Childhood Period Research Articles

Pelatihan Cara Deteksi Dini Gigi Berlubang, Gigi Berjejal, dan Kelainan dalam Mulut pada Komunitas Orang Tua dan Guru Playgoup dan TK Al-Alaq di Jatibening

The first 5 years of a child's development stage is a golden period in a child's growth and development period. Children's dental and oral health is very important, because the mouth is the first gate in the human digestive system. Parents' knowledge regarding dental and oral hygiene and health is the basis for forming children's behavior in maintaining children's oral and dental hygiene. Parents need to be provided with adequate knowledge on how to do an early detection of cavities, crowding of teeth, and abnormalities in the mouth as a form of prevention against tooth decay in children in the home environment. Community Service (PkM) was carried out online via Zoom Meeting on Friday 1 July 2022, and was attended by 37 people including teachers, staff and parents of students from Playgoup School and Kindergarten Al-Alaq Jatibening. The material provided is in the form of early detection of tooth decay, how to check oral health at home, how to detect crowding of teeth early, soft tissue disorders in the form of ppt, e-flyer and video. Measure success by completing a pre-test and post-test consisting of 17 knowledge questions related to the topic presented. It was found that participants' knowledge increased by 31%. The results obtained from this activity are very good with partners who are willing to carry out PkM activities on an ongoing basis.

To Explore the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Body Dysmorphic Symptoms in Young Adulthood

Abstract: This study is intended to investigate the connection between the child trauma and body dysmorphic disorders as experienced by the youth in 18-25-year-old age-group. Although the research yielded r=0.271 pval < 0.001 for the relationship between childhood trauma and body distortion symptoms, the findings also indicate a non-significant p value of 0.551 which shows the two variables do not have a causal link among this sample. It appears that the cildhood trauma does not have a direct effect on the geness of body dysmorphic symptoms among teenagers. Research into the complex interaction between the developmental period of childhood and the emergence of body dysmorphic symptoms is still necessary, and additionally, one should consider the factors that could affect this engagement positively. Moreover, the range of interventions that addresses body dysmorphic symptoms should move beyond the usual settings to get at the core of the real factors to successfully help the affected individuals.

Role of Inflammation in Short Sleep Duration Across Childhood and Psychosis in Young Adulthood

Short sleep duration over a prolonged period in childhood could have a detrimental impact on long-term mental health, including the development of psychosis. Further, potential underlying mechanisms of these associations remain unknown. To examine the association between persistent shorter nighttime sleep duration throughout childhood with psychotic experiences (PEs) and/or psychotic disorder (PD) at age 24 years and whether inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) potentially mediate any association. This cohort study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Data analysis was conducted from January 30 to August 1, 2023. Nighttime sleep duration was collected at 6, 18, and 30 months and at 3.5, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, and 6 to 7 years. PEs and PD were assessed at age 24 years from the Psychosislike Symptoms Interview. CRP level at ages 9 and 15 years and IL-6 level at 9 years were used as mediators. Latent class growth analyses (LCGAs) were applied to detect trajectories of nighttime sleep duration, and logistic regressions were applied for the longitudinal associations between trajectories of nighttime sleep duration and psychotic outcomes at 24 years. Path analyses were applied to test CRP and IL-6 as potential mediators. Data were available on 12 394 children (6254 female [50.5%]) for the LCGA and on 3962 young adults (2429 female [61.3%]) for the logistic regression and path analyses. The LCGA identified a group of individuals with persistent shorter nighttime sleep duration across childhood. These individuals were more likely to develop PD (odds ratio [OR], 2.50; 95% CI, 1.51-4.15; P < .001) and PEs (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.23-5.95; P < .001) at age 24 years. Increased levels of IL-6 at 9 years, but not CRP at 9 or 15 years, partially mediated the associations between persistent shorter sleep duration and PD (bias-corrected estimate = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.002-0.005; P = .007) and PEs (bias-corrected estimate = 0.002; 95% CI, 0-0.003; P = .03) in young adulthood. Findings of this cohort study highlight the necessity of addressing short sleep duration in children, as persistence of this sleep problem was associated with subsequent psychosis. This study also provides preliminary evidence for future targeted interventions in children addressing both sleep and inflammatory responses.

Соотношение Мотива и Способа в актах развития действия

&lt;p&gt;The article raises a question how the cultural-historical psychology today should be reserached. The analysis of transitions of periods of childhood, periods (ages) and epochs of development, presented in D.B. Elkonin's understanding of the essence of periodization of child&amp;rsquo;s developement requires the identification of the situations when clearly appears the correlation of motive, purpose and method in the cumulative action of a child and an adult. Identifying such situations requires a change in the position of the researcher-experimenter, a consideration of the way and conditions of the child-adult interaction, i.e., a consