Life Of Schoolchildren Research Articles

미국 내 한국 이민자 자녀의 교육을 위한 사회적 자본

대부분의 이민자들은 새로운 언어와 문화에 익숙하지 않기 때문에 미국의 한국 이민자 자녀들에게는 사회적 자본이 절실하다. 그러나 이민자 부모들과 그 자녀들은 학교 안팎에서 사회 관계망을 형성하는데 제한적일 수밖에 없다. 이 연구를 위해 연구자들은 개방적 심층면담과 근거이론에 기반한 자료의 코딩과 분석과 같은 질적연구 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 한국 이민자 부모들이 동족 관계망을 형성해 교육적 정보를 획득하고 교육적 의사결정을 내린다는 것을, 그리고 영어가 이러한 교육적 의사결정에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것이 밝혀졌다. Social capital is an important resource for Korean immigrant children's successful school life in the U.S. because most immigrants are not familiar to new language and culture. However, immigrant parents and their children have limited ability to join and create social networks freely both inside and outside school. We, the researchers of this study, adopted qualitative research method: open-ended in-depth interview, coding and analysis based on grounded theory. The result of this study reveals that Korean immigrant parents utilize their coethnic networks in getting educational information and English plays important role in educational decision-making process of the parents.

Developing school asthma services: A case study

Asthma is the most common chronic medical condition in childhood and can have an impact on the child's education and school life. The school nursing service is in a key position to advise schools on the management of children with asthma. In Stoke-on-Trent the school nursing service has developed a training programme and asthma care plans for use in schools. It has also been proactive in providing information to the Department of Health in support of the supply of emergency asthma inhalers to schools.

一側性難聴児の学校生活における実態と課題に関する検討

一側性難聴児の学校生活における実態と課題に関する検討

Child-Oral impacts on daily performances: A socio dental approach to assess prevalence and severity of oral impacts on daily performances in South Indian school children of Bangalore city: A cross-sectional survey

Background: Oral disorders can have a negative impact on the functional, social and psychological well-being of children and their families. Oral health and dental treatment may have an impact on eating, speaking and appearance, thereby affecting quality of life. Thus, there has been a greater focus on the measurement of quality of life as a complement to the clinical measures. Objective: The aim was to assess the prevalence, characteristics and severity of oral impacts in south Indian school children using Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) index as a measure of oral health related quality of life. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among the six government, and six private school children aged 11-12 years, of Karnataka, South India randomly selected as cluster, and all their 563 children were invited to participate. A cross culturally adapted and validated oral health-related quality of life measure; Child-OIDP was used to assess oral impacts. Results: The common perceived oral health problems were tooth ache reported by 342 children, a sensitive tooth reported by 230 children, tooth decay - hole in the tooth reported by 226 children. Eating was the most common performance affected (68.3%). The severity of impacts was high for eating and cleaning mouth and low for the study and social contact performances. Conclusion: The study reveals that oral health impacts on quality of life of school children of Karnataka aged 11-12 years. Oral impacts were prevalent, but not severe. The impacts mainly related to difficulty eating. Toothache, a sensitive tooth, tooth decay and bleeding gums contributed largely to the incidence of oral impacts.

Relationship between overweight and health-related quality of life in secondary school children in Fiji: results from a cross-sectional population-based study

To investigate the relationship between excess weight (overweight and obesity) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of secondary school children in Fiji, by gender, age and ethnicity. The study comprised 8947 children from forms 3-6 (age 12-18 years) in 18 secondary schools on Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight, and weight status was classified according to the International Obesity Task Force recommendations. HRQoL was measured by the self-report version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. HRQoL was similar in children with obesity and normal weight. Generally, this was replicated when analyzed separately by gender and ethnicity, but age stratification revealed disparities. In 12-14-year-old children, obesity was associated with better HRQoL, owing to better social and school functioning and well-being, and in 15-18-year olds with poorer HRQoL, owing to worse physical, emotional and social functioning and well-being (Cohen's d 0.2-0.3). Children with a BMI in the overweight range also reported a slightly lower HRQoL than children with a BMI in the normal weight range, but although statistically significant, the size of this difference was trivial (Cohen's d <0.2). The results suggest that, overall there is no meaningful negative association between excess weight and HRQoL in secondary school children in Fiji. This is in contradiction to the negative relationship between excess weight and HRQoL shown in studies from other countries and cultures. The assumption that a large body size is associated with a lower quality of life cannot be held universally. Although a generally low HRQoL among children in Fiji may be masking or overriding the potential effect of excess weight on HRQoL, socio-economic and/or socio-cultural factors, may help to explain these relationships.

