Processing In Children Research Articles

Verbal labels influence children's processing of decimal magnitudes

Verbal labels for math concepts influence multiple aspects of math learning. In this study, we examined the influence of point labels (e.g., 0.42 as “point four two”), decomposed labels (e.g., “four tenths and two hundredths”), and common-unit labels (e.g., “forty-two hundredths”) on children's processing and representation of decimal magnitudes. We randomly assigned 162 5th- and 6th-graders to briefly learn decomposed, common-unit, or point labels. Children then completed measures of decimal magnitude processing and representation. We found that the place-value labels (i.e., decomposed and common-unit labels) each showed unique advantages in reducing the whole-number bias, and common-unit labels also reduced componential processing. No difference was found in the ratio effect – which served as an index of the precision of decimal magnitude representation - among children from the three conditions. These findings add to our understanding of the role of verbal labels in math learning and have important implications for instructional practices.

Penerimaan Orang Tua Terhadap Keberadaan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Lembaga PAUD

Children with special needs are children who have physical, intellectual, emotional, and social limitations that affect the child's development and growth processes compared to other children. Parents' attitudes and behaviors are very influential for the development of children with special needs because parental support provides a successful developmental process. This study aims to describe the forms, treatment, and factors of parental acceptance of the existence of children with special needs with literature review research methods from various literature reviews in reputable National journals. The results of the study showed various forms of parental acceptance of children with special needs in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) institutions.

Interest-based STEM Education for Children

The demand of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education popularization is growing. Nowadays, the STEM education should be focus, especially on children. Children should be known about STEM as early as possible, even to learn some basic knowledge. Using Participatory observation method to keep kids’ interest in STEM education, during education this study met some problem and demand. Through research, observe, and test, this study showed the interest will be the most important in STEM education. The various performances and behaviors displayed by the students helped the study to analyze, investigate and summarize. The purpose of this research will get some information and experience from children, to observe the interest and understanding of children with STEM. Using this result can make a plan for kids’ education on STEM in the future. In the meantime, this study can help educator to get more understanding for the children's mental processes in study.

Coping Strategies for Online Learning from Home

The closure of schools as a preventive measure against the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented situation where parents have to take an active role in their children's learning process. This fact has generated both positive and negative emotions and behaviors that had not been evidenced before. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the coping strategies used by parents and their perceptions regarding online learning methods during the pandemic. The research was carried out with a mixed approach, where 201 parents with children in elementary school were recruited through social networks. In the quantitative part, the results revealed that cognitive and spiritual coping strategies predominated, motivated by the level of parental involvement in their children's education. On the other hand, in the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview was used focusing on social relationship, self-blame, and planning, where the emotional and affective bond that parents provided to their children during this period was highlighted. However, their concern and frustration were also evidenced by not having the necessary competencies to support their children's tasks and being unfamiliar with the use of technology, so they sought help from specialists and family members to obtain technological and didactic support that would allow sustaining the parent-school dyad in the transition to online learning from home. These findings lead to a rethink of learning management from the perspective of parents, which gives rise to a digital communication model that links the cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects.

Inattention symptom severity and cognitive processes in children at risk of ADHD: the moderating role of separation anxiety

ABSTRACT Impairments in cognitive processes and their associations with dimensional measures of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and anxiety were examined in children at risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Children referred by teachers for exhibiting ADHD-type problems (n = 116; 43 meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD; 4–8 years) completed computerized tasks measuring episodic memory, response inhibition, visuomotor control and sustained attention, while parents were interviewed (DAWBA) to assess ADHD and anxiety symptoms. Of the 116 children assessed, 72% exhibited impaired cognitive processes; 47% had impaired visuomotor control, 37% impaired response inhibition, and 35% had impaired episodic memory. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses using our final analytic sample (i.e., children who completed all cognitive tasks and a vocabulary assessment, n = 114) showed that poorer task performance and greater within-subject variability were significantly associated with more severe inattention symptoms but not with hyperactivity-impulsivity severity. Symptoms of separation anxiety, which were reported in over half of the sample, moderated associations between inattention and episodic memory, and between inattention and inhibition. Only children without separation anxiety showed significant correlations between ADHD symptoms and poor performance. However, separation anxiety had no moderating effect on associations between inattention and visuomotor control or sustaining attention. Children exhibiting signs of ADHD show impairments across a range of cognitive tasks. Further research to improve our understanding of these processes may be useful in the development of early interventions. Our results suggest that separation anxiety should be taken into account when considering interventions to address emerging neuropsychological deficits associated with this disorder.

Examining the Effect of Increased Screen Usage Time on Preschoolers' Cognitive Process Skills During Covid 19 Period

Today, due to various factors such as facilitation of access to digital technologies, widespread internet use, rapidly increasing urbanization, and digitization of education, children meet the screen at a much earlier age and screen usage times increase rapidly. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the whole world, the introduction of distance education has been another important factor that increases screen usage time. According to the results of the research, long-term screen use can cause eye health problems and sleep problems in children, inadequate and unhealthy nutrition, mood and behavioral disorders, impaired cognitive functions, and attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorder. This research aims to examine the effects of screen use on the cognitive process skills of preschoolers who are 5 years old. The research is designed according to qualitative research methodology and case study pattern. A total of 34 children (17 female and 17 male) who are the students of a kindergarten affiliated with the Ministry of National Education, three preschool teachers, and 34 parents (father/mother), were the main study group. Purposeful sampling technique was used in the creation of the working group. The research data were collected through a questionnaire for parents, a child observation form for preschool teachers, and a structured observation form developed for five-year-olds. The semi-structured observation form filled out by the researchers was filled out considering observations of children during seven different activities with children and children's cognitive process skills during activity tasks. The data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was observed that children with a high screen usage time were more frequently disconnected from educational activities, had trouble focusing (such as forgetting the row and column they stayed in, mixing the star they were following, not noticing the lack of shape, having difficulty finding the color they were looking for in painting), shorter attention spans and time to engage with the activity.

Pirmsskolas izglītības pedagogu pieredzes izpēte dabaszinātņu mācību jomas satura īstenošanā

Preschool age is very important for the child as it forms the first notions about nature, child’s place in the world, gives an opportunity to form a relationship with nature, thus creating an opportunity to form the basis of scientific literacy. The development of the understanding of natural sciences can address the following important future challenges: the future demand for natural science professionals, the development of critical thinking that could prevent the dezinformation risks in the future, and ecological thinking and concerns about nature preventing the climate change. For the formation of scientific understanding to be successful, it is necessary to allow the children to develop their own ideas instead of accepting only teachers’ ideas, and it can be implemented by providing the opportunity for the children to be outside, in the nature. The aim of this article is to study the experience of teachers when implementing the learning content of the field of natural sciences as well as the child's research process in preschool, highlighting the importance of the field of natural sciences in pre-school education. The article provides the review of literature, including the analysis of various Latvian and European Union policy documents, as well as describes the experience of Latvian pre-school teachers in organizing the learning process in the field of natural sciences. The results of the research allow concluding that in different educational institutions children's research activities are carried out unequally, as well as children's oportunities to be outdoors and in nature are limited. Many teachers lack confidence in their knowledge and skills in organizing children's research as well as they lack basic knowledge of pre-school curriculum in the specified content units in the field of science related to matter, organisms, the universe and earth systems. It has been concluded that further research is needed to improve the process of teaching natural sciences in pre-school education institutions providing an opportunity for pre-school teachers to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, thus gaining confidence for successful teaching of natural sciences in pre-school education.

The Relationship of Mother's Knowledge Level and Occupation with Feeding Patterns of 12-60 Months Children in Melapeh New Village Kutai Barat Regency

Background: Diet in toddlers plays an important role in the growth process in toddlers, because foods that contain lots of nutrients can support the child's growth and development process. So, there is malnutrition in toddlers. The level of knowledge and work of the mother will greatly affect the pattern of feeding the child, the mother's ignorance of the pattern of feeding the child will result in errors in the selection of food ingredients so that it will cause malnutrition. Objective: To determine the relationship between mother's level of knowledge and occupation with feeding patterns in children aged 12-60 months in Melapeh Baru Village. Methods: This type of research is an observational study using a Cross Sectional approach. The population of mothers with toddlers aged 12-60 months in Melapeh Baru Village in January 2021 amounted to 124 toddlers. Results and Discussion: The test results obtained that there was a relationship between the level of mother's knowledge (p-value = 0.035) and work (p-value = 0.000) with eating patterns in children aged 12-60 months. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and mother's occupation with feeding patterns in children aged 12-60 months in Melapeh Baru Village

Faktor determinan riwayat kehamilan dan kelahiran sebagai penyebab stunting

Stunting is a condition of failure or a child's growth process that is not following their age. Many factors can cause children to experience stunting both in terms of health and outside health, such as economic conditions, nutritional status experienced by mothers during pregnancy, malnutrition, and improper feeding and care early in life. The study aimed to determine pregnancy and birth history as risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months. The study used a case-control design, with the number of subjects being 176 children, calculating subjects using total sampling techniques on case subjects and matching on control subjects. The research was conducted at the Pangkalan Balai Health Center, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, in 2022. Data was collected for one month and then analyzed using the chi-square test and Logistic Regression. The results showed that parental income (p= 0,034; OR= 2,571), early marriage (p= 0,001; OR= 2,760), maternal age at pregnancy (p= 0,003; OR= 2,692), nutritional status at pregnancy (p=0,020; OR=2,080), birth length (p= 0,001; OR= 6,633) and birth weight (p= 0,044; OR= 3,632) are risk factors for stunting. The most influential determinant factor was the birth length. Conclusion, parental income, early marriage, age at risk of pregnancy, nutritional status of pregnant women, birth length, and birth weight are risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Pangkalan Balai Health Center.

Peran Orang Tua, Masyarakat dan Guru terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa SDN 03 Sukadana

The study aims to determine how the role of parents, community and teachers on student learning motivation at SDN 03 Sukadana, Ciawigebang sub-district, Kuningan district. The study used a descriptive qualitative method. The object of research took 40 respondents consisting of parents, community, and teachers. Data processing techniques were carried out with field observations, interviews and literature studies. The research was conducted during 5 months ranging from August to December 2022. The results showed that parents or guardians of SDN 03 Sukadana students have an important role in student learning motivation. Parents as facilitators of children learning outside the hours of school teaching and learning activities Parents have a high awareness in developing spurring student learning motivation. They monitor, accompany and supervise their children's learning process at home. The surrounding community at SDN 03 Sukadana is active in the progress of students' learning motivation and the learning process at school. Teachers at SDN 03 Sukadana play a significant role in student learning motivation. Teachers need to strengthen their human resources in terms of utilizing and using technology to support student learning.

The Timing Tells the Tale: Multiple Morphological Processes in Children’s and Adults’ Spelling

ABSTRACT Purpose Despite abundant evidence that morphemes are important in reading and spelling, little is known about the nature of processing in spelling. This study identifies multiple morphological processes over the time course of spelling, revealing that these processes are influenced by development. Method Twenty adults and 46 children (8;0–12;1 years) completed an auditory lexical decision task followed by a spelling task, to explore the effects of morphological structure and cross-modal morphological priming by analyzing handwriting latencies before and during spelling production. Results Adults and children both demonstrated morphological processing during lexical access – they were faster to begin to write morphologically complex words (e.g., artist) compared to matched monomorphemic controls (e.g., article). Adults (but not children) also demonstrated cross-modal morphological priming. Further, adults (but not children) demonstrated the effects of morphological processing during spelling production. Inter-letter latencies were shorter between the last two letters of a root morpheme than the same letters in monomorphemic control words (e.g., ar[]tist compared to ar[]ticle). Conclusion Together, these findings reflect multiple facilitative effects of morphological processing during spelling production – during lexical access and spelling production. This highlights the need for greater integration of morphological processes into theories of skilled spelling and spelling development.

Severely Attenuated Visual Feedback Processing in Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Individuals on the autism spectrum often exhibit atypicality in their sensory perception, but the neural underpinnings of these perceptual differences remain incompletely understood. One proposed mechanism is an imbalance in higher-order feedback re-entrant inputs to early sensory cortices during sensory perception, leading to increased propensity to focus on local object features over global context. We explored this theory by measuring visual evoked potentials during contour integration as considerable work has revealed that these processes are largely driven by feedback inputs from higher-order ventral visual stream regions. We tested the hypothesis that autistic individuals would have attenuated evoked responses to illusory contours compared with neurotypical controls. Electrophysiology was acquired while 29 autistic and 31 neurotypical children (7-17 years old, inclusive of both males and females) passively viewed a random series of Kanizsa figure stimuli, each consisting of four inducers that were aligned either at random rotational angles or such that contour integration would form an illusory square. Autistic children demonstrated attenuated automatic contour integration over lateral occipital regions relative to neurotypical controls. The data are discussed in terms of the role of predictive feedback processes on perception of global stimulus features and the notion that weakened "priors" may play a role in the visual processing anomalies seen in autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Children on the autism spectrum differ from typically developing children in many aspects of their processing of sensory stimuli. One proposed mechanism for these differences is an imbalance in higher-order feedback to primary sensory regions, leading to an increased focus on local object features rather than global context. However, systematic investigation of these feedback mechanisms remains limited. Using EEG and a visual illusion paradigm that is highly dependent on intact feedback processing, we demonstrated significant disruptions to visual feedback processing in children with autism. This provides much needed experimental evidence that advances our understanding of the contribution of feedback processing to visual perception in autism spectrum disorder.

Pain and discomfort in children with gastrostomy tubes – In the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

BackgroundIn children with malignant and severe non-malignant disorders undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment related pain and discomfort are common. Food consumption may become troublesome, making the use of a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) necessary and resulting in complications, why the purpose was to explore pain and discomfort during the transplantation and post-transplantation time. MethodsThis was a mixed methods study where data were collected along the child's total health-care process between 2018 and 2021. Questions with fixed answer options were used, simultaneously, semi-structured interviews were performed. In total, sixteen families participated. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to describe analysed data. FindingsIntense pain was common during the post-surgery phase, especially in conjunction with G-tube care, which is why the children needed support to manage the situation. After the post-surgery phase when the skin has healed, most of the children experienced minor to no pain or bodily discomfort, why the G-tube became a well-functioning and supportive tool in daily life. ConclusionsThis study describes variations in and experiences of pain and bodily discomfort in conjunction with G-tube insertion in a unique sample of children who had undergone HSCT. In conclusion, the children's comfort in daily life after the post-surgery phase seemed to be only marginally affected by G-tube insertion. Children with severe non-malignant disorders seemed to experience a higher frequency and intensity of pain and bodily discomfort due to the G-tube than children with malignant disorders. Practice implicationsThe paediatric care team need competence in assessing G-tube related pain and awareness that experiences may differ depending on the child's disorder.

MODERN SCANDINAVIAN STYLE CONCEPT IN APPLICATION OF INTERIOR ELEMENTS FOR CHILDREN'S STUDY ROOM

By presenting a children's study room with a comfortable and conducive learning environment, it will support the learning process and increase motivation and concentration of children. Interior elements with Modern Scandinavian style will affects the interior atmosphere in the children's study room. To support the children's learning process, the processing of interior elements in the children's study room must be in accordance with the standards. This study aims to implement the Modern Scandinavian style concept in the application of interior elements of children's study rooms to provide a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere for children. Research related to the discussion of the Modern Scandinavian style concept in the application of interior elements has never been studied by various parties, so the author brings up this discussion in the article. The design method uses 8 stages of the design process with qualitative and descriptive research techniques. This design shows that the modern Scandinavian style concept in the application of interior elements for children's study rooms can create a comfortable, safe, and conducive learning environment for children. This article is intended for students who are doing interior design, students who are doing internships, and designers who are doing research/projects related to children's study rooms.

Peran Orang Tua Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Anak di Jalan Gatot Soebroto Lorong Adinda Kelurahan Mautapaga Kabupaten Ende

This study aims to determine the role of parents in improving children's achievement on Jalan Gatot Soebroto, Lorong Adinda, Mautapaga Village, Ende Regency. The problem in this study is what is the role of parents in increasing children's achievements on Jalan Gatot Soebroto, Lorong Adinda, Mautapaga Village, Ende Regency. This study uses qualitative research based on the use of complete and in-depth information in interpreting data about variables, is non-quantitative in nature and is intended to explore in depth and not extend to phenomena. The method used is the method of interviews, observation and documentation. The findings of this study are that the role of parents in determining student achievement at school is very large. Parents who do not pay attention to their children's education, for example, they are indifferent to their child's learning process, do not pay any attention to their child's interests and needs in learning, do not manage their study time, do not provide or complete learning tools, do not want to know how their child's learning is progressing, the difficulties experienced by their children in learning and others can cause children to be less or even not successful in their studies. Conversely, parents who always pay attention to their children, especially attention to their learning activities at home, make children more active and more enthusiastic in learning because they know that they are not the only ones who want to progress, but their parents also have the desire. the same one. So that the learning outcomes or learning achievements achieved by students are better.

Developing Student Emotional Intelligence by Involving the Active Role of Teacher

This research is specifically aimed at elementary school teachers who have a big role in the child's education process. Perfect education is of course visualized by balancing all abilities and potentials within the child. Researchers want educators to be able to consider taking a bigger role in instilling students' emotional intelligence. In this study, the method used is mixed methods, which means combining two forms of research that have existed before, namely quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research is research that is descriptive in nature and uses a lot of analysis with an inductive approach. The qualitative approach emphasizes meaning, definition of certain conditions, and examines matters relating to everyday life. The conclusion from this study is that teachers should be able to provide advice and provide examples of exemplary attitudes for students to emulate, such as by providing examples in daily actions. Give a simple parable but can be understood by students. By giving parables such as profit and loss, to teach students that what we do can bring good (profit) or actually bring bad (loss) and also gives other parables such as cause and effect, so that students understand that what they do will have an impact on them.

Nursing care and nurses' understandings of grief and bereavement among patients and families during cancer illness and death - A scoping review.

Grief and bereavement is often present among patients and families during courses of cancer. Offering support for both patients and families is essential in the context of cancer nursing. Present scoping review offers an overview of existing knowledge, which can be used for inspiration in cancer-nursing. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify understandings of grief and bereavement, which is present in a cancer-nursing context and to develop insight on existing knowledge about nursing interventions targeted patients and their families' experiences of grief and bereavement due to cancer illness. The scoping review is conducted, inspired by the methodology of Joanna Briggs Institute. Sources of evidence are retrieved from a large number of databases and resources. Twenty-two studies are included in the scoping review. The studies are retrieved from eight different countries. Findings are mapped in nine categories. Eight categories related to nursing care targeted patients and/or families experiencing grief and/or bereavement; One category related to understandings of grief and/or bereavement targeted patients and families. Nursing interventions to support patients and their families during grief and bereavement covers a broad spectrum of interventions. E.g. communication; using artwork; cultural and spiritual care; bereavement care; supporting coping strategies. Different models and theoretical understandings were identified. E.g. The dual process model of coping with bereavement; A Divorced Family-focused Care Model; Family Strengths-Oriented Therapeutic Conversation (Fam-SOTC); and understandings of children's grieving process.

Analisis peran orang tua dalam pendampingan belajar peserta didik sekolah dasar

<p><em>This study aims to describe the results of the Analysis of the Role of Parents in Student Learning Assistance. This study discusses the role of parents in student learning assistance which takes place at the subject's home, namely in Karang Tengah Hamlet, Jatipuro Village, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. </em><em>This study uses a type of qualitative research. This research uses a case study approach with qualitative methods. Techniques in collecting data are observation, interviews, and documentation. The subject of this study was one student at SD Negeri 02 Jatipuro. The data analysis technique used is technical triangulation. </em><em>The results of the research show that the role of parents in assisting students' learning varies and plays a role in supporting children's learning processes. Parents have given the best role to help students in learning by providing assistance, motivation, role models, and facilities. The results of this study indicate that parents play a very important role in the child's learning process. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the role of parents (Mr. Mardi and Mrs. Sri Wahyuni) in assisting students in learning has shown the role of parents, namely first, carrying out the process of accompanying learning by providing several examples in solving problems and providing suggestions for trying various solution method. Second, giving encouragement to children in learning to help children produce their own ideas in the form of giving awards in the form of goods or praise. Third, set a good example by inviting children and asking them to try to implement the ideas that children convey by adjusting the child's abilities and linking them to everyday life. Fourth, provide good facilities in the form of a good room or environment.</em></p>

The Psychological Impact of Handling Case of Sex Violence in Children

Sexual violence is a new event caused by the rapid flow of globalization. Sexual violence actually happens to children. Children who are supposed to be the next generation of the nation, whose rights are protected and protected by law, actually become victims of sexual violence. The data shows, victims of sexual violence against children show an increase every year. This has a big impact on the development of children. The method used in this research is by way of literature study and qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, the researcher found the factors causing the crime of sexual violence, namely internal factors and external factors. In addition, the psychological impact arising from sexual violence is also very large, namely traumatic feelings to PTSD, psychological illness with fear disturbances to an extreme sense of helplessness. The psychological impact arising from sexual violence must be immediately detected and given appropriate treatment so as not to interfere with the child's development process in the future.

Pre-Attentional Effects on Global Precedence Processing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Those with Typical Development on a Tablet-Based Modified Navon's Paradigm Task.

This study aimed to characterize the pre-attentional effects on global precedence processing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with typical development (TD). A sample of 17 participants, comprising eight children with ASD and nine TD children, were recruited for the study. A tablet-based assessment utilizing a global and local visual processing paradigm task was developed to investigate the participant's abilities. The task consisted of verbal instructions to locate and touch either a global or local figure, presented in five conditions: neutral, congruent, and incongruent. The percentage of correct answers and reaction time (RT) for each task were measured and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that children with ASD exhibited statistically significant differences in both the percentage of correct scores and RT among various conditions, while TD children displayed differences in RT but not in the percentage of correct answers. These findings suggest that conflicting processes affect both behavioral and cognitive processes in children with ASD, and that cognitive effort is still involved for children with TD, but does not affect behavioral processes. In children with ASD, the RT was the shortest in the congruent (report local figure) condition; in children with TD, the RT was the shortest in the congruent (report global figure) condition. This implies that children with TD exhibit a pre-attentive effect on global precedence processing, while children with ASD do not. These visual-processing-function characteristics may aid in screening for visual perception problems in children with ASD.