Children's Self Research Articles

Mokymosi sutrikimų turinčių vaikų savęs reprezentacijos

Mokymosi sutrikimų turinčių vaikų savęs reprezentacijos

Improving postoperative tonsillectomy pain management in children – A double blinded randomised control trial of a patient analgesia information sheet

ObjectivesTo evaluate paediatric post-tonsillectomy pain management using oxycodone when a specific analgesia information sheet is included with standard postoperative information. MethodsOxycodone information sheets were randomly allocated to half the study children's post-tonsillectomy information pack. The trial was double-blinded to the surgeon, anaesthetist, nursing and administrative staff. Parents and children completed the pain assessment on day 3, 5 and 7. On day 10 the parents completed a questionnaire. ResultsA postoperative analgesia information sheet provides for higher satisfaction and knowledge for parents using oxycodone (p<0.001) and children have improved postoperative pain control, most significantly at day 5 (p<0.05). Parent assessment of the child's analgesia was superior with the oxycodone information sheet, most significantly at day 3 and 7 post operatively (p<0.05). There is also a positive correlation between the parents’ observed pain score and children's self reported pain score, with a low correlation efficient level observed (p<0.001). ConclusionsInformation sheets are useful in education and use of postoperative analgesia. The primary objective to explore the efficacy of the information sheet has proved to be successful in this setting. Given risks of opioid analgesia, it is recommended that postoperative information sheets be given to all parents, to provide for improved analgesia control and safe management of children in the postoperative period.

The Impact of Narrative Therapy with Creative Drama On Orphan Children Self Esteem

AbstractThe present paper is a quasi-experimental research and uses pre-test and post-test method with control group. The tool used in this paper in the pre-test and post-test stages is Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire. Sub-scales include educational self-esteem, family self-esteem, physical self-esteem, and social self-esteem. In this paper, group narrative therapy was held in eight weekly sessions for 90 minutes and 15 participants. The statistical universe comprises all 10-14 years old girls of Torkaman Welfare Organization in District 17 of Tehran. Multi-stage random sampling method was used in this paper. All these girls were given Cooper Smith's self-esteem test. From among the girls who had lower self-esteem, 15 girls were selected randomly as the test group and 13 ones were selected as control group. This paper has used t-student test, Levine F test for equality of variances, box test for model goodness of fit, covariance test for calculating the effect between the subjects in two control and test groups.The main result of this paper indicates that narrative therapy has a significant effect on general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and physical self-esteem; but it has no significant effect on family self-esteem and educational self-esteem.

Links between teacher assessment and child self - assessment of mental health and behavior among children affected by HIV/AIDS

Teachers are considered to be one of the most important influences in the lives of students. Teachers' assessments of students may be a primary source of information on children's mental and behavioral health; however, this topic has received little attention in research. We examined this issue through linking teachers' ratings of students and mental and behavioral outcomes of children affected by HIV. The hypothesis is that teacher ratings will be predictive of specific child mental and behavioral health outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional design with self-administered paper-and-pencil instruments was used. The sample included 1221 children (aged 6–18, grades 1–11) affected by HIV including 755 orphans who lost one or both parents to AIDS and 466 vulnerable children living with HIV-infected parents in a central province of China. The corresponding teacher sample included 185 participants. Each child completed an assessment inventory of demographic information and mental and behavioral health measures. Teachers completed a questionnaire about children's school performance. SEM analyses revealed a good model fit according to all fit indices: comparative fit index = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.04. Structural equation modeling revealed that problem ratings by teachers were positively associated with child loneliness and behavioral problems, social competence ratings by teachers were negatively related to child depression, and personal growth and social interaction ratings by teachers were negatively related to child loneliness, depression, and trauma. The current study represents a unique contribution to the field in that it recognizes that teachers can be a valuable source of information on children's psychological health. Results from this study have implications for health prevention and intervention for children and families suffering from HIV/AIDS.

