Children's Knowledge Research Articles

Perbandingan Diksi Dalam Cerpen Klasik dan Modern

The aim of this research is to explain the comparison of diction in classical and modern short stories. Short stories, as the name suggests, are short stories, requiring concise storytelling, without going into special details that are more likely to lengthen the story. This type of research is qualitative research because the data is in the form of a description of the comparison of classic and modern short story diction. In a short story, a piece of a character's life is told which is full of conflict, a touching or enjoyable event and contains an impression that is not easily forgotten. According to Muhardi and Hasanuddin WS (1992: 10-11) in novels and short stories both use the reverse highlighting technique. In short stories, flashbacks often deceive readers because they cannot be digested immediately, sometimes readers have to read more than once to make it easier to digest. Meanwhile, in novels the reverse highlighting technique is easier for readers to recognize. Classical and modern short stories are literary works that have differences. This difference can be seen and studied from the way it is distributed, namely that classical short story literary works develop from social culture, but are not bound by customs and modern short story literary works are usually written in books, bloggers and other intermediary media. The conclusion shows that the diction form of Modern Short Stories is more practical in choosing words, more in line with the general understanding of modern readers. Use words that are more current and widely known. And tend to choose classic words, with the use of words that are less common or ancient; Using appropriate diction and language style can develop children's imagination and knowledge of language.

Effects of school nurse-led health education to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh: Cluster nonrandomized controlled trial.

Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate-the primary outcome-were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children's body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition-the secondary outcomes-significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children's awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children.

Permainan Engklek Terhadap Perkembangan Keterampilan Motorik Dan Kognitif Pada Anak Di Sd Negeri 1 Sukajadi

Introduction: One of the traditional games played by two or more children is engklek. The crank game integrates students' motoric and cognitive components; when motor perception is weak, cognitive function becomes less than optimal and optimal. When children play a game, their cognitive abilities in understanding rules, procedures, strategies, tactics and decision making increase. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of the traditional engklek game on children's motoric and cognitive development at SD Negeri 1 Sukajadi, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency. Method: As an effort to find out the effectiveness of the crank game as an effort to improve motor and cognitive development in SD Negeri 1 Sukajadi students with a total of 6 respondents focused on grade 2 students using observational research methods using the crank game media. This service activity was carried out on May 8 2023 and used a banner with a picture of a crank game box and several broken tiles. Result: there is an increase in children's motor skills and cognitive abilities in the pretest and post-test assessments of the hopscotch game treatment. Before the game was carried out there were still children with motor development who began to develop and after the treatment the children's development entered the criteria for very good development and developed according to expectations. Conclusion: Conclusion: The implementation of community service activities went well according to what was desired and planned. This community service has a positive value for students at SD Negeri 1. This can be seen from the enthusiasm and activeness of the audience or participants in carrying out the crank game activity and the results of the observations made have a good value on the children's motor and cognitive abilities.

Pengaruh Permainan Edukatif Dalam Meningkatkan Stimulasi Otak Pada Fase Golden Age Di TK PGRI At-Taqwa

Introduction: Stimulation is any activity that involves a child's fine motor and cognitive abilities. In optimizing children's brain development according to their age stages, especially in the golden age phase. One educational tool that can be used is puzzle games. Objective: Knowing the effectiveness of puzzle games as a counseling medium to increase brain stimulation in children at Pgri At-Taqwa Kindergarten. Method: The model used in this research in the form of community service is health education with the concept of play. In this counseling, participants are expected to be able to carry out it comprehensively, especially in creating new behavior regarding stimulating children's brain development with puzzle media. Result: Based on initial test results, it is known that around 70% of children can complete the puzzle, while 30% of children are still unable to complete the puzzle so they still need help from other people. These results indicate that students' cognitive abilities have not yet been partially achieved. Conclusion: The conclusion from the implementation of this community service is that counseling in stimulating brain development using puzzle media has a positive effect. The children seemed enthusiastic and active participants in taking part in the activity.

Pengaruh ULTAJAS (Ular Tangga Jajanan Sehat) Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Anak Tentang PJAS (Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah)

Abstract Introduction: PHBS is very easy to say but is it easy to do if implemented? According to Diana 2013 PHBS is difficult to implement because it requires awareness and seriousness about the importance of maintaining health. PHBS is an effort to provide a learning experience that creates conditions for individuals, families and groups by opening lines of communication, providing information and conducting useful education to increase knowledge and attitudes regarding clean and healthy living behavior through approaches, atmosphere building and community empowerment. Health education is very important for children, especially school-age children because at that age children will learn directly from their school environment. Therefore, it is important for school children to know about clean and healthy living behaviors about consuming healthy snacks. Through snakes and ladders games, children are able to develop their motor skills, are able to know themselves, work together with friends, are able to recognize emotions and are more disciplined. Meanwhile, through healthy snacks, children's knowledge increases about healthy and unhealthy snacks, is able to save money not to snack on healthy snacks. not good, children will be more careful in snacking at school and children will focus more on bringing the provisions given by their parentsObjective : The purpose of this health education activity is to increase children’s knowledge about healthy and nutritioous snacks and to make efforts to reduce the poor nutritional status of healthy and unhealthy snacks in Karangpaningal Village, Bojongnangka Hamlet, Panawangan Ciamis. Method: Health education methodology that includes self-health. Participants in this consultation are expected to be able to implement a comprehensive strategy, especially in creating new behaviors, especially PHBS, in the school and community environment. Result: From the results of the study it can be concluded that before delivering the health consultation material as many as 2 people (0.3%) were able to answer questions before the material was delivered, 3 people (0.5%) did not know. Participants did not know about healthy snacks, 1 person (0.2%) participants did not know, participants did not know about healthy snacks. After health counseling, the knowledge of PHBS healthy snack participants increased 100% to 6 people. Conclusion: Expanding knowledge about healthy snacking is a great start for teaching clean and healthy living habits in everyday life. After knowing the characteristics of unhealthy snacks and the dangers of unhealthy snacks, it is hoped that children will stop buying unhealthy snacks.

Early-life cumulative exposure to excess bodyweight and midlife cognitive function: longitudinal analysis in three British birth cohorts

Excess bodyweight (BMI >25 kg/m2) in midlife (age 40-65 years) has been linked to future cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. Whether chronic exposure to excess bodyweight in the early decades of life (<40 years) is associated with compromised cognitive function by midlife, however, remains unclear. This study therefore aimed to test potential bidirectional direct and indirect pathways linking cumulative exposure to excess bodyweight and cognitive function in the early decades of life. In this longitudinal analysis, harmonised measures of BMI and cognitive function were available in 19 742 participants aged 47-53 years recruited to the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (n=2131), the 1958 National Child Development Study (n=9385), and the 1970 British Cohort Study (n=8226). Individual BMI trajectories spanning three decades from age 10-40 years were created for each participant and excess bodyweight duration, BMI change between ages, and cumulative excess bodyweight exposure were calculated. Harmonised measures of verbal and non-verbal ability, mathematical ability, and reading ability were used to create a latent factor for childhood cognitive function, and immediate and delayed recall, animal naming, and letter-search speed tests were used for midlife cognitive function. Multivariable linear regression and structural equation models (SEM) were used to test for potential bidirectional relationships between cognition and excess bodyweight in both individual cohorts and pooled datasets while accounting for other potential early-life confounders. Increases in BMI during adolescence and greater cumulative exposure to excess bodyweight across early life were associated with lower midlife cognitive function in all cohorts (eg, pooled difference in cognitive function per 10 years excess bodyweight duration -0·10; 95% CI -0·12 to -0·08; p<0·001). Further adjustment for childhood cognitive function attenuated many of these associations towards the null (eg, pooled difference in cognitive function per 10 years excess bodyweight duration -0·04; 95% CI -0·06 to -0·02; p=0·001), however, with any remaining associations then fully attenuating once further adjusted for other early-life factors (eg, pooled difference in cognitive function per 10 years excess bodyweight duration 0, -0·03 to 0·01; p=0·38). In the reverse direction, low childhood cognition was associated with greater cumulative exposure to excess bodyweight over the next four decades, although much of this relationship was found to probably be explained via other potentially modifiable upstream early-life factors such as childhood disadvantage. SEM in all cohorts suggested the presence of modest direct and indirect pathways connecting earlier cognitive function to later excess bodyweight, but scarce evidence for an effect of early-life excess bodyweight on cognitive function by midlife. The association between cumulative exposure to excess bodyweight in early life and lower cognitive function in midlife is probably confounded by a persistently lower cognitive function from childhood. Initiatives to improve early-life factors such as childhood disadvantage and education, however, might exert dual but independent benefits on both of these factors before old age. Alzheimer's Research UK, Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation, Diabetes UK, British Heart Foundation, and Medical Research Council.

The Importance of Eating Healthy and Nutritionally Balanced Food for Elementary School Children

&#x0D; Health and well-being are important aspects of human life. One of the key factors that affect health is diet. The food we consume directly affects our physical and mental state. This activity aims to increase elementary school children's knowledge of the importance of eating healthy and nutritionally balanced foods. Method As an alternative solution to the problems that have been identified, counselling activities are carried out on the importance of eating healthy and nutritionally balanced foods in elementary school children. The method to increase this knowledge is counselling on the importance of eating healthy and nutritionally balanced foods. The techniques used in this activity include advising on the importance of eating healthy, nutritionally balanced foods and distributing leaflets. Based on the evaluation results, there has been a significant increase in knowledge about eating healthy and nutritionally balanced foods. Education and awareness about a healthy and nutritionally balanced diet are very important. The public needs to be adequately informed about the nutritional value of food and ways to adopt a healthy diet. Thus, it is expected to improve the quality of life, reduce disease risk, and create a healthier and more productive society overall.&#x0D;

Children’s song media’s influence on consumption vegetables and fruits in primary school children

Indonesian people consume 173 grams of fruits and vegetables per day, below the World Health Organization's recommended 400 grams. 16.54% of children aged 5-9 years do not consume vegetables and fruit, with 73.79% consuming only 1-2 portions daily. Low consumption is linked to increased risk of chronic diseases. To increase awareness, a song policy called "Vegetables and Fruits are Rich in Benefits" is being implemented in Tasikmalaya City elementary schools. The research used qualitative methods, including Focus Group Discussion and Brainstorming, and found positive responses from informants. The plan is supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure in schools. Stakeholders and schools agree to commit to the song to increase children's knowledge and consumption of vegetables and fruits.

PENGARUH METODE BERMAIN FLASHCARD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF PADA ANAK DALAM PENCEGAHAN COVID-19

School children are the main targets for various delays in development, one of which has occurred in this pandemic era is delays in cognitive abilities in preventing COVID-19. Cognitive abilities in children in preventing COVID-19 can be improved by playing Flashcards. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Flash Card playing method on cognitive abilities in children in preventing COVID-19 at MI Miftahul Huda Tegalrejo. The design used in this study was pre-experimental using a one-group pre-post-test research design with a simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study were children in grades 1A and 1B, totaling 25 children with a total population of 27 children. The results obtained in this study that before being given the Flash Card playing method, most of the children had undeveloped cognitive abilities, namely 16 (64%) children, while after being given treatment most of the children had cognitive abilities that developed as expected, namely 16 (64%) children. The statistical test used is the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test, the Asym value was obtained. Sig (2-tailed) = 0.000 (&lt;0.05), then H1 is accepted so that the Flash Card playing method affects cognitive abilities in children in preventing COVID-19. These results are expected to be applied at MI Miftahul Huda Tegalrejo to improve cognitive abilities in preventing COVID-19.

Pengenalan Literasi Finansial Awal Pada Anak Usia Dini Di TK Aqidah Palangka Raya

This community service is motivated by the importance of introducing learning to children, especially in introducing edupreneur activities. Based on this, it is necessary to provide an introduction to edupreneur activities in terms of introduction to make children have an edupreneur spirit through activities to introduce children to early financial literacy. The aim of this community service is so that children can learn about educational activities that have been carried out, namely activities to introduce early financial literacy, and through these activities it can also teach children about transactions when selling, namely the existence of sellers and buyers using money. The target participants for this community service are children aged 5-6 years who are at the Palangka Raya Aqidah Kindergarten and students of the Early Childhood Islamic Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, IAIN Palangka Raya who are also actively involved in this activity. The results of this community service show that the children are very enthusiastic about participating in the initial financial literacy introduction activities that have been carried out at Bank Indonesia (BI) and the children look enthusiastic. The hope is that through the introduction of edupreneur activities carried out in early childhood, it will be able to stimulate children's cognitive abilities in recognizing early financial literacy, introduce children to the importance of edupreneurship for children, and increase children's experience because they have carried out edupreneur activities, namely through the introduction of early financial literacy. So that the aim of the introduction will be achieved optimally.

Contributions of prenatal risk factors and neonatal epigenetics to cognitive outcome in children born very preterm.

Children born less than 30 weeks gestational age (GA) are at high risk for neurodevelopmental delay compared to term peers. Prenatal risk factors and neonatal epigenetics could help identify preterm children at highest risk for poor cognitive outcomes. We aimed to understand the associations among cumulative prenatal risk, neonatal DNA methylation, and child cognitive ability at age 3 years, including whether DNA methylation mediates the association between prenatal risk and cognitive ability. We studied 379 neonates (54% male) born less than 30 weeks GA who had DNA methylation measured at neonatal intensive care unit discharge along with 3-year follow-up data. Cumulative prenatal risk was calculated from 24 risk factors obtained from maternal report and medical record and epigenome-wide neonatal DNA methylation was assayed from buccal swabs. At 3-year follow-up, child cognitive ability was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition). Cumulative prenatal risk and DNA methylation at two cytosine-phosphate-guanines (CpGs) were uniquely associated with child cognitive ability. Using high-dimensional mediation analysis, we also identified differential methylation of 309 CpGs that mediated the association between cumulative prenatal risk and child cognitive ability. Many of the associated CpGs were located in genes (TNS3, TRAPPC4, MAD1L1, APBB2, DIP2C, TRAPPC9, DRD2) that have previously been associated with prenatal exposures and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Our findings suggest a role for both prenatal risk factors and DNA methylation in explaining outcomes for children born preterm and suggest we should further study DNA methylation as a potential mechanism underlying the association between prenatal risk and child neurodevelopment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Edukasi Gerakan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Sebagai Pencegahan Transmisi Penyakit pada Anak Usia Sekolah di SD IT Insan Qur’ani

Preschool aged children have a habit of paying less attention to hand washing behavior, especially in the play environment. The habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) is still a global concern because people still forget to wash their hands. The focus of CTPS activities is early childhood because they are the ones who will be agents of change in the future. In this activity, hand washing education with soap will be provided to children in the form of counseling indoors and followed by simulations in the field based on the 7 steps for washing hands. Before carrying out the activity, they did not know how to wash their hands with soap properly and correctly. So this activity was considered 100% successful, this was because the children were able to practice washing their hands using soap properly and correctly. Implementation time is October 2023. The aim of this activity is to provide positive information to increase preschool age children's knowledge regarding clean living behavior, especially regarding hand washing, so that children are better able to maintain personal hygiene at school and avoid disease. Activities were carried out for pre-school children at SD IT Insan Qur'ani.

Family's socioeconomic and demographic factors on elements of children's dental and oral health: A scoping review.

Family plays a significant role in children's dental and oral health (DOH) elements, such as children's DOH knowledge and practice, the development of children's dental fear and anxiety (DFA), children's dental visits, and children's DOH status. The study aims to address the interrelationship of these elements based on individual and familial socioeconomic and demographic (SED) attributes. Given the possibility that the COVID-19 epidemic might alter oral health and disrupt dental care, a systematic literature search from the Scopus and Web of Science library database was limited to the 2017-2019 peer-reviewed published literature, which includes quantitative studies that investigated at whether SED status contributed to children's DOH elements. Four sets of keywords are combined in both library database literature searches. Using the PRISMA-ScR Checklist as a reference, we conduct this scoping review. A total of 15 studies were included. Studies were from Brazil, Iran, China, India, Indonesia, Peru, Portugal, and UK. The socioeconomic characteristics include parental education, income, employment, assets and home ownership, type of residence, and health insurance coverage. The demographic characteristics include parent's age, children's age, the number of family members, and family type. There were 13 studies observing parent's education, seven examining family income, four identifying parental employment, three measuring family assets, six assessing the type of residence, and one recording health insurance coverage. Few studies assessed socioeconomic proxies such as school type, free school lunches, and social networks. In addition, race, the number of household members, the number of children, and family type were measured in at least one of the literature. Family SED characteristics may define a pathway to children's DOH elements.

Delayed auditory experience results in past tense production difficulties and working memory deficits in children with cochlear implants: A comparison with children with developmental language disorder

Extent evidence has shown that morphosyntax is one of the most challenging linguistic areas for children with atypical early language experiences. Over the last couple of years, comparisons between deaf children with CIs and children with DLD have gained interest – as cases of atypical early language experiences, including, but not restricted to, delayed onset of exposure to language input and language-processing difficulties. Evidence suggests that the morphosyntactic difficulties experienced by deaf children with CIs and children with DLD are very similar in nature. However, the few studies that have directly compared both groups are inconclusive, with deaf children with CIs either performing significantly better or on par with children with DLD. These differences in findings can be attributed, in part at least, to a failure to implement essential methodological controls – even more so given that deaf children with CIs comprise a very diverse population. The goal of the present study was to directly compare the performance of deaf children with CIs to that of children with DLD on a morphosyntactic ability known to be particularly difficult for both groups. Specifically, the present study conducted a detailed examination of the past tense marking abilities of deaf children with CIs and children with DLD while controlling for factors specific to deaf children with CIs, for children's basic cognitive abilities as well as for children's age, sex assigned at birth, and SES. Past tense verbs are particularly relevant as they are used as a marker of developmental language disorder (DLD) in children learning French.Moreover, extent evidence shows that deaf children with CIs and children with DLD have important WM difficulties, but also that there is an association between auditory perception, processing abilities, and working memory (WM) abilities as well as with the acquisition of morphological features, including tense marking. Unfortunately, no study has examined the relation between the accurate production of past tense verbs and WM abilities in children with CIs and children with DLD learning French.Fifteen deaf children with CIs between 5 and 7 years of age were compared to 15 children with DLD and to 15 typically-developing monolingual controls (MON), matched on important variables, using a past tense elicitation task as well as measures of phonological and nonverbal WM abilities.The results confirm that the deaf children with CIs and the children with DLD both performed significantly lower than the MON controls on the past tense elicitation task – suggesting that difficulties with past tense verbs in French might not only be a marker of DLD but, instead, a correlate of atypical language acquisition. Of importance, the present study is the first to show that deaf children with CIs perform significantly lower than children with DLD on a past tense elicitation task – highlighting the importance of using methodological controls. As well, significant correlations were found between the performance of the deaf children with CIs and of the children with DLD on the past tense elicitation task and their phonological and nonverbal WM abilities. Taken together with previous studies conducted in the same populations, this represents another evidence suggesting that early atypical language experiences result in language and WM deficits, including morphosyntactic difficulties.

Comorbidities and Disease Duration in Tourette Syndrome: Impact on Cognition and Quality of Life of Children.

Cognitive functions represent foundational factors for mental health and quality of life (QoL). In Tourette syndrome (TS), psychiatric comorbidities are common and have been inconsistently reported to affect the cognition and QoL of patients, while the role of tic disorder duration has not been yet explored. To examine how comorbidities and TS duration may influence cognition and QoL, N = 80 children with TS (6-16 years) were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV). Standardized questionnaires were used to assess the presence and severity of TS main comorbidities and QoL. Data were interpreted using linear correlations, regression, and mediation analysis. Depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms accounted for poorer cognitive performance. Anxiety oppositely predicted better cognitive performance, while no significant role for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was observed. Disease duration was associated with lower total IQ, verbal reasoning, and working memory abilities. Depression, anxiety, and TS duration also deeply influenced QoL measures. TS common comorbidities have a differential impact on the cognitive abilities of children and adolescents, which translates into a complex influence on their perceived QoL. A longer clinical history of tics was related to worse cognitive outcomes, which prompts further consideration of disease duration in both clinical and research settings involving children and adolescents.

Irony Understanding in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Analysis.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can significantly impact a child's daily life and academic performance. Some studies have noted challenges in social cognition among children with ADHD, specifically in aspects like emotion perception and processing, empathy, Theory of Mind, and pragmatics. One of the lesser-explored aspects of ADHD is its potential impact on higher-level language skills, such as irony understanding. Our goal in this study was to compare irony comprehension in two groups: schoolchildren with normal development and schoolchildren with ADHD. We performed a comparative cross-sectional study on a total of 35 children aged between 6 and 12 years: 17 with ADHD and 18 not neurodevelopmentally impaired. Irony comprehension was evaluated using an assessment method validated for the Portuguese population: Turtle on the Island - Battery of Assessment of Executive Functions in Children (TI-BAFEC). We also applied the EACE (Emotional Awareness and Coping in Children) scale. It is the Portuguese adaptation of the Assessment of Children's Emotion Skills and assesses children's emotional knowledge. We obtained two comparable groups concerning sociodemographic data. The analysis of the data, using the Mann-Whitney U Test, showed that in all parameters, the control group consistently exhibited superior performance compared to the ADHD group. However, only TI-BAFEC (p = 0.005) and emotional behavior (p = 0.007) showed a significant statistical variance between the two groups. This article shows that children with ADHD encounter challenges in grasping irony. However, the underlying cognitive processes contributing to these difficulties warrant further investigation.

