Negative Child Behavior Research Articles

Risk Factors Associated with Children's Behavior in Dental Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study.

One of the most crucial tasks of pediatric dentists is to control children's negative behaviors. This study aimed to assess dental behavior and the associated risk factors among children aged 4-12. This cross-sectional study recruited healthy, unaffected children aged 4 to 12 years. Parents were interviewed regarding the sociodemographic details and characteristics of their children's dental visits. Two collaborative dentists examined the children for dental caries (DMFT/DMFT) and behavioral status (Frankl's behavior rating scale). This study included 439 children: 27.3% exhibited uncooperative behavior, and the mean DMFT/dmft was 8.46 ± 3.530. Uncooperative behavior significantly increased when the dental visit was scheduled as an emergency treatment (p = 0.134; Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.530) and when there was an elevated DMFT/DMFT ratio (p < 0.001; AOR: 1.308). This study revealed a significant association between children's uncooperative behavior and their first dental visit, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to address behavioral challenges when scheduling pediatric dental care. The proactive measures included controlling caries and avoiding emergencies.

Super Parents: Preliminary Findings of a Group-Based Parenting Intervention

Super Parents is a group-based, Extension-led parenting program developed to enhance the parent-child relationship. Implemented by trained Head Start staff using the train-the-trainer model, this effort is achieved by teaching positive parenting practices, increasing parents’ knowledge of child development, instructing parents in activities and exercises for enhancing their child’s executive function skills, and encouraging the use of mindfulness techniques in parenting. The specific aims of our study were to evaluate the program's effectiveness among parents of young children ages 0 to 5 by examining changes in parenting attitudes, mindfulness, executive function, parenting efficacy, stress, and child behavior. Through the use of pre-program and post-program measures, increases were observed in a number of positive parenting behaviors and child outcomes, along with decreases in multiple negative parenting and child behaviors. Findings from this study can inform implementation decisions of other parenting programs or trainings administered by Extension educators.

Addressing fears of children with Williams syndrome: therapist and child behavior in the context of a novel play-and humor-infused exposure therapy approach.

Many children with Williams syndrome struggle with fears and phobias that significantly impact their daily lives. Yet, there is sparse literature about the impact of behavioral interventions to treat anxiety and phobias among children with Williams syndrome. Using observational coding of intervention videos, the current study examines patterns of the therapist's use of play and humor and relations to child behavioral responses for four children with Williams syndrome who were identified as treatment responders to humor- and play-infused exposure therapy for fears and anxieties. Sessions were coded for therapist behaviors (exposure with or without play/humor, stimulus type used during exposure, passive or invited attention to feared stimulus, and spontaneous parent participation in exposure) as well as positive, negative, and neutral child behaviors (verbalizations and behaviors). Temporal patterns between therapist and child behaviors were analyzed using lag sequential analyses. The results showed that tolerance of feared stimuli improved for two of the four children following this play- and humor-infused exposure therapy approach, and the remaining two participants demonstrated progress beyond tolerating the feared stimulus and showed increased positive behaviors with the feared stimulus across sessions. Findings also showed patterns of therapist attunement to the child's anxiety level demonstrated through efforts to flexibly adjust the degrees of exposure. Therapist-initiated invited attention behaviors, indicative of the therapist's use of narration and priming, were associated with child tolerance and positive behaviors during exposure to the feared stimulus. Limitations of this study include a very small sample size, short duration of intervention, and a single-subject research design, which limit the generalizability of findings. Implications and future directions of this research are discussed.

Momentary predictors of a broad range of food parenting practices within a population-based sample of parents of preschool-aged children.