Workplace weight management programme: Does it promote weight reduction?

Introduction: This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the quality of life (QoL) of primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. Method: As much as 124 children (75 normal weight, 23 overweight and 26 obese) aged between 8 and 11 years old were participated in this study. Result: Mean for physical characteristics of the subjects were 35.5± 12.8 kg for body weight, 134.8± 9.1 cm for height, 19.2± 5.1 kg/m2 for BMI and 1.2± 2.1 for BMI z-score. QoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. It was self-administered and completed by both parent-proxy and child self-report. This questionnaire assessed physical, emotional, social, and school functioning from which total, physical and psychosocial health summary scores were derived. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in QoL mean score of normal weight, overweight and obese children in all domains including physical health, psychosocial health and total score either for child self report or parent-proxy report. However, this study found that overall children self-report QoL mean score was higher among normal weight children (71.2± 12.9) than overweight (69.9± 11.0) and obese children (66.7± 10.9). For parent-proxy, parents of obese children reported higher QoL (69.7± 15.7) than normal weight (68.6± 14.1) and overweight children parents (63.9± 16.0). This study indicated that higher BMI associated with lower quality of life (r =−0.13, p > 0.05 for total score) reported by the children. Conclusion: Higher BMI contributes to lower quality of life and the trend shows that the overweight and obese children have lower quality of life.

The relationships of masticatory consciousness and dietary life in elementary school children

The relationships of masticatory consciousness and dietary life in elementary school children

Quality of Life and Somatic Symptoms in Children with Constipation: A School-Based Study

To assess the health related quality of life (HRQoL) and somatization in school children with constipation. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in children aged 13-18 years, in 4 schools in Gampaha district of Sri Lanka. Data were collected using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire with questions on bowel habits, somatization, and HRQoL. Constipation was diagnosed using Rome III criteria. A total of 1792 children were included in the analysis (males 975 [54.4%], mean age 14.4 and SD 1.3 years). One hundred thirty-eight (7.7%) fulfilled Rome criteria for constipation. Children with constipation had lower HRQoL scores for physical (83.6 vs 91.4 in controls, P < .0001), social (85.0 vs 92.7, P = .0001), emotional (73.6 vs 82.7, P =.0001), school functioning (75.0 vs 82.5, P < .0001), and lower overall scores (79.6 vs 88.0, P = .0001). HRQoL scores were lower in those with fecal incontinence and constipation compared with constipation alone (70.0 vs 81.1, P = .004). Patient perceived severity of abdominal pain (r = -0.22, P = .01) and severity of bowel symptoms (r = -0.22, P = .01) showed significant negative correlation with total HRQoL scores. Total somatization score also found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.47, P < .0001) with HRQoL. Children with constipation have lower HRQoL scores than controls in physical, social, emotional, and school functioning. They also have a wide range of somatic symptoms. These issues need to be addressed during clinical evaluation of children with constipation to understand the impact of the disease on the life of affected children and to provide optimal care.

장애이해교육이 비장애아동의 장애아동에 대한 수용태도에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 장애이해교육이 비장애아동의 장애아동에 대한 수용태도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여, 성공적인 통합교육을 실천하는데 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 연구결과 장애이해교육이 비장애아동의 장애아동에 대한 학교생활과 개인생활 수용태도는 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 이는 장애이해교육이 시간을 무조건 많이 제공하기보다는 4주라는 짧은 시간이라도 효과가 있다는 것을 단적으로 보여주고 있다. 그러나 사회생활 수용태도는 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 비장애아동들의 사회생활에 대한 수용태도 변화를 이끌어내기 위해서는 비장애인의 잘못된 장애인식이나, 장애에 대한 무지로 인한 차별을 해소하기 위해 지속적이고 다양한 접근방식의 장애이해교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 한다. This study aims to analyze the effects of education for persons with disabilities on non-disabled children's attitude to accept disabled children in order to use it as foundational data to practice successful integrated education. According to the study result, education for persons with disabilities positively changed non-disabled children's attitude to accept disabled children's school life and personal life. This plainly shows that education for persons with disabilities is effective regardless of time consumed even with the short time of four weeks here. However, it did not exert positive effects on their attitude to accept social life. Therefore, it is needed to develop education programs for persons with disabilities constantly with various approaches in order to get rid of non-disabled people's wrong recognition on disability and also ignorance about disability.

