Children's Production Research Articles

Examining the effects of brand and licensed characters on parents' perceptions of Children's breakfast cereals

Brand and licensed characters frequently appear on children's breakfast cereal boxes and are known to affect children's product perceptions, selection, and consumption. However, less is known about their impact on parents' perceptions of foods they purchase for their child. The present study assessed the impact of brand and licensed characters featured on three children's breakfast cereal packages on parents' intentions and perceptions in an online experiment. Parents of children aged 2–12 years (n = 1013) were randomized into one of two conditions: breakfast cereals containing brand and licensed characters or breakfast cereals without any characters. Within each condition, participants viewed three breakfast cereal brands in random order per their assigned condition and reported their purchase intentions, healthfulness perceptions, and perceptions of appeal to children using 5-point Likert scales. No significant differences in purchase intentions (p = 0.91), perceived healthfulness (p = 0.52) or perceived child appeal (p = 0.59) were observed between the experimental and control groups. However, exploratory moderation analyses revealed that educational attainment moderated the impact of experimental condition on purchase intentions (p for interaction = 0.002) such that participants with a bachelor's degree in the character condition reported 0.36 points lower purchase intentions compared to the control with no difference between conditions for those with an associate's degree/trade school or high school degree or less. This study did not find an impact of brand and licensed characters on children's breakfast cereals, suggesting that their primary appeal is directly to children. Parents with higher educational attainment may be skeptical of characters on cereal brands. Additional research on the impact of brand and licensed characters on other products, in real-world settings, is needed.

The obesogen bisphenol A promotes adipogenesis in canine adipose-derived stem cells: Potential implication in dog obesity

The growing number of companion dogs has contributed to a rapidly growing market for pet products, including dog toys. However, little is known about the hazardous substances released from dog toys. This study aims to examine the potential presence of obesogens, a subset of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are widely utilized as raw materials in the manufacture of dog toy components, and their effects on dog health. To achieve this, we adapted and employed a migration method typically used for children's products to simulate obesogen exposure in dogs through sucking or chewing toys. We demonstrated that out of various obesogens, bisphenol A (BPA) was released from dog toys into synthetic saliva, whereas phthalates and azo dyes were not detected in any of the leachates. Additionally, we found that BPA induced adipogenic differentiation in canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs). Our RNA sequencing experiments revealed that BPA alters the adipogenesis-related gene signature in cADSCs by elevating the expression levels of ADIPOQ, PLIN1, PCK1, CIDEC, and FABP4. The associated transcriptional changes are involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, which may contribute to the promotion of adipogenesis by BPA. Our findings suggest that companion dogs are at risk of BPA exposure, which may contribute to obesity in dogs. Therefore, the implementation of precautionary measures is crucial.

Secondhand savvy: examining the influence of prior experience on motivators and barriers in parents' choice of children's secondhand products

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to examine the motivators and barriers parents face when acquiring secondhand products for their children while specifically investigating the potential influence of prior experience on the relationship between these motivators, barriers and parents' purchase intention toward secondhand clothing for their children.Design/methodology/approachTo address these objectives, a survey was conducted, yielding 265 valid responses. The sample comprised parents, with 96 having previous experience buying secondhand products and 169 without such experience. Multiple and binomial linear regression analyses were employed to examine the collected data.FindingsTwo motivators (economic motivation and environmental sustainability) and three barriers (social embarrassment, hygiene and risk) were tested, and our findings indicate that environmental sustainability and the perception of risk significantly influenced the intention to buy secondhand products for childrenswear. The results showed that for consumers with previous experience, the perception of risk is nonsignificant, suggesting that experience influences consumers' barriers to buying secondhand products.Originality/valueThis article is focused on the consumer behavior of parents who buy clothes for their children, and it is one of the few articles that proposes and tests a theoretical framework aiming to find empirical evidence about the motivators and barriers to consuming secondhand products in this market.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was specific to the childrenswear market, with characteristics that incentivize secondhand consumption, which might limit the findings.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that marketers should focus their efforts on highlighting sustainability claims when advertising their secondhand products to consumers and investing in incentivizing consumers to buy secondhand products for the first time, as it might reduce barriers to their consumption in the future.