The current study sought to understand the influence of momentary factors within the home and family environment, including parent stress, parent and child mood and child behaviors, on parents' use of a broad range of food parenting practices later that same day. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to evaluate parents' use of coercive, indulgent, structured and autonomy support food parenting practices, as well as numerous potentially salient momentary predictors, including parental stress, parent and child mood, and child behavior. Data were collected from 109 parents of preschool aged children multiple times per day over the course of a ten-day data collection period, allowing for temporal sequencing of momentary predictors and use of food parenting practices. With some notable exceptions, study findings align with study hypotheses in that parent stress, parent and child low mood, and child negative behaviors early in the day were found to be associated with the use of less supportive food parenting practices later that same day. For example, greater parent negative mood earlier in the day was associated with a decrease in use of feeding practices from within the structure domain later on that same day (-2.5%, p < 0.01), whereas greater parent positive mood earlier in the day was associated with an increase in use of structure later on that same day (+3.7%, p < 0.01). Greater parent stress earlier in the day was associated with an increase in the use of coercive control (+3.2%, p < 0.01) and indulgent (+3.0%, p < 0.01) practices later that same day; surprisingly, a similar increase in stress earlier in the day was also found to be associated with an increase in the use of autonomy support (5.6%, p < 0.01) feeding practices later on that same day. Developing an understanding of the types of momentary factors that influence a parent's use of particular food parenting practices across multiple contexts is a crucial next step toward developing effective interventions aimed at teaching parents to use food parenting practices that are supportive of healthful child dietary intake and eating behaviors in a way that is responsive to shifting factors.

Teacher turnover and residential instability: Exploring joint and contextual associations with child behavior

This paper explored whether within-year teacher turnover and residential instability jointly predict child behaviors when they co-occur. Specifically, we investigated this question in a nationally representative sample of Head Start children using the Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), in the years before and after the Great Recession (2006-2009); a sample and a time in which there were high rates of both turnover and residential moves. A secondary question we asked was whether children's behavior problems were only expressed in the context in which they experienced instability, such as behavior problems emerging in the classroom in response to teacher turnover, or more globally, such as seeing these behaviors at home and school. Results indicated that experiencing both forms of instability contemporaneously did not uniquely predict children's negative behaviors. However, they did find that residential instability was associated with children's behaviors both at home and school, whereas teacher turnover only predicted children's school behaviors. Notably, these effects largely emerged in the time leading up to the Great Recession; afterwards, neither form of instability consistently predicted children's negative behaviors. These findings suggest that during times of economic turmoil, residential moves are associated with larger disruptions to children's well-being, emphasizing a need for policies that act as stabilizers, such as suspending evictions. They similarly signal a need for more teacher supports during this time, as both turnover and residential instability are associated with disruptive classroom behaviors that could be difficult to manage.

“KONSELING PASTORAL MASALAH KELUARGA”

The correct parenting style can educate and teach children to grow into successful individuals according to what is expected, therefore the role of parents in educating and understanding children's problems is very important. The purpose of this research is, how parents as servants of God (pastors) can understand childcare patterns, and can understand the problems of teenagers, and also know how to deal with any negative behavior or when the child makes a mistake. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research and collected data through observation and interviews with 3 boys aged 17 years who had parents as servants of God (pastors) in Manado, researchers also conducted a literature study on parenting styles. Researchers use the theory of Edwin Charis to analyze and present ideas of thought in parenting. From this research found, two concepts of thought. The First, How can parents understand every problem of teenagers. The Second, how to deal with children's negative behavior and educate their personality to match expectations, as well as ways to cultivate obedience to children, and how to discipline children, and the right way to give attention with ears that can always listen.

Intergenerational effects of maternal PTSD: Roles of parenting stress and child sex.

Parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases children's risk for emotional and behavioral problems. We examined parenting stress and parenting behavior quality as mediators of the relation between maternal PTSD and problematic child behaviors in a sample at high risk for trauma exposure. We also examined whether child sex moderated this association. Participants were 141 African American mother-child dyads (children aged 8-12). Mothers reported PTSD severity, parenting stress, and child behavior (externalizing, internalizing, and emotional self-control). Parenting behavior quality (accounting for factors including parental warmth and engagement) was assessed from an observational parent-child interaction task. Parenting stress, but not observed parenting behavior quality, mediated the relation between maternal PTSD severity and child behaviors. Child sex moderated this association, such that the effect was stronger for girls. Maternal PTSD may be associated with negative child behavior outcomes, and this relation appears to be mediated by increased parenting stress. Stress-reducing interventions for parents with PTSD could improve child outcomes, especially for girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The effect of mother's burden on learning from home, maternal-efficacy, and maternal care practices on emotion and negative behavior of children aged 5-6 years

Mothers play a big role in every aspect of their children’s lives. During learning from home (LfH) period, children's negative behavior can also change and is influenced by maternal-efficacy, maternal burden, and parenting practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in maternal burden and parenting practices before and during LfH and to analyze the effect of mothers' burden on learning from home, maternal-efficacy, and parenting practices on the negative behavior of children aged 5-6 years. This study used a cross-sectional and retrospective study design. This research was conducted in three kindergartens with an A accreditation status in Jagakarsa Village, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta Province. The study involved 100 working mothers who were selected using non-probability sampling with a voluntary sampling technique. The results of the influence test showed that the mother's burden during LfH period had a significant negative effect on the mother's maternal efficacy, while the mother's maternal efficacy had a significant positive effect on negative parenting practices and negative child behavior. Based on the research results, the maternal-efficacy of parents was assumed to be not strong enough to prevent negative parenting practices carried out by parents during the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, negative parenting practices by mothers had a significant positive effect on children's negative behavior.

청소년이 지각한 부모의 정서적 지원과 애착이 학교폭력 피해 경험에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of positive factors, which are parental emotional support, and negative factors, such as the type of alienation, during adolescence, on the adolescents' experiences of school violence. The purpose of this study is to more clearly approach the role of parents required during adolescence by analyzing the mediating effect of parental participation in school activities. Methods For this purpose, data from the 6th year of the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study (2013) of the Korea Educational Development Institute was used. The data for students were extracted from adolescents' experiences of victimization of school violence, emotional support from parents, and marginalized variables among parental attachment, and the degree of parental participation in school activities was extracted from the data for parents. The subjects of this study were 5,707 high school first grade students and their parents' data. Results First, the emotional support of parents perceived by adolescents did not have a significant effect on their experiences of school violence. The more adolescents felt alienated from their parents, the more likely they were to experience school violence. Second, both parents' emotional support and alienation perceived by adolescents were found to be variables that significantly affected parents' participation in school activities. When the emotional support of parents perceived by adolescents was high, parents' participation in school activities was high, and the higher the degree of parental alienation, the higher the parent's participation in school activities. Third, it was found that parents' participation in school activities completely mediates between the emotional support of parents and the adolescent children's experiences of school violence, and partially mediates between the alienation among parents and the adolescent children's experiences of school violence. Conclusions The negative relationship between adolescent children and their parents appears to have an effect on the children's negative behavior in school life, so measures to reduce adolescents' experiences of school violence require school education and a cooperative effort with parents. High participation in school activities as parents during adolescence negatively affects adolescents' experiences of school violence, so a parent's role that respects adolescent autonomy is required.

Komunikasi Orangtua Terhadap Perilaku Anak di Jalan Damar 14 Perumnas Simalingkar

The purpose of this study is to find out how the communication that occurs between parents and their children at Perumnas Simalingkar and to determine the behavior of children at Perumnas Simalingkar. This study uses qualitative research methods with the aim of understanding the phenomenon in the research subject by describing it in the form of words or natural language. The theory used in this study is the theory of effective communication. The subjects in this study were children at Perumnas Simalingkar Jalan Damar 14. From the results of this study it can be concluded that positive parental communication will result in positive child behavior and negative parental communication will produce negative child behavior.

Parent Stress and Trauma, Autonomic Responses, and Negative Child Behaviors.

Cumulative stress and trauma in parents may alter autonomic function. Both may negatively impact child behaviors, however these links have not been well established. We tested hypotheses that parent stress and trauma are associated with and interact with altered autonomic function during the toy wait task, an acute parent-child interaction challenge, to predict greater negative child behaviors. Sixty-eight parents and their 2-5year old children were enrolled. More parent major and traumatic life events, and more parent recent life events coupled with increased heart rate and decreased heart rate variability (HRV), each related to more child disruptive/aggressive behavior. More major life and traumatic life events coupled with greater HRV predicted more child attention seeking behavior. Our novel approach to assessing parental life stress offers a unique perspective. Interventions mitigating parent stress and regulating physiological coping during parent-child interactions may both promote better parent health and improve child behavioral outcomes.