The Relationship between Social Media Bullying and the Adolescent's Self Report of Emotional Health: A Study of Urban Youth on an Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit

Background: Bullying through social media, known as cyberbullying, is increasingly prevalent amongst today's youth. There is little research on a wide range of internalizing symptoms in conjunction with a measure of selfconcept in relationship to cyberbullying. Methods: This prospective research study examined the cross-sectional relationship between cyberbullying victims in children and adolescents 10-17 years of age within an acute inpatient psychiatric unit. Participants completed four separate measurements of anxiety and depression (the Modified Cyberbullying Questionnaire, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale). Results: 51 subjects completed the study. Twenty-four of the 51 participants reported some form of bullying (47.1%.) Of the 24 bullied participants, bullying via Facebook was most commonly reported (63% of bullied participants), followed by text messaging (50% of bullied participants). The mean total score on the Children's Depressive Inventory for the group in which social media bullying was reported was significantly higher than those in which no bullying was reported (14.00 (±3.56) versus 9.07 (±2.34), (p=0.020)). The mean total score on the SCARED for the group in which social media bullying was reported was statistically significant (26.83 (±6.52) versus 14.33 (±3.98), (p=0.0015)). The mean total T-score on the Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Scale (2nd ed) for the group in which social media bullying was reported was significant (42.75 (±5.20) versus 49.26 (±3.97), (p=0.043)). The Behavioral Adjustment domain was the only individual domain in which statistical significance was not achieved (bullied versus nonbullied (43.18 ± 4.21 vs. 44.41 ± 3.49), p=0.61)). Discussion: Results indicated significant differences between mean total depression scores, mean total anxiety scores, and mean total T-score for the self-concept scale. These findings indicate an association between depression, anxiety, and self-esteem/self-concept and the presence of cyberbullying.

A Comparative Study to Find out the Health Related Quality of Life of Children with End Stage Renal Disease on Various Renal Replacement therapies: Self and Parental Perception

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken on a sample of 55 children with ESRD on maintenance dialysis (MD) and kidney transplantation (KTP) attending indoor and outdoor units of pediatrics department between June 2012- June 2013. The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of life of children with end stage renal disease on MD and following KTP & to compare the health related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed by child self report and parent's proxy report. Data was collected using Peds QL 3.0 ESRD module, Hindi version. Health related quality of life of children was assessed by child self report and parent proxy report. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Children with ESRD in KTP group had better health related quality of life rated by both children and parents in comparison to MD group. There were no differences between the HRQOL scores of the children and their parents.

Impact of Untreated Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life As Assessed By Video Based Smiling Patterns in Children.

The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the oral health status, oral health related quality of life and the evaluations of their smiles as assessed by the children, their parents, and through measurements of the children's videotaped smiles and compare the smiling patterns in children suffering from untreated traumatic injuries to anterior teeth and control group. Fifty eight children of the age 5-15 years of both sexes were selected for the study and categorized into experimental group and control group. The experimental group consisted of 29 children with untreated trauma to one or more anterior teeth while the control group consisted of 29 children with good oral health. Oral examination of all children was done to include in study groups. Children and parents participating in the study responded to two separate Oral Health Related Quality of Life questionnaires for children and parents respectively. The children were asked to watch a funny cartoon show and a video was made while the children watched the show. The video was cropped into still images at 25 predetermined points. Width and openness of the children's mouth and number of teeth shown were measured during the taped sessions to assess the children's video-based smiling patterns. The children's self evaluation scores had statistically significant correlation with their smiling patterns, the number of traumatized teeth and the parental assessment of their children's oral health. Children with trauma to anterior teeth had more impacts on their smiling pattern compared to control group. Children suffering from trauma to anterior teeth had more effects on the emotions, the self confidence and social interaction than children without any traumatic injury.