Reviewing the current state of legacy POP-brominated flame retardants in plastic childcare products and toys: a scoping review protocol

BackgroundDue to their adverse environmental and health impacts, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention for global elimination of production and use. Their health impacts include endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive effects, and neurobehavioral and developmental disorders in children. Emerging literature suggests that legacy POP-BFRs are increasingly found in consumer products, including those used for and by children. The presence of legacy POP-BFRs in children’s products is a big concern. Children are more vulnerable to chemical exposure risks than adults because their bodies are still developing and fragile. The rising problem is contributed to by the global push towards a circular economy that encourages responsible production and consumption by practising the recycling of waste materials. Waste materials such as electronic and electrical equipment plastics often contain POP-BFRs. POP-BFRs in waste materials are transferred into new products through recycling. The recycled products have become a potential source of exposure to legacy POP-BFRs for vulnerable populations, particularly children. Our scoping review aims to map and summarise the emerging literature. This information is needed to inform evidence-based policies to protect children from toxic exposures.MethodsOur scoping review will follow a methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Peer-reviewed and grey literature on the topic will be retrieved from electronic databases and other relevant sites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review of studies for eligibility based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted, and findings will be mapped in a table according to study settings, types of children’s products tested, and concentration of legacy POP-BFRs in contaminated products. A map chart will be created to display how contaminated products are spread globally.DiscussionBecause of their unique vulnerabilities, children continue to suffer disproportionate exposures to toxic chemicals compared to adults. Information on potential exposures, particularly for children, is crucial to make evidence-based policies. We intend to map and summarise the emerging literature on legacy POP-BFRs in children's products. Findings will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders through publishing in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and policy briefs.Systematic review registrationThe protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7KDE5).

Material Engagement Shaping Participation of Children on the Autism Spectrum: Embodiment and Subjectivity in Small-Group Learning.

This study investigated the material engagement and their affordances for participation of children on the autism spectrum (AS) in small-group learning. Framed by a methodology called Idea Diary that fosters social interactions in classroom environments, our focus was on understanding how and when the construction and manipulation of the diary supported children's participation and knowledge construction in small groups. This investigation was guided by the intersection of the theory of subjectivity developed by Fernando González Rey and enactive accounts of cognition. This framework provided the view of the singularity in the communicative process of children on the AS and the necessary support for examining the mechanisms of engagement that led to children's participation. We present two case studies of 9-10-year-old boys. Data consists of the diaries produced and used by children and video recordings of children's interactions during small-group discussions. Our analytical approach included a qualitative semiotic analysis of the materials and a micro-analysis of the social interactions. The results showed, first, that children on the AS continuously engaged in the construction of the diary, expressing elements of their subjectivity-experiences, ideas and the system through which they interact with the world. Repetition framed children's productions and signalled engagement. Second, material engagement enabled participatory sense-making, which in this study appeared in creating new communicative resources between the child on the AS and their peers and in adapting the narratives, approximating children's perspectives in conversations. Although contextualised within a specific pedagogical practice, the study contributes to advancing our understanding of the role of material engagement in social participation in learning situations involving children on the AS, particularly relevant in educational psychology and education.

Implementation of The Consignment System at Lucky Jaya Mart Store: A Review of Islamic Business Ethics

This study aimed to determine how the Lucky Jaya Mart store carried out the business behavior towards its business partners and the implementation of the consignment sales system with the three product consignors of different categories of goods entrusted and reviewed according to Islamic Business Ethics. Using observation and interviews with Lucky Jaya Mart store, the consignor of chips products, the consignor of accessories and children's toys products, and the consignor of sweetbreads products as research data. The researcher used a qualitative approach with literature studies on relevant scientific works to analyze the business activities carried out by the Lucky Jaya Mart store. Based on the study results, Lucky Jaya Mart store had done business well. All activities were considered ethical regarding conducting business using a consignment sales system and the relationships between people involved. There were no parties who felt aggrieved in this collaboration system. On the contrary, all parties involved felt their rights and obligations were fulfilled so that ongoing business relationships could occur harmoniously.

In vitro assessment of addition of soy protein isolate on milk protein digestion and conformational behaviour

Soy protein (SP) and milk protein are nutritionally complementary proteins, while they have different postprandial kinetic manifestations. In this study, different sources of proteins (casein, whey protein and SP isolate) were compounded in different concentrations and ratios. An in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestive system for children was used to study the digestive behaviour. For all the concentrations assessed, a consistently high level of small peptide release was demonstrated at 2.67 g/100 mL protein concentration, while the addition of 10% SP isolate would increase the release of small peptides. Overall, the study offers novel perspectives on children's products with diverse protein sources.

Are "clean" products safe for children? An analysis of contact allergens in "clean" children's products from a popular retailer.