An event-based analysis of maternal physiological reactivity following aversive child behaviors.

Research investigating the association between parents' physiological reactivity and their ability to self-regulate in parenting contexts typically examines the average physiological response across the duration of a dyadic task, conflating reactivity across a multitude of parent and child behaviors. The present study utilized a moving-window analytical technique to generate a continuous, second × second time series of mothers' high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) to conduct an event-based analysis of maternal reactivity in the 10s following an aversive child event. Analyses examined whether maternal reactivity related to parenting behaviors similarly among maltreating (n=48) and non-maltreating (n=29) mother-preschooler dyads. Results indicate that maternal behavior was not associated with average HF-HRV reactivity, but mothers who demonstrated an increase in HF-HRV immediately following a negative child event were more likely to engage in behaviors to return the dyad to a positive state. Findings were specific to incidents of negative child behavior, and results were not moderated by maltreatment status. These results highlight the value of using an event-based design to isolate reactivity in response to targeted events to understand how physiological reactivity supports parenting.

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL YOUTUBE TERHADAP PERILAKU NEGATIF ANAK (Studi Kasus pada SDN 2 SUMBAWA)

The research objective was to find out and describe the form of using social media youtube in children (a case study on Grade 5 students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). This is to find out and describe the type of information that the children are most interested in (a case study on Grade 5 students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). To find out and describe the impact of using YouTube social media on children's negative behavior (a case study on Grade 5 Students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). Based on the research results, students can depend on technology and communication media. Students tend to do their own assignments with the help of the internet rather than group study. Can affect the relationship because of lack of control from the teacher. Students can freely access all bad websites. Reducing the social nature of humans because they tend to prefer to connect via the internet or through the media rather than meeting in person. It is likely that students without the Teacher's knowledge can access videos that contain elements of violence and aggressiveness. YouTube social media provides many benefits for life if used wisely, such as helping in the learning process. In addition, the social media youtube among students also has a negative impact, such as making children lazy to learn, feeling dependent on internet communication media and the most dangerous impact of using social media youtube, which is damaging eye health because they look at gadget screens too often, Computers and Television. Therefore, in reducing the impact of using YouTube social media, it is necessary to have supervision from parents and teachers.

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL YOUTUBE TERHADAP PERILAKU NEGATIF ANAK (Studi Kasus pada SDN 2 SUMBAWA)

The research objective was to find out and describe the form of using social media youtube in children (a case study on Grade 5 students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). This is to find out and describe the type of information that the children are most interested in (a case study on Grade 5 students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). To find out and describe the impact of using YouTube social media on children's negative behavior (a case study on Grade 5 Students of SDN 2 Sumbawa). Based on the research results, students can depend on technology and communication media. Students tend to do their own assignments with the help of the internet rather than group study. Can affect the relationship because of lack of control from the teacher. Students can freely access all bad websites. Reducing the social nature of humans because they tend to prefer to connect via the internet or through the media rather than meeting in person. It is likely that students without the Teacher's knowledge can access videos that contain elements of violence and aggressiveness. YouTube social media provides many benefits for life if used wisely, such as helping in the learning process. In addition, the social media youtube among students also has a negative impact, such as making children lazy to learn, feeling dependent on internet communication media and the most dangerous impact of using social media youtube, which is damaging eye health because they look at gadget screens too often, Computers and Television. Therefore, in reducing the impact of using YouTube social media, it is necessary to have supervision from parents and teachers.

Perkembangan Emosional Anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Sani Ashilla Ditinjau Dari Orang Tua Yang Bekerja

Emotional development is one of the important aspects of development that must be prioritized in learning through parents. This study begins with a problem that is found in the condition of students who have not been able to control their emotions when playing with their peers. This study aims to determine the emotional development of children with parents who work at Sani Ashilla Kindergarten.&#x0D; This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. To see how the emotional development of children with parents who work at TK Sani Ashilla. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. To see how the emotional development of children with parents who work at TK Sani Ashilla. The research subjects were B3 graders at Sani Ashilla Kindergarten. The research informants were classroom teachers, center teachers and school principals. Data collection techniques used interviews with classroom teachers, center teachers and school principals, observation and documentation. using interviews with classroom teachers, center teachers and school principals.The results of this study found that parents can help children's emotional development as children can control their emotions and can also share when playing with peers. And negative child behavior such as being angry when playing and not wanting to share toys with friends can be advised and given direction

The moderating effect of facial emotion recognition in maternal emotion socialization and child socioemotional adjustment

AbstractThe current study investigated relations among maternal emotion socialization, children's facial emotion recognition (FER), and children's behavioral problems. A sample of 118 preschoolers (Mage = 41.96 months) and their mothers participated. Mothers reported their reactions to children's negative emotions and rated children's internalizing and externalizing problems by completing the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale and Child Behavior Checklist, respectively. Children's FER was assessed with a task that involved matching emotion labels to facial expressions. Results revealed that FER moderated the association between minimizing/punitive maternal reactions and children's externalizing problems. Minimizing/punitive maternal reactions were found to positively correlate with externalizing problems in children with lower levels of FER, but not among children with high levels of FER. Exploratory analyses with child gender also suggested that the moderating effect of FER in the relation between minimizing/punitive maternal reactions and children's internalizing problems applied only to boys, not to girls. The results highlight the importance of children's FER and gender, in addition to maternal reactions to expressed emotion, in shaping their socioemotional adjustment.

Dynamic fluctuations in maternal cardiac vagal tone moderate moment-to-moment associations between children's negative behavior and maternal emotional support.

Our primary objective was to examine the extent to which moment-to-moment associations between preschool-aged children's behavior and maternal emotional support differed for mothers showing different levels of parasympathetic engagement. We used behavioral observations of maternal and child behavior and maternal changes in cardiac vagal tone assessed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia in 15-s intervals during a 5-min challenging puzzle task (N = 121 dyads; 65 girls, Mage = 4.42 years). Results from multilevel models showed that increases in children's defeat (e.g., frustration, task withdrawal) coupled with maternal vagal augmentation (an index of social engagement) in a given 15-s interval predicted increases in maternal support in the next interval, whereas increases in children's defeat coupled with maternal vagal withdrawal (an index of physiological arousal) in a given 15-s interval did not predict increases in maternal support. Findings suggest that vagal augmentation in mothers may operate together with fluctuations in children's negative behaviors to predict supportive parenting in real time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Building long-term family resilience through universal prevention: 10-year parent and child outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has been highly stressful for parents and children, it is clear that strategies that promote long-term family resilience are needed to protect families in future crises. One such strategy, the Family Foundations program, is focused on promoting supportive coparenting at the transition to parenthood. In a randomized trial, we tested the long-term intervention effects of Family Foundations on parent, child, and family well-being one to two months after the imposition of a national shelter-in-place public health intervention in 2020. We used regression models to test intervention impact on outcomes reported on by parents in a standard questionnaire format and a series of 8days of daily reports. We also tested moderation of intervention impact by parent depression and coparenting relationship quality. Relative to control families, intervention families demonstrated significantly lower levels of individual and family problems (general parent hostility, harsh and aggressive parenting, coparenting conflict, sibling relationship conflict, and children's negative mood and behavior problems), and higher levels of positive family relationship quality (positive parenting, couple relationship quality, sibling relations, and family cohesion). For some outcomes, including coparenting conflict, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems, intervention effects were larger for more vulnerable families-that is, families with higher pre-pandemic levels of parent depression or lower levels of coparenting relationship quality. We conclude that targeted family prevention programming is able to promote healthy parent and child functioning during unforeseen future periods of acute stress. The long-term benefits of a universal approach to family support at the transition to parenthood indicate the need for greater investment in the dissemination of effective approaches.