THE CANONICAL SELF AND POLITICIZED PRAXIS: A TRACING OF TWO CONCEPTS

This article maps various conceptualizations of the self and praxis in child and youth care theory. With specific reference to the curriculum and pedagogy developed at the School of Child and Youth Care at the University of Victoria, the shift from the knowledge, skills, self (KSS) model to the praxis framework is argued to exemplify a move to a more dynamic and politically nuanced rendering of the concept of the self relative to its more canonical expressions. The canonical self of CYC is proposed here as an aggregate of the writings of a small group of CYC theorists that together constitute the dominant conceptualization of the self in the field’s literature. Historical and philosophic context is provided for the articulation of the self in the canonical literature and a brief review of this literature is provided. The concept of politicized praxis builds on White’s (2007) Praxis Framework, as well as the work of other CYC theorists and practitioners (e.g., de Finney, Dean, Loiselle, &amp; Saraceno, 2011; Gharabaghi &amp; Krueger, 2010; Skott-Myhre &amp; Skott-Myhre, 2011), to propose an avenue of theoretical development that might more adequately respond to the realities and experiences of diverse children, youth, and families. As a review this paper critically reflects on CYC’s theoretical traditions; as an opening gambit it proposes a way forward in theorizing a praxis that is responsive to the realities of contemporary society.

가족상호작용 유형에 따른 유아의 자기조절력과 문제행동

The purpose of this study was to examine children's self-regulation and their problem behavior according to family interaction types. The subjects were 227 children and their mothers, and 14 teachers in Jeonbuk. To obtain family interaction types, self-questionnaires of FACES III are given to mothers. Also, self-questionnaires of children's self-regulation and problem behavior were given to teachers. The data were analyzed by computing t-test, ANOVA, Duncan post test, and multiple liner regression. The results were as follows. First, There was a difference in the children's self regulation and problem behavior, but not in family cohesion and adaptability, according to the children's sex, age, and family variables. Second, it was found that there was a difference in self-regulation and problem behavior according to family interaction types. It showed that self-regulation was higher and problem behavior was lower in the most 'enmeshed' families in cohesion and the most 'chaotic' families in adaptability. Third, considering the relative strength of each variable on children's problem behavior, it was shown that children's sex and age had the greatest influence on problem behavior, followed by self-regulation and family's cohesion. In conclusion, it is suggested that the efforts to improve family cohesion as a psychological environment should be made in order to increase the children's self regulation and to decrease the children's problem behavior.

Desire to father a child and condom use: a study of young black men at risk of sexually transmitted infections.

To determine whether men's reported desire to father a child or their perception that someone wanted to have their child was associated with elevated rates of unprotected vaginal sex, we studied a sample of young Black men at high risk of sexually transmitted infection acquisition. Data were collected in clinics treating sexually transmitted infections in three southern U.S. cities. Men 15-23 years of age who identified as Black/African American and reported recent (past two months) penile-vaginal sex were eligible (N = 578). Logistic regression was used to examine whether desire to conceive a child (self and perception of partners' desire) predicted condom use, adjusting for age and whether they had previously impregnated someone. Their own level of desire to conceive a child was not significantly associated with unprotected vaginal sex or the proportion of times a condom was used. However, those who perceived higher level of someone wanting to conceive their child were 1.73 times more likely to report unprotected vaginal sex (P = .006) and 1.62 times more likely to report a lower proportion of times condoms were used (P = .019). Young Black men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in the USA may forego condom use based on a perceived desire of their partners to become pregnant, putting themselves at risk for sexually transmitted infection acquisition and unplanned pregnancy. Findings provide initial support for the relevance of the idea that perceptions of women partners' desire to conceive may be a critical determinant of condomless sex.

The effectiveness of using expressive art to integrating the sense of self of children with cancer

Background: Only limited studies highlighted the effectiveness of expressive art program to integrating the sense of self of children with cancer. The painting process of expressive art is a kind of inner intentionality. Children can use painting materials to return to their inner world through intentionality process. It is worthy to develop a caring-healing process to integrating child's self-esteem who was experiencing suffering. Objective: A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate an expressive art program provided to children with cancer to integrating sense of self. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) was used to compare changes over time among groups for outcomes to ensure the effectiveness of the intervention. Experimental group (N = 17) received two or three times expressive art activities in related to their positive experience, and placebo group (N = 35) who received regular nursing care. The Children Self-esteem scale and Quality of Life scale were used to collect the data. To examine the effectiveness of the intervention, child's self-esteem and quality of life were measured, using a pretest, 2 weeks, 1- and 2-month follow-up assessment. Results: Children who received expressive art program had a higher mean self-esteem scores and higher quality of life scores than control group. After adjusting the age of children, there was a significant effect in child's school self-esteem, peer self-esteem, and family self-esteem, as well as quality of life for the experimental group on the one and half months follow-up. Discussion: Results suggest that the expressive art program may contribute to child's integrating of self and improved quality of life. Conclusion: It is important to create a caring environment for children with cancer regarding integrating their embodiment of the experience in prognosis of their dysfunction of body to provide enhancement of their self-esteem as well as better quality of life.