Considering consumer trends toward the use of "clean" personal care products and increasing recognition of childhood allergic contact dermatitis, we sought to characterize the allergen profile of such children's products. Ingredients of baby washes/shampoos, bubble baths, and moisturizers identified using the "Clean Baby" filter on Target®'s online marketplace were analyzed for relevant pediatric contact allergens. Product compositions declared fragrance in 82% of products, Compositae in 46%, cocamidopropyl betaine in 45%, glucosides in 37%, propylene glycol in 12%, lanolin in 1%, and no allergens in 9%-methylisothiazolinone and formaldehyde were not found. Children are greatly impacted by atopic dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction, which underscores a need for greater public awareness of sensitizing and irritating ingredients, particularly regarding pediatric personal care products.

Role of Zinc and Advanced Glycation End Products in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relation to Microvascular Complications

Role of Zinc and Advanced Glycation End Products in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relation to Microvascular Complications

The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education about Stunting Using Video Media on The Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers of Toddlers

Stunting is still a global health emergency, threatening children's health and productivity in the future. Stunting in children begins in the family environment. Mothers contribute fully to optimal child growth and development. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nutrition education about stunting using video media on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers under five. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test approach with a control group design was conducted in February – April 2023 at the Teluk Lingga Sangatta Health Center, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. A total of 36 samples were involved in this study by purposive sampling by taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. There were differences in knowledge before and after being given nutrition education videos with a value of p-0.000 and differences in attitudes before and after being given nutrition education videos with a value of p-0.000. There are differences in knowledge before and after nutrition education with leaflet p-0.000. There are differences in the attitude of mothers of toddlers before and after nutrition education with leaflet p-0.000. Nutrition education videos are more effective in increasing knowledge compared to the p-0.000 leaflet. Nutrition education videos are more effective in improving attitudes compared to leaflet p-0.001. Nutrition education videos about stunting are more effective in increasing knowledge and attitudes about stunting.

Understanding product hibernation periods with children's products and exploring motivations and barriers for product care to encourage their reuse

Product hibernation, where end-of-life products are kept but no longer used, poses a significant barrier to prolonging product lifespans within a circular economy. Obsolete products challenge users' decision-making process for the after-use phase and are often discarded despite being perfectly functional. This is especially common in households with growing children, where children's products are outgrown but not discarded. This paper presents the survey findings of 157 hibernating children's products, and interviews with five UK families, exploring reasons for product hibernation, and related reuse barriers. An idea generation workshop further explored the owners’ reuse experience with their children's products and identified fourteen factors that suggest opportunities to shift users' perception of end-of-life product value, care and reuse for these products, ultimately reducing product hibernation. This paper makes an original contribution to product reuse knowledge with the development of a framework for understanding reuse motivations and barriers through the lens of care.

Effects of Social Media Marketing on Buying Interest

This study aims to analyze Instagram's social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on brand equity, buying interest, word-of-mouth marketing. The author updates the research model that has previously been carried out. The industry that the researchers chose was the dairy industry. This study uses SOR (Stimulus Organism Response) theory as the basis for research. This researcher used quantitative methods with 192 respondents using the Roscoe formula with purposive sampling techniques. Data in this study was obtained by filling out questionnaires by respondents. There are 28 questions that must be answered by respondents through Google Form. Researchers analyzed the results of the validity of the Fornel Lacker Criterion discriminant. This study is intended to determine the impact generated from social media marketing activities (SMMA) and buying interest in children's milk products. This research shows that Instagram's social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on buying interest. Brand equity has a positive and significant effect on word-of-mouth marketing. The result obtained for marketing effectiveness is to use word of mouth marketing which has a positive and significant effect on respondents' buying interest.

Forensic interviewers' difficulty with the birthday narrative

BackgroundNarrative practice increases children's productivity in forensic interviews, and one recommended topic is the child's last birthday, though interviewers have raised concerns about its productivity. Study 1 ObjectiveStudy 1 surveyed forensic interviewers' use of and attitudes about the birthday narrative. Participants and settingParticipants included 170 forensic interviewers who subscribed to a webinar promoting use of the birthday narrative (Mage = 43 years, SD = 10.2, 94 % female). ResultsOver half (55 %) of interviewers reported that they rarely/never asked about children's birthdays, and non-users were especially likely to view the birthday narrative as never/rarely productive. Although interviewers viewed memory difficulties as more likely to occur with the birthday narrative than other practice topics (the child's likes, the child's day), non-users did not view memory difficulties, reluctance, generic reports, or religious objections as especially problematic. Open-ended responses identified negative experiences with the birthday as an additional concern, and interviewers' recommended wording of the prompts suggested suboptimal questioning strategies. Study 2 ObjectiveStudy 2 assessed the use of the birthday narrative in forensic interviews. Participants and settingThe sample included 350 forensic interviews with 4- to 12-year-old children (Mage = 8.85, SD = 2.59). ResultsOnly 4 % of children failed to recall substantive information if interviewers persisted, though another 11 % failed when interviewers stopped persisting. Invitations were more effective than other question types, especially among older children. 21 % of children mentioned a negative detail during their narrative. ConclusionsInterviewers' skepticism about the birthday narrative may be due to suboptimal questioning and sensitivity to occasional failures and negative information.