Pengaruh Media Kartu Bilangan Terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Di TK IT El-Banna Sibuhuan Kecamatan Barumun Kabupaten Padang Lawas

The aim of this research is to find out: (1) how children's cognitive development at TKIT El – Banna Sibuhuan is, (2) the influence of number card media on children's cognitive abilities at TKIT El – Banna Sibuhuan. This research is quantitative research with the type of experimental research. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest type pre-experiment. The instruments used consist of observation, documentation and tests. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics and carries out a "t" test.The results of the research show that: (1) The implementation of number card media at TKIT El – Banna Sibuhuan is going well. This can be seen from the results of observations during the pretest which obtained an average of 38.81, while at the posttest stage the average observation results obtained were 38.81. 46.68. Based on these results, there was a very significant increase from the pretest observation results to the posttest observation results. (2) The results of the "t" test calculation obtained tcount = 0.262 when compared with ttable at a confidence level of 95% or an error rate of 5% with degrees of freedom (db) = N – k = 16 – 1 = 15 obtained ttable = 2.042. If the value of tcount = 0.262 is compared with ttable = 2.042 then it is known that tcount is smaller than ttable, (0.262&lt;2.042). This means that the proposed hypothesis is accepted as true. This means that there is a significant influence between number card media on children's cognitive abilities at TKIT El – Banna Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency.

Adverse childhood experiences and cognition: A cross-sectional study in Xhosa people living with schizophrenia and matched medical controls

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with impaired cognitive function in adult life in the general population as well as in people living with schizophrenia (PLS). Research on cognitive function in PLS in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is, however, limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between ACE types and various cognitive domains in a sample of PLS and matched medical controls, and to determine the moderating effect of group membership (PLS vs. medical controls) on these associations, in the South African setting. MethodsParticipants (n PLS = 520; n medical controls = 832) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), and the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB). An efficiency or speed score was used to assess performance across 9 cognitive domains. The association between exposure to different ACE types and 9 cognitive domains was examined using partial correlations and multiple linear regression models, adjusting for sex, age and education years. Finally, potential moderating effects of group membership (PLS vs. medical controls) on the association between ACEs and cognitive domains were tested. ResultsIn the entire sample, emotional and physical abuse predicted worse performance on sensorimotor and emotion identification domains. Also, emotional abuse was negatively associated with motor function, physical abuse was negatively associated with spatial processing, and physical neglect was negatively associated with face memory and emotion identification. In contrast, emotional neglect was related to better performance on abstraction and mental flexibility. No moderating effect of group membership was found on any of these associations. ConclusionExposure to ACEs was associated with social and non-social cognition in adulthood, although the magnitude of these relationships was small and similar between PLS and matched medical controls. The nature of these associations differed across ACE subtype, suggesting the need for a nuanced approach to studying a range of mechanisms that may underlie different associations. However, a number of ACE subtypes were associated with worse performance on emotional identification, indicating that some underlying mechanisms may have more transversal impact. These findings contribute to the sparse body of literature on ACEs and cognition in PLS in LMIC.

Validation of a cultural adaptation of the Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire (CKAQ-RIII) in primary school children in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural adaptation and validation of the Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire (CKAQ-RIII). This tool, which is used in Iranian primary schools, examines children's understanding of the concepts of sexual abuse. A sample of 80 primary school children between 8 and 12 years of age was selected from schools in Iran. The questionnaire was administered three times: before and immediately after the Child Abuse Prevention Program and at the three-month follow-up assessment. The included children (n=80) completed the Persian version of the CKAQ-RIII during the three-month follow-up. The internal consistency of the CKAQ-RIII was high for the Inappropriate Touch Scale (ITS) and moderate for the Appropriate Touch Scale (ATS). Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficients indicated a strong relationship between the ITS and ATS and the overall scores. The mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the ITS showed that the children's knowledge increased after the intervention. In general, higher scores were observed for children in the fifth and sixth grades (11 to 12 years old) after the intervention, indicating greater concept knowledge. Repeated measures ANOVA was also performed on the ATS, which showed a significant increase in children's knowledge. The Persian version of the CKAQ-RIII is an effective and reliable tool for assessing the level of knowledge of the concepts of sexual abuse in Iran.

Analysis of the Enlightenment Football and the Healthy Campus Construction of the Kindergarten

Football reform and development have attracted much attention. For this reason, relevant units have issued relevant policies and activity guidelines for preschool football to clarify the construction of kindergarten football. The stage of young children from 3 to 6 years old is the key period for the development of children's sports interests, habits, cognition and skills. Therefore, from the perspective of enlightenment football, this paper analyzes the following problems in the development of kindergarten football: insufficient support from the government and social forces; Kindergarten facilities and management; lack of professional football teachers; lack of football training for teachers in kindergartens. Therefore, this paper puts forward that the government perfects the fund policy input mechanism.