International Marriage Migration and National Identity Marriage-based Immigrants' and Their Children's Self Identification of Koreanness with Regard to Ethnic and Civic Nationhood in South Korea

International Marriage Migration and National Identity Marriage-based Immigrants' and Their Children's Self Identification of Koreanness with Regard to Ethnic and Civic Nationhood in South Korea

The management of type 1 diabetes in Australian primary schools

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the management of type 1 diabetes in Australian primary schools: kindergarten-Year 2, from the parent’s perspective. The study questions were: What diabetes treatment is being delivered? Who is providing the treatment? Where is the treatment given?Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive approach was used to collect data from parents (66) of children with type 1 diabetes attending an Australian primary school (kindergarten-Year 2). An online self-administered questionnaire was designed in Survey Monkey and was available via a dedicated Facebook page. Data were analysed using statistical analysis (SPSSv21).Results: Blood glucose testing was occurring for all children, with 49% of children self testing. 77% of children were receiving an insulin bolus or injection at school. 34% was provided by the child and 53% of insulin was given via pump. Teachers, parents and teacher’s aides also provided insulin at school. There was a statistically significant association between the number of children receiving insulin at school and the insulin delivery device, χ2 = 16.75, df = 1, p ≤ 0.000). Children using insulin pump therapy were more likely (97%) to receive insulin at school than children who used injections (55%). Children who were able to self-administer insulin were more likely to receive insulin (93%) at school than children who were unable to self-administer insulin (65%) (χ2 = 7.38, df = 1, p = 0.007) 81% of children received diabetes treatment in the classroom, with the remainder in the school administration office.Conclusion: Insulin administration across Australian primary schools was inconsistent.Not all children were receiving the recommended insulin treatment. Insulin pump therapy appears to increase access to this treatment at school.

The Object Invades: Illustration and Implications

A challenging case is presented to illustrate the phenomenon of an invasive object. The specific concept of the invasive object has been elaborated recently by Paul Williams, who identifies a primitive object relation in which a child's nascent self is subjected to violent projections from a disturbed object. The object's force and malignancy have the dual effects of shaping as well as shattering the child's developing systems.This article highlights the complex sequelae of an invasive object in an adult patient, and the treatment manifestations in primitive states, intense affects, transference–countertransference, and stagnation. The explanatory value of Williams's concept and his contribution to early object relations formulations are emphasized. Williams's lack of specified treatment approaches is noted. With the aim of elaborating the clinical application of Williams's idea, a possible pathway to the patient's reorganization is suggested.

Health-related quality of life and psychosocial functioning in children with Tourette syndrome: parent-child agreement and comparison to healthy norms.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of agreement between parent proxy- and child self-report on measures of child psychosocial functioning and health-related quality of life in children with Tourette syndrome. Participants included 28 children with Tourette syndrome and their parents. All participants provided ratings of children's level of quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Results revealed strong, positive relationships between child self- and parent proxy-reports on all quality of life and psychosocial functioning domains. Parents perceived significantly higher levels of depression compared to their children, whereas children reported significantly lower Physical quality of life compared to their parents. Results suggest that assessment of quality of life and psychosocial functioning should include multiple reporters whenever feasible. Caution should be used when exclusively relying on parent proxy-reports of quality of life and psychosocial functioning, as these reports may not accurately reflect children's difficulties or perceptions of their functioning.

Perceptions of self, mother and family and behavior of prepubertal depressed children

PurposeTo characterize the perceptions of self, mother and family of prepubertal children and to determine if the perceptions of children with depression and their behavior towards their mothers are different from children with anxiety disorders and nonpsychiatric controls. MethodsChildren (aged 7–13years) with major depressive disorder (n=30), anxiety disorders (n=37) and nonpsychiatric controls (n=32) underwent structured psychiatric evaluations and completed questionnaires on their perceptions of themselves and their relations with their mothers and families. The child–mother dyad was observed during structured interactions. ResultsSelf-perceptions of depressed children were significantly more negative than those of children with anxiety and controls. Depression severity negatively correlated with the child's self-perception and positively correlated with perceptions of the mother as being more rejecting, controlling, less accepting and less allowing autonomy, and of the family as being less cohesive. Depression severity was also positively associated with the child's hostile attitude towards the mother during the interactions. ConclusionOur findings of greater negative perceptions of self, mother and family in depressed children compared to children with anxiety disorders and nonpsychiatric children suggest that approaches specifically addressing negative perceptions and targeting familial relationships could be especially effective for treating young children with depression.

The Development of Social Cognition: Preschoolers' Use of Mental State Talk in Peer Conflicts

Research Findings: This research examines preschoolers' use of mental state terms in naturally occurring peer conflicts in the classroom to determine how children use mental state terms for organizing their social interactions. Analyses focus on the types, frequencies, and social interactive functions of mental state terms. Utterances (N = 166) with mental state terms from 124 conflict episodes were analyzed. Children used a number of different mental state terms, want and need being the most frequently used, to index their own and their interlocutors' desires for subtle interactive purposes. Want was paired most often with bids for action, objects, inclusion in a play area, or clarification of another child's mental state. Need was most often used when directing the other child's action or attention, to justify, clarify, or insist on their own action or previous request. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that children's peer conflicts constitute a rich setting for the active construction of social relationships through the use of utterances with mental state language. This emphasis on peer interactions has the potential to inform new ways of supporting children's self–other development as a foundation for academic success.

Will I get there? Effects of parental support on children's possible selves.

Imagining one's future self is a hallmark of adolescence. But imagining is not enough; adolescents must fell that this future is plausibly likely and take action, which may require pragmatic support. Prior research has examined the effect of parental aspirations and expectation on children's possible self, not the effect of their support. Therefore, this study assessed the role of parental support on youths' possible selves, strategies, and subjective likelihood of attaining possible selves. A representative sample of Hong Kong Chinese secondary students aged 12-20 (N = 3,078). Students responded to an in-class questionnaire. Responses were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and linear mixed models. Content of hoped-for possible selves was mostly about school and career. Content of feared possible selves was more diverse. Girls had more school-and career-focused possible selves and were more likely to have strategies to attain their positive and avoid their negative possible selves. Students reporting more pragmatic support (if I need to know something about the world, I can ask my parent about it) from parents had more school-and career-focused possible selves and were more likely to believe they could attain their hope-for and avoid their feared possible selves and to report having at least one strategy to do so. Parental pragmatic support provides students a secure base to engage in their future generally and in their school-and career-focused future in particular.

An exploratory study on the relationship between parents' passion for sport/exercise and children's self- and task-perceptions in sport/exercise.

This study investigated the relationship between parents' passion for sport/exercise and children's self- and task-perceptions in sport and exercise. Paired samples of 312 children, 312 fathers, and 312 mothers were collected using two-stage sampling; parents were classified based on their passion for sport and exercise as high concordance if both parents had a high passion for sport and exercise, low concordance if neither parent had a passion for sport and exercise, or discordant. Intrinsic interest value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic utility value, ability/expectancy, task difficulty, and required effort were measured, as well as harmonious and obsessive passion. Children's self- and task-perceptions in sport and exercise were examined with respect to parents' passion for sport and exercise. The results of the study indicated that children of parents with high concordance in harmonious passion for sport and exercise scored higher on intrinsic interest value, attainment value/importance, extrinsic utility value, ability/expectancy, task difficulty, and required effort in sport and exercise than counterparts with discordant and low concordance parents. Similar patterns were found for obsessive passion in parents.

Emotional and Developmental Repair through Psychodrama: Floortime for Grown-Ups

Emotional and Developmental Repair through Psychodrama: Floortime for Grown-Ups