Is central obesity associated with poorer health and health-related quality of life in primary school children? Cross-sectional results from the Baden-Württemberg Study

BackgroundChildhood obesity and its consequences are a growing threat to national economies and health services. The aim of this study was to determine associations between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as a measure of central obesity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and absenteeism of primary school children in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.MethodsCross-sectional data from 1888 first and second grade children (7.1±0.6 years) participating in the baseline measurements of the Baden-Württemberg Study were analyzed. Parents completed questionnaires including a rating of their children’s HRQoL using KINDLR and EQ5D-Y VAS. Days of absence because of illness, and number of visits to a physician during the last year of school/kindergarten were asked, as well as the number of days parents took off work to care for their sick child. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained staff. The Mann-Whitney-U test was used for statistical analysis of differences between WHtR groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with sick days.ResultsA total of 158 (8.4%) children were centrally obese (WHtR ≥0.5). These children had significantly more sick days (9.05 vs. 6.84, p < 0.001) and visits to a physician (3.58 vs. 2.91, p < 0.05), but not days of parental absence than other children. According to regression analysis, sick days were also associated with age, migration status, physical activity pattern, maternal health awareness and family education level. Parent-rated HRQoL was significantly lower in centrally obese children for the EQ5D-Y VAS (88.1 vs. 91.6, p < 0.001), and the KINDLR subscales ’school’ (79.9 vs. 82.5, p < 0.05) and ’friends’ (75.4 vs. 78.3, p < 0.05), but not for the total score.ConclusionsCross-sectional results show higher rates of absence, more visits to a physician and lower HRQoL in children with central obesity. Each missed day at school implies a hazard to academic achievement and each additional visit to a physician is related to higher health care costs. Thus, the negative impact of central obesity is already measurable in primary school children, which emphasizes the urgent need for early delivery of health promotion and targeted prevention.

Exploring relationships between reading attitudes, reading ability and academic performance amongst primary teacher trainees in Swaziland

In this research study, relationships between attitudes to reading, reading ability, vocabulary and academic performance were investigated. The data were gathered and triangulated from an attitude questionnaire, an author and magazine recognition test, as well as from reading comprehension and academic test performance of 84 first- and third-year students studying for a Primary Teacher’s Diploma at a College in Manzini, Swaziland. The results suggest that whilst there is no relationship between reading attitudes and reading ability, there is some relationship between reading ability and academic performance. The statistical analyses further indicate a relationship between reading and vocabulary ability of the participants. The findings have grave implications regarding attitudes to reading, reading ability and academic performance for a professional cadre that is expected to be influential in the academic lives of impressionable primary school children in an English as Second Language (ESL) context.

Parental support as a determinant in mastering history program in students with mild intellectual disability

The aim of this research is to determine the relation between parental support and mastering History program in students with mild intellectual disability. The research was conducted on a sample of 120 examinees of both genders, by meeting the following selection criteria: IQ between 51 and 69, aged between 12 and 15.11, attending V to VIII grade of elementary school, and absence of neurological, psychiatric, emotional and multiple disabilities. Scale for assessing parental support and Criteria test of knowledge in History were used in the research. The results show that the examinees' mothers are more involved in their children's school life and that they offer more support than the fathers. It was concluded that mother's involvement in the student's school life, as well as mother's support for autonomy significantly improve mastering history program. There was no statistically significant influence of father's involvement and support for autonomy on mastering history program. It was determined that only 7.6% of the total variability of mastering history program can be explained by mother's involvement in her child's school life, and 6.1% by mother's support for autonomy.

小児アトピー性皮膚炎に対する抗ヒスタミン薬によるQOL改善効果の検証：レボセチリジン塩酸塩を用いて

患者中心の指標としてのQOLは，臨床試験のアウトカムとして重視されるべきである．本研究では掻痒を標的として抗ヒスタミン薬を治療介入に採用し，主要アウトカムをQOLとする試験を行った．対象はガイドラインに基づく外用療法を行っていた7～14才のアトピー性皮膚炎の小児23名で，追加治療として第2世代抗ヒスタミン薬レボセチリジンを投与，治療前，2週，4週後にThe Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index（CDLQI）日本語版によるQOL評価を行った（主要評価項目）．副次評価項目はかゆみ日記による掻痒，SCORADスコアによる重症度とした．その結果，CDLQIは総スコアが2週，4週後で有意に低下（=改善），とくに痒み，睡眠，感情，治療負担の項目で有意であった．かゆみ日記による掻痒の週平均スコアも経時的に低下し，各評価ポイントで治療前より有意であった．SCORADによる重症度も有意に改善した．SCORADスコアとCDLQIスコアは有意に相関した（Spearmanの相関係数=0.43）．以上，追加治療としてのレボセチリジンがアトピー性皮膚炎のQOL改善に有用である可能性と治療アウトカムにQOLを採用することの妥当性が示唆された．

Health-related quality of life for children with rare diagnoses, their parents’ satisfaction with life and the association between the two

PurposeTo examine children’s health-related quality of life and parents’ satisfaction with life and explore the association between the two in families where a child has a rare disorder.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional study design. A questionnaire was sent to parents of 439 school children (6–18 years) with congenital rare disorders. Children’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was examined by Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQL) Norwegian version. Satisfaction with life was examined by Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).ResultsThe response rate was 48% (n = 209). The average age of the children was 12 years and 50% were girls. The parents scored their children with reduced physical, emotional, social and school functioning. The reductions were greatest in the physical area. Parents scored average to high on SWLS but significantly lower than the general Norwegian population. There was a positive association between parental SWLS and the children’s social functioning and school functioning.ConclusionChildren with congenital, rare disorders often require assistance from many parts of the public service system. Caring for their physical needs should not conflict with their educational and social needs. It is important that the children’s school-life is organized so that the diagnosis does not interfere with the children’s education and social life more than necessary.

Zdravlje stanovništva i zadovoljstvo životom

Modern health care brings to attention the quality of life, because people want to live a full, active and effective life throughout the life cycle, not just to survive in the event of illness. According to this understanding of quality of life including functional ability, the degree of social integration, psychological well-being, somatic characteristics and overall satisfaction with their lives. The main objective of this paper is to review the main elements of health and quality of life and life satisfaction. All this was seen by the territorial parts of Serbia, settlement type, sex and age, education, and prosperous state. Achieving the goal of this paper, a large-scale data were analyzed of research survey conducted by the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. The results showed that 23.6% of the population of Serbia see their health as good, 31.8% as average, and 38% as poor and very poor. That health is the same as the previous year is considered 55.7%, and 25% worse. About 39% of them believe that they are responsible for their own health, especially men. The proper attitude of responsibility for their own health has a quarter of school children and 24.4% of the adult population, mostly in Belgrade and other urban settlements, men younger age, better educated and wealthier population. Like most of life s worth of school children considered politics, business, religion and so on. And the adult population also puts the politics, then business, religion and so on, and at last put health. As a reason for dissatisfaction with current life of school children in the first place the financial situation, then school/business, political situation, etc. And adults also financial situation, the political situation, job, health, etc. These attitudes are more pronounced in the rural villages, men, less educated and poorer residents.

A children’s place? The school playground debate in postwar Sweden

Starting from theoretical issues concerning places for children and from historical studies of childhood and education, the present article deals with the history of the school playground in a Swedish context. The focus is on a school playground debate in the 1970s, in which school playgrounds were the subject of lively discussion and the object of powerful criticism. The Swedish school playground debate of the 1970s is analysed in relation to the educational history of the Swedish welfare state and in relation to theoretical issues of place and space in children’s life at school. In particular, the article discusses the connection between the school playground issue and new ideas regarding the social lives of schoolchildren.

Health Related Quality of Life for Monosymptomatic Enuretic Children and Their Mothers

There have been few reports addressing how nocturnal enuresis affects the health related quality of life of patients and their mothers. Thus, we evaluated the health related quality of life of enuretic children and their mothers. The health related quality of life of 139 patients with nocturnal enuresis and that of their mothers were evaluated before and after treatment. The children's health related quality of life was evaluated with the Kid-KINDL® protocol. The mothers' health related quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36®, the SDS (Self-Rating Depression Scale) for rating depression and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) for assessing anxiety. In the health related quality of life of enuretic children, the family domain score was significantly lower than that of controls (p = 0.02). In the health related quality of life of the mothers as shown by SF-36, the vitality domain score was significantly lower compared to controls (p = 0.01). The evaluation of the STAI score demonstrated a higher state anxiety score (p = 0.003), which represents current suffering from anxiety, and a similar trait anxiety score (p = 0.22), which represents a similar level of underlying tendency to anxiety. There was no significant difference between the mothers of enuretic children and the controls in the SDS evaluation. After treatment for enuresis the health related quality of life score was improved not only for the enuretic children as assessed by the Kid-KINDL protocol, but also for the mothers of enuretic children as assessed by the SF-36 and STAI. Similar to other pediatric chronic diseases, nocturnal enuresis is a condition that negatively affects the health related quality of life of children and their mothers. Impaired health related quality of life can be improved after the successful treatment of nocturnal enuresis.

Malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian school children

To test the hypothesis that malocclusion and its impact on quality of life has no effect on 8- to 10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren as measured by an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 1204 8- to 10-year-old children attending elementary schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Dental examinations were carried out by two calibrated examiners. OHRQoL was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion. Dental caries and socioeconomic factors were used as controlling variables. Bivariate analysis involved the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test. A Poisson regression model was employed for the multivariate analysis (P < .05). Anterior segment spacing and anterior mandibular overjet were significantly associated with impact on OHRQoL (P < .05). Schoolchildren with malocclusion were 1.30-fold (95% CI: 1.15-1.46; P < 0.001) more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL than those without malocclusion. Children belonging to families with an income less than or equal to two times the minimum wage were 1.59-fold (95% CI: 1.35-1.88; P < 0.001) more likely to experience a negative impact on OHRQoL than those belonging to families with the highest income. Schoolchildren with malocclusion from lower-income families experience a greater negative impact on OHRQoL.

Blood Lead Levels in Schoolchildren Living Near an Industrial Zone in Cali, Colombia: The Role of Socioeconomic Condition

This study aimed to determine Blood Lead Levels (BLL) in schoolchildren 6-14 years old exposed to industrial sources of lead and evaluated the role of socioeconomic condition. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an area likely to be exposed to industrial pollutants in northern Cali (i.e., distance and wind direction) and in a "non-exposed" area. In children in two schools of corresponding study areas, venous samples (5 ml) were collected to determine BLL by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. Using regression models, we evaluated the association between risk factors to BLL and the effect of modification with variables of socioeconomic condition. We enrolled 350 schoolchildren. Schoolchildren in the exposed area had higher prevalence of BLL of ≥ 5 μg/dl (44.2 vs. 8.2 %, p = 0.000) than those in non-exposed area. A positive association was found between exposure and BLL of ≥ 5 μg/dl (prevalence ratios (PR), 6.68; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 3.95, 11.29). Demographic characteristics and socioeconomic condition such as age (PR, 1.45; 95 % CI, 1.03, 2.04), sex (PR, 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.30, 2.60), race (PR, 2.32; 95 % CI, 1.39, 3.89) and socioeconomic position (SEP; PR, 2.02; 95 % CI, 1.35, 3.04) were statistically significant and independently associated with BLL. There was a synergistic interaction between exposure to the industrial zone and SEP for higher BLL (coefficient, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.17, 1.43). Residence in the northern urban area of Cali exposed to pollutants of an industrial zone is associated to an increased risk of higher BLL, especially among children from low SEC who are at greater risk of exposure and susceptibility.

Quality of life in newly diagnosed children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) and differences from typically developing children: a study of child and parent reports

Research on quality of life (QoL) of school children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) and their parents is scarce. The present study explores QoL deficits in newly diagnosed children with SpLD and their parents, in comparison to a similar age group of typically developing children. Possible associations between parental and child QoL were statistically explored in both groups of children. 70 newly diagnosed children with SpLD [International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) criteria] (38 boys, 32 girls, mean age 10.1 years) and a control group of 69 typically developing children of the same age (40 boys, 29 girls, mean age 10.6 years) were recruited. Children were of normal intelligence quotient, attending mainstream schools. Their parents were also recruited so a child's scores could be associated with corresponding parental scores (mother or father). Children's QoL was assessed by the German questionnaire for measuring quality of life in children and adolescents (KINDL(R) ) questionnaire and parental QoL by World Health Organization Quality of Life brief questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) of the World Health Organization. Children with SpLD in comparison to typically developing children reported according to the KINDL(R) measurement poorer emotional well-being, lower self-esteem and satisfaction in their relationships with family and friends. Surprisingly, school functioning was not reported by these children as an area of concern. Parents of children with SpLD indicated experiencing lower satisfaction in the WHOQOL-BREF domains of social relationships and environment. Correlational and regression analysis with parental-child QoL scores provided evidence that in the SpLD group, parental scores on WHOQOL-BREF social relationships and psychological health domains could be predictors of the child's emotional well-being, satisfaction with family, friends and school functioning. Stepwise regression analysis verified the effect of parents' WHOQOL-BREF social relationships domain on several dimensions of children's KINDL(R) QoL. The results may suggest certain significant effects of the SpLD condition on newly diagnosed children's QoL. Emotional and social deficits seem to be experienced by this cohort of children and their parents. Investigation into the possible interrelationships between parental and child QoL seems to indicate that parental social wellbeing may to a certain extend influence some dimensions of the child's QoL. The findings are useful for policy making and specialized interventions for children with SpLD and their families.