly associated with higher children's risk-taking behaviors. An adapted dual systems model including both parents (sensation seeking and self-regulation) and children (surgency-effortful imbalance) seems a promising avenue to a fuller understanding of children's risk-taking behaviors.

Empirische Arbeit: Vocabulary Acquisition of Bilingual Preschoolers in Different Train-ing Conditions: The Role of Children’s First Language

Empirische Arbeit: Vocabulary Acquisition of Bilingual Preschoolers in Different Train-ing Conditions: The Role of Children’s First Language

Children as agents of cultural adaptation.

The human capacity for culture is a key determinant of our success as a species. While much work has examined adults' abilities to create and transmit cultural knowledge, relatively less work has focused on the role of children (approx. 3-17 years) in this important process. In the cases where children are acknowledged, they are largely portrayed as acquirers of cultural knowledge from adults, rather than cultural producers in their own right. In this paper, we bring attention to the important role that children play in cultural adaptation by highlighting the structure, function, and ubiquity of the large body of knowledge produced and transmitted by children, known as peer culture. Supported by evidence from diverse disciplines, we argue that children are independent producers and maintainers of these autonomous cultures, which exist with regularity across diverse societies, and persist despite compounding threats. Critically, we argue peer cultures are a source of community knowledge diversity, encompassing both material and immaterial knowledge related to geography, ecology, subsistence, norms, and language. Through a number of case studies, we further argue that peer culture products and associated practices - including exploration, learning, and the retention of abandoned adult cultural traits - may help populations adapt to changing ecological and social conditions, contribute to community resilience, and even produce new cultural communities. We end by highlighting the pressing need for research to more carefully investigate children's roles as active agents in cultural adaptation.

Patient Navigation in Mothers at Risk for and Surviving with Breast/Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Children's Ages in Program Utilization and Health Outcomes.

Many women at risk for and surviving with breast/ovarian cancer are simultaneously raising children. These women often experience unique challenges due to concurrent demands as both parents and patients with cancer. Community-based cancer control organizations offer vital patient navigation (PN), including psychoeducational services. Yet, little is known about how PN addresses these mothers' comprehensive care needs. We examined PN program data from N = 1758 women served by a national cancer organization. Out of the 69% of navigated women who were mothers, most were raising adult children only (age ≥ 18; 56%); however, 31% were mothers with young children only (age < 18), and 13% were mothers with both adult and young children (χ2 = 341.46, p < 0.001). While mothers with adult children reported poorer quality of life (QoL) than mothers with young children (physically unhealthy days, t = -2.2, df = 526, p < 0.05; total unhealthy days, t = -1.2, df = 533, p < 0.05), there were no significant differences in their PN experiences. For mothers with young children, a better QoL was associated with a lower genetic risk for cancer (r = -0.12) and a stronger sense of psychosocial empowerment (r = 0.10) (all p's < 0.05). In an adjusted multivariate regression model of QoL, as empowerment increased, the influence of PN quality decreased (ß = -0.007, SE of ß = 0.00, p = 0.02), suggesting that strengthening mothers of young children's sense of agency over their breast/ovarian cancer is critical to achieving overall well-being. CBO-led cancer control programming that supportively cares for mothers across their cancer journey can be essential to their QoL, especially for those who are raising minors.

Being a parent with a physical disability: A systematic review.

There is a significant gap in the literature with regards to the synthesis of qualitative research that explores the parenting experiences of parents with physical disabilities. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence regarding the experiences of parents with acquired and congenital physical disabilities. This article presents a thematic synthesis of qualitative research carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were identified through searches of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and backward snowballing. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used as a quality assessment tool. Eleven articles were included in this review, and all were deemed to be high quality. Seven themes were identified: stigmatization and the need to prove competence as a parent; feeling underrepresented as a parent with a physical disability; environmental limitations; experiences of accessing support; using skills and strategies to fulfill parenting role; children's roles and reactions, and changes as they grow; and safety, wellness, and health when parenting with a physical disability. The findings emphasize the adaptability and resourcefulness of parents with physical disabilities in navigating environments that can be unsupportive, while continuing to prioritize their children's safety and well-being. The need for community peer-support groups and health care professionals who can provide emotional support, further public education with regards to the capabilities of parents with physical disabilities, prioritization of accessibility in public and private spaces, and the development of adapted childcare equipment, were all highlighted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Empowering Voices: Understanding Children's Roles and Preferences in Shared Decision-Making

Introduction: Shared decision-making (SDM) in paediatric healthcare presents a unique dynamic involving children, parents, and healthcare professionals. While previous research has focused on the roles of parents and healthcare professionals in this process, little attention has been given to the roles adopted by children themselves. This study aimed to explore the nature of children’s participation and their preferred roles in the SDM process during hospitalisation. Method: Using a genP6 qualitative approach, data was collected from 26 hospitalised children aged 7 to 12 years, their parents, and 48 healthcare professionals across three teaching hospitals in Malaysia. Data collection involved participant observation and a single interview with nine of the study’s child participants. Results: Children assumed either passive or active roles in the SDM process, with their roles fluctuating depending on the circumstances and adult involvement in communication. While some children were content with passive participation, others expressed a desire for greater involvement. Those who actively participated appreciated their role. Conclusion: The study highlights the challenge of determining the most appropriate role for children, as their preferences may not consistently align with their actual level of participation. Those involved in SDM with children must possess the ability to thoroughly understand their desires and communication needs, ensuring that their active involvement is both meaningful and fulfilling.

Readjustment of Children's Roles and Social Relationships after Parental Divorce

This article examined children’s adjustment to their social roles and relationships after their parents’ divorce. This research was based on empirical data collected through interviews and observations of children aged 18 years and under. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and interpretatively. Research revealed that the dynamics of the relationship between parents after divorce have a direct influence on children’s readjustment. Positive adjustment was seen when parents maintained a good relationship (as friends), and children continued their normal activities such as school and social interactions. On the other hand, if the parental relationship is not friendly, children tend to make negative adjustments, which have a detrimental impact on children, such as boys often fighting, addicted to cigarettes and gambling, but are also found to work while going to school to contribute to the family income and get married at a young age. Girls tend to withdraw and stay at home. These findings emphasized the important role of parental relationships in helping children’s adjustment after divorce. Establishing a healthy co-parenting dynamic is critical to supporting their successful adaptation to the new family structure. Keywords: readjustment, parent’s divorce, children’s roles; social relationships

A Continuing Care Program at Home on Caregiver’s Role for Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Study

Caregivers should have adequate caring roles knowledge of children to increase the quality of life of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Aim: To develop and evaluate the effect of a home-based continuing care program on the role of caregivers for children with CHD. This pilot study was a quasi-experiment with one group pre-posttest without control group design and conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 in Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala. Thirty caregivers were recruited using a multistage random sampling technique. The program covered teaching, demonstration, and feedback equipped with a manual of CHD for six weeks. The self-developed caregiver role questionnaire was provided to evaluate caregiver care roles. The paired t-test was applied to evaluate the different scores of the caring roles before and after the program with the significant p value &lt; 0.05. The scores of the caregivers’ roles for children with CHD after receiving the program were significantly higher than the scores before receiving the program (t = 6.20, p &lt; .001). Continuing care programs enhance caring roles related knowledge of children with CHD. This program is recommended to apply continuously for caregivers of children with CHD at the outpatient or as part of discharge planning

Conceptualizing the social networks of children of parents with serious mental illness: a thematic analysis.

Social networks, defined as the set of active and significant ties surrounding an individual, influence the wellbeing of vulnerable children. The best evidenced mechanism through which this occurs is where networks act as a vehicle to access social support. Little is known about the content and function of social networks of children of parents with severe and enduring mental illness (COPMI). COPMI are a frequently under-identified vulnerable child population at risk of negative outcomes. This qualitative study investigates the structure, role and function of these children's networks. Researchers conducted 17 semi-structured egocentric social network interviews. Interviews incorporated personal network mapping as a data collection method. COPMI were recruited through third sector organizations and interviewed across three sites in England. Data was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Five network features were identified (i) parents as primary providers of support (i) limited networks and diminished connections over time (iii) substitutable ties (formal and informal) (iv) peer connections as source of both support and strain (v) coping strategies: self-censorship, avoidance and animals. Children of parents with severe and enduring mental illness networks are structurally typical of vulnerable children in that they are limited, rely on parents as primary ties but allow for some substitution of support ties. COPMI-specific features included peer relationships at times as source of strain and network level coping strategies used to manage wellbeing, including pets. This latter reflects previous findings in vulnerable adult populations so far unevidenced in children. Little evidence as to the mechanistic effect at work within networks was collected. However, COPMI were clearly shown to be engaged in active management and strategising in network navigation approaches, indicating the need to engage with children in this capacity, rather than approaching them as passive recipients of support. As such, effective network level interventions for this group are likely to prioritize access to beneficial substitute ties when support is limited. Additionally, interventions that promote network navigation skills and help foster productive coping strategies can capitalize on the child's active management role within their network.

Exploring the implementation of key nursing roles in children's cardiac services.

Children's cardiac nursing roles have changed over the past decade. Royal College of Nursing (RCN) guidance and NHS England standards have been published with the aim of standardising and enhancing nursing care for children and young people with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their families. To explore the breath of implementation of key nursing roles in children's cardiac services across the UK and Ireland and to determine whether the roles met the RCN guidance and the NHS England standards. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The 150 members of the Congenital Cardiac Nurses Association (CCNA) were invited via email to participate and were sent a link to an online survey. Of the 150 potential respondents, 31 completed the survey. Overall, respondents believed that the RCN guidance had been implemented effectively and that children's cardiac nursing roles matched the RCN's example job descriptions. Respondents' comments suggested that implementation of the NHS England standards had been challenging and that progress in setting up key roles such as lead nurse, cardiac nurse educator and children's cardiac nurse specialist had been slow. Respondents felt that political and financial factors adversely affected recruitment. Since publication of the NHS England standards there has been some progress in the implementation, in children's cardiac services, of key nursing roles such as lead nurse and innovative nursing roles such as advanced nurse practitioner and research nurse. The findings of this study have informed the latest edition of the RCN guidance, which now includes the role of senior research nurse.

Cultural Barriers of Masalembu Island Fisherman Children in Continuing School

Masalembu Island is one of the outer islands of the sea area of Sumenep Regency. Most of the population are fishermen from three main tribes: Madurese, Bugis, and Mandar. One of their big problems in education is the large number of children who do not continue their education, either to high school or university level. This qualitative research aims to explore the cultural barriers for the children of Masalembu Island fishermen that cause them not to continue school. The snowball technique produced six participants, namely three children of fishermen, two heads of fishing families, and one teacher. Researchers used semi-structured interviews and observation methods to collect data, which was then analyzed using five techniques carried out iteratively: data collection, data organization, reading and making memos, description and classification, and interpretation. Analysis of research findings produced five main themes regarding the cultural barriers for fishermen's children to continue school: children as economic support for the family, views on the role of women, juvenile delinquency, the passive role of parents, and failure of college graduates to meet cultural expectations. In short, the cultural barriers of Masalembu Island fishermen children in continuing school are related to the mismatch between children's roles at school and their cultural roles in the family.

The Role of Children's Picture Books in Promoting Innovation and Creativity among Children in China

This study explored the role of children's picture books in promoting innovation and creativity among young learners in China. Recognizing the potential impact of early literacy on cognitive development, this research aimed to objectively measure how engagement with picture books influences children's creativity. Employing a quantitative research methodology, the study gathered data from a diverse sample of 1000 children aged 5 to 8 years across various urban and rural schools in China. The study utilized a stratified random sampling technique to ensure a representative distribution across socioeconomic, educational, and cultural backgrounds. Our findings reveal a significant correlation between creativity, the frequency of reading, and the diversity of books read. Moreover, parental involvement emerged as the most influential predictor of creativity scores. Although digital books positively impacted traditional reading interactions, they substantially attained higher creativity levels. The study's robust statistical model explains 72% of the variance in creativity outcomes, emphasizing the predictability of factors. The conclusion underscores the essential role of diverse and interactive reading practices in fostering children's creativity. Implications of these findings suggest that integrating a variety of picture books and encouraging parental engagement in children's reading routines can significantly enhance creative development.

Effect of Intergenerational Trends on Parental Child-Rearing Gender Role Attitudes (PCGAs) in Single-Parent Families: A Relative Mediation.

Family structures are diverse, with single-parent families being special. Single-parent families have garnered interest regarding their impact on their children's development in relation to gender roles and social adaptation. This study investigated 532 children from single-parent families (mean age = 14.81, SD = 1.62) and their parents. We collected data on the parental child-rearing gender role attitudes (PCGAs) of grandparents and parents, as well as the gender role and social adaptation of the children. The results revealed four intergenerational trends in PCGAs: progression between generations, undesirability in both generations, desirability in both generations, and retrogression between generations. An ANOVA showed that families with intergenerational desirability tended to have children with the highest gender role and social adaptation scores among the four intergenerational trends, while families with intergenerational undesirability had the lowest. A relative mediation analysis showed that compared to intergenerational undesirable PCGAs, intergenerational progress and intergenerational desirable PCGAs are beneficial for children's gender traits, and their social adaptation development is also better. The results confirm the positive effect of children's gender roles on their social adaptation, which suggests that parents should pay attention to children's gender role education, transform their PCGAs, and create a nurturing environment for children's gender role development.

Fenomena Pengalaman Pengasuh Anak Korban Kekerasan Fisik di Kota Banda Aceh: Studi Kualitatif

Background: Violence against children is a global phenomenon that poses significant challenges to the health care system because it has serious consequences for victims. Purpose: To examine the experiences of caregivers in Banda Aceh who provide assistance to children who have been physically abused. The event under consideration involves perception, adaption reaction, physiological delivery, supporting the child's adaptation process concerning interdependence, and assisting the child's adaptation process concerning self-concept, role, and function. Methods: This study used a qualitative, phenomenological approach to its investigation. The caregiver serves as the major informant for this study, providing care and meeting the needs of children who are physically abused. Key informants have traits including providing for the everyday needs of the children they live with, living at home with child victims of violence, and effectively communicating their experiences. Interviews and pertinent literature reviews were used to gather research data, which was subsequently analyzed using the Colaizzi. Results: The study's findings are as follows: 1) The caregiver is aware that the child's perception of physical violence is a result of their wrongdoings, 2) The principal caregiver observes the detrimental effects of physical abuse on the kid, 3) The violent child receives physical assistance from the primary caregiver. current physiological requirements by obtaining resources, 4) By offering moral support, the caregiver assists children who experience physical abuse in their self-concept. 5) Using techniques to enhance the child's role function, the caregiver supports children who have experienced physical abuse in this area, and 6) The caregiver seeks counseling support in order to assist children who are physically abused in the area of interdependence. Conclusion: caregivers are capable of improving perception, adaptation reactions, physiological delivery, supporting the child's adaptation process based on interdependence, and helping the child adapt to self-conceptions, roles, and functions.

Techniques for Designing Puzzle Shapes and their Role in Children’s Learning

This research aims to study designing puzzle shapes techniques and their use in teaching children. Puzzle games contribute to developing cognitive, sensory, and motor skills that require concentration and logical thinking, which can be effective in stimulating learning in children and developing their mental skills. The design idea was studied in terms of simplicity, complexity, types of traditional and digital puzzle games, and their use. Structural elements in design, such as drawings, shapes, and typographic elements, according to the Gestalt theory in designing puzzle shapes that aim to teach children, and verifying their effectiveness in stimulating their learning. This study also included an analysis of some of the techniques used in designing puzzle shapes and some mechanisms and theories of learning through games.

Children's social–emotional learning as emotional labor: Recognizing children's contributions

AbstractIn the United States, the dominant contemporary understanding of childhood is one that is cultivated through children's role as dependents, served by adults who are their providers. This framework obscures how children contribute to society through their learning and practice. This paper proposes a reconsideration of children's learning to advance the theoretical conceptualization of emotional labor so that children's contributions can be recognized. To advance an expansion of how adults understand what children's contributions to society are, I frame their social–emotional learning as the practice of emotional labor, not as them simply obtaining the skills of emotional intelligence. In doing so, I advocate for seeing children as more than learners, but also as contributors and producers.

The Relationship Between Father's Attachment And Self-Disclosure In Adolescent Girls

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents experience complex problems not only because of internal influences within themselves, but also from the influence of opportunities and support from adults, in this case parents. Fathers play a very important role in building a child's role in their environment and in determining the child's attachment status. By forming a good attachment between father and child, it is possible for teenage girls to be able to carry out self-disclosure. This study aims to determine the relationship between father attachment and self-disclosure in adolescent girls. The sample in this study consisted of 292 subjects aged 15-22 years. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale, namely attachment scale and self-disclosure scales. Test the hypothesis using Spearman Rho correlation analysis with the help of SPSS 24. The results show that There is a significant relationship between father attachment and self-disclosure in adolescent girls, with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. This means that the higher the attachment, the higher the self-disclosure in adolescent girls. The implications of this research are that it can be a reference for teenagers about the importance of attachment and making efforts to increase attachment.

Family language policy in a transnational family living in Finland: multilingual repertoire, language practices, and child agency.

Each multilingual transnational family is unique and thus deserves to be carefully studied in terms of its family language policy (FLP). Speaker-centered approaches can provide a deeper understanding of linguistic diversity in a multilingual setting. The studied Russian-Italian family is raising a multilingual boy (8:2) in Finland. The multilingual repertoire includes Russian, Italian, Finnish, English, and Hebrew. In this case-study, an ethnographic approach is used to explore the multilingual family repertoire by presenting their lived experiences and language practices. I discuss the FLP and child's active role in shaping the family's linguistic practices (child agency). The following methods were combined: semi-structured interviews, language background surveys, written diary entries, self-recordings of interactions in the family, and a language portrait that depicts the child's multilingual repertoire. The interviews and other recordings were transcribed manually. The following research questions guided the study: (1) How do the family members describe their FLP? (2) How does the FLP evolve through everyday interactions (language practices)? (3) How does the child exercise his agency in the family setting? The results reveal that the family's language practices follow predominantly an one person-one language (OPOL) strategy; consequently, the child speaks a different language with each parent. However, the analysis of the language ideologies reveals positive attitudes toward both multilingualism and all the languages in the family's repertoire, which explains the multilingual practices having multiplicity and unexpectedness. FLP is shaping the family language practices. Evidence of language hierarchy can be explained by a number of family-external and family-internal social factors.

Hubungan Attachment Ayah dengan Self-Disclosure pada Remaja Perempuan

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents experience complex problems not only because of internal influences within themselves, but also from the influence of opportunities and support from adults, in this case parents. Fathers play a very important role in building a child's role in their environment and in determining the child's attachment status. By forming a good attachment between father and child, it is possible for teenage girls to be able to carry out self-disclosure. This study aims to determine the relationship between father attachment and self-disclosure in adolescent girls. The sample in this study consisted of 292 subjects aged 15-22 year. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale, namely scale attachment and self-disclosure scales. Test the hypothesis using Spearman Rho correlation analysis with the help of SPSS 24. The results show that There is a significant relationship between father attachment and self- disclosure in adolescents girls, with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. This means that the higher the attachment, the higher the self-disclosure in adolescent girls. The implications of this research are that it can be a reference for teenagers about the importance of attachment and making efforts to increase attachment.