Impact of Technology Use on Behavior and Sleep Scores in Preschool Children in Saudi Arabia

Background: Pre-school children use digital devices both at home and in kindergarten for communication. However, such technologies can also be used for creativity learning and entertainment. Technology usage might exert a negative impact on the psychosocial development of pre-school children, thus necessitating parental monitoring. Previous studies have recommended early intervention for pre-school children by decreasing the duration of digital devices, spending more time with the family, and participation in motor activities to avoid the ill effects of technology.Aim: To investigate the impact of digital device use on the behavioral and sleep scores of preschool children as perceived by parents in Saudi Arabia (SA).Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted across two regions in SA. It was ethically approved by the ethical review board of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. The participants were randomly selected from well-baby hospital records, surveyed and interviewed to obtain data for the following measures: demographic data, technology usage, sleep disturbance scale, and behavior scale. Children with special needs or comorbidities were excluded from the study. Descriptive and multivariate regression analysis were done.Results: We recruited 288 children. Most did not attend schools (63.2%), 22.6% were in kindergarten, and 14.2% were in nursery schools. Smart phones were the most commonly used device by the children (42.4%). Most used the technology for 2–3 h/days (34%). Cartoons were the most commonly sought content (42%). The behavior scores for children aged 18–36 months showed a mean value of 5.1, 3.7, and 4.6 for surgency, negative affect, and effortful control, respectively. Children aged 3–5 years showed a mean value of 4.3, 4, and 4.7 for surgency, negative affect, and effortful control, respectively. Sleep disturbance scores for all children showed a mean value of 12.4, 3.5, 3.8, 8, 7.3, and 2.7 on disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, sleep-breathing disorders, disorders of arousal, sleep-wake transition disorders, disorders of excessive somnolence, and sleep hyperhidrosis, respectively. The mean total sleep score was 37. Multivariate regression analysis showed significant positive relationship between surgency and three factors namely family income of 10,000–15,000 SR (t = 1.924, p = 0.045), fathers' bachelor's degrees (t = 2.416, p = 0.16), and owning a video game device (t = 2.826, p = 0.005<0.05). Negative affect was significantly associated with fathers' diploma level of education (t = 2.042, p = 0.042). Negative significant relationship between effortful control and fathers' secondary level of education (t = −2.053, p = 0.041). There was a significant negative relationship between effortful control and owning a TV and video game device (t = −2.35, −2.855, p = 0.043, 0.005<0.05, respectively). A significant positive relationship was found between child's sleeping score (worse sleep) and watching technology between 3 and 5 h (t = 2.01, p = 0.045), and mothers' unemployment status (t = 2.468, p = 0.014).Conclusion: In conclusion, technology use is associated with a negative impact on children sleep and behavior. Owning a digital device, using tablets, screen viewing for more than 3–5 h, and watching movies were significantly associated with negative child's behavior and sleep.

Parent training in non-violent resistance for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled outcome study.

Current forms of parent training for childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often insufficient. Many families drop out of the training, and treatment gains are often not maintained. Nonviolent resistance parent training (NVR) focuses on helping parents resist the child's negative behaviors without escalating the problem. NVR helps parents to fulfill an anchoring function, supporting the child through presence, self-regulation, structure, and support network. This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of NVR in the treatment of childhood ADHD. Participants were Israeli parents of children with primary ADHD diagnosis (N = 101; 5-13years old; 79% male participants) randomly assigned to either 12-session NVR (N = 50) or waiting list (N = 51). Measures were administered before and after treatment and at a 4-month follow-up. ADHD outcomes included the Conners and Child Behavior Checklist. Parenting outcomes included parental helplessness, emotional regulation, anchoring function, and family chaos. Participants in the NVR condition reported significant improvements in the child's internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms, as well as improvement in paternal and maternal helplessness and anchoring. Participants in the control condition did not report changes in the child's symptoms or the parents' condition. The results at follow-up revealed maintenance of change in the child's externalizing and internalizing symptoms, but failure to maintain gains in ADHD core symptoms. Maternal helplessness and anchoring, as well as family chaos continued to improve at follow-up. Dropout rates in the treatment group were low (5%), and fathers' engagement was close to 100%. NVR is an efficient treatment for childhood ADHD, with benefits extending beyond the child's symptoms to the entire family. NVR's special focus on parental distress may have contributed to low dropout, high paternal engagement, and maintenance of change.