Temporal variation of chronic child malnutrition in the context of strengthening healthcare services in Burkina Faso: an Oaxaca-Blinder multivariate decomposition analysis.

Malnutrition seriously affects children's health, survival, and future productivity. According to the literature, increasing the supply of health services should help reduce the spread of malnutrition. This article analyses the sources of changes in the decline of chronic malnutrition during the 2000s, where there was an increase in the supply of health services in Burkina Faso. We used data from demographic and health surveys conducted in 2003 and 2010 in Burkina Faso. Malnutrition was defined according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, while using standards of growth which are current and uniform for the two periods of study considered. We analyzed the source of temporal variation of chronic malnutrition through the Oaxaca-Blinder multivariate decomposition of the proportion of children suffering from chronic malnutrition. The analyses showed that the relative extent of chronic malnutrition in children decreased significantly, from 43.4% (CI 95%: 42.3-44.4) in 2003 to 34.7% (CI 95%: 33.6-35.9) in 2010. A quarter of this variation is due to a change in characteristics (composition effect), and the remaining 74.74% is due to a difference in coefficients (performance or behavior effect). Improved access to health services played a crucial role in reducing the scale of chronic malnutrition between 2003 and 2010. Other factors, such as educating mothers and urbanization, also contributed significantly. This study shows that improving access to health services is crucial for reducing chronic malnutrition. So, programs tackling child malnutrition must first and foremost ensure that children have access to health services.

Investigating Perception to Production Transfer in Children With Cochlear Implants: A High Variability Phonetic Training Study.

This study builds upon an established effective training method to investigate the advantages of high variability phonetic identification training for enhancing lexical tone perception and production in Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients, who typically face ongoing challenges in these areas. Thirty-two Mandarin-speaking children with CIs were quasirandomly assigned into the training group (TG) and the control group (CG). The 16 TG participants received five sessions of high variability phonetic training (HVPT) within a period of 3 weeks. The CG participants did not receive the training. Perception and production of Mandarin tones were administered before (pretest) and immediately after (posttest) the completion of HVPT via lexical tone recognition task and picture naming task. Both groups participated in the identical pretest and posttest with the same time frame between the two test sessions. TG showed significant improvement from pretest to posttest in identifying Mandarin tones for both trained and untrained speech stimuli. Moreover, perceptual learning of HVPT significantly facilitated trainees' production of T1 and T2 as rated by a cohort of 10 Mandarin-speaking adults with normal hearing, which was corroborated by acoustic analyses revealing improved fundamental frequency (F0) median for T1 and T2 production and enlarged F0 movement for T2 production. In contrast, TG children's production of T3 and T4 showed nonsignificant changes across two test sessions. Meanwhile, CG did not exhibit significant changes in either perception or production. The results suggest a limited and inconsistent transfer of perceptual learning to lexical tone production in children with CIs, which challenges the notion of a robust transfer and highlights the complexity of the interaction between perceptual training and production outcomes. Further research on individual differences with a longitudinal design is needed to optimize the training protocol or tailor interventions to better meet the diverse needs of learners.

Development of nationally representative exposure factor database for children's products in Korea.

Children may be exposed to harmful chemicals from their products. Accurate exposure factors are critical for exposure assessment of children's products. Product usage pattern parameters are relatively limited compared with the chemical concentration, children's physiological and behavioral parameters. The aim of this study was to determine nationally representative Korean exposure factors for the usage patterns of children's products by sex, age, and season. Using proportional quota sampling, a survey of 10,000 households with children aged 0-12 years was conducted twice, once in summer and winter. The children's ages were divided into four groups: infant (0-2 years old), toddler (3-6), lower-grade elementary student (7-9), and higher-grade elementary student (10-12). Data on exposure factors such as use rate, use frequency, and use duration of 57 children's products were collected. The 57 products were classified into five categories: baby products (13), toys (12), daily products (10), sporting goods (8), and stationery (14). The use rates of products in the daily products and stationery category were >90% in both seasons. Two of the 57 products showed significant sex differences in all three exposure factors (p < 0.001). Twenty-five of the 44 non-baby products showed significant age differences for all three exposure factors. Twenty-three of the 57 products varied significantly with season for all three exposure factors. This study generated a nationally representative exposure factor database for the usage patterns of children's products in Korea. The exposure factors for 57 children's products were investigated through twice survey with quota sampling with each 10,000 children nationwide. Sex, age, and seasonal differences for children's products were identified. These accurate exposure factors by sex, age, and season can be used as input parameters for refined exposure assessment.

Innovations Products Children Working Brand Bilbil Kids in CV. Bilbil Berkah Sejahtera Bandung

Children's clothing is an important part of the fashion industry, which continues to grow. In recent years, innovation in children's clothing design and production has become a major focus for designers and manufacturers. This research aims to explore the latest innovations in children's clothing products, including designs adapted to children's development. The method used in this research is a comprehensive qualitative method from the results of analysis of several brands of children's clothing and interviews. It was found that forms of product innovation and innovative product development in Bilbil Kids prioritize the quality of raw materials for clothing and also product development is carried out using technical techniques. Sewing or sewing patterns used and speed in ordering custom clothing

Hubungan Keragamanan Makanan dengan Status Gizi Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun

Food diversity is a major problem for all developing countries, including Indonesia. Dietary diversity is associated with the risk of stunting and other nutritional problems. Stunting will have a negative impact on children's thinking, memory, school performance and work productivity in the future. In an effort to reduce the high stunting rate in Sumberwungu Village, the Government was distributing additional food in the form of snacks but it was not in accordance with nutritional needs. The aim of this research was to determine whether the nutritional status of toddlers aged 1-5 years was related to diversity in Sumberwungu Village, Tepus, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. This type of research uses a retrospective methodology and is an analytical observational study. The sample in the research was 34 toddlers who experienced nutritional problems. Food diversity data was collected using the IDDS questionnaire with a non-consecutive 2x24 hour recall method. The data analysis used in this research is univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis in this study uses the Kendal-Tau test to determine the relationship between food diversity and the nutritional status of toddlers. The results of data analysis showed that there was no relationship between food diversity and nutritional status in toddlers aged 1-5 years (z score BB/U p= 0.898, z score TB/U p= 0.941, and z score BB/TB p= 0.913).

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection of trace metal contents of children cosmetics

Consumption of cosmetic products in daily life in order to improve skin quality or appearance is becoming quite common. Over time, it may expose consumers to skin problems and effects caused by the absorption of chemical elements. Clean cosmetic production is important for our health. However, heavy metals can be found as impurities in raw materials or as by-products of the cosmetic production process. Women's ingestion and exposure to organic and inorganic contaminants in cosmetics through dermal absorption, due to reasons such as personal habits and characteristics of the living environment, may contribute to carcinogenic risks following daily dietary exposure. NCS ZC 81002b (Human Hair) was performed as a certified reference material in method validation. This work was conducted to evaluate element concentrations of selected elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Hg, Cd and Pb) in 3 different brands of children's cosmetic products such as bright and colorful 22 eye shadows (7 different colour) 4 lipsticks (3 different colour) and 4 nail polishes (3 different colour) used by children in Turkey. The sample solutions were analyzed with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique after the microwave digestion system. Consequently, the highest concentration of Al used as pigment was found in the eye shadow, lipstick and nail polish samples for the 3 brands, while the Se concentrations were the lowest in lipstick samples. The results of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, which are restricted or banned for use in cosmetic products in most countries, are below the limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada Product Safety Laboratory (PSL).

Intimate partner violence and children's health outcomes

A growing body of literature has established that childhood health is a crucial determinant of human capital formation. Shocks experienced in utero and during early life may have far-reaching consequences that extend well into adulthood. Nevertheless, there is relatively little evidence regarding the effects of parental behaviour on child health. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the child's health production function. Using data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study and leveraging information on both child health and IPV, our analysis reveals that exposure to IPV is negatively associated to child's health. Children witnessing IPV in their household see their probability of being in excellent health reduced by 7 percentage points. Our results also suggest that children exposed to IPV are subject to increased morbidity, manifested in elevated risks of hearing and respiratory problems, as well as long-term health conditions and are less likely to get fully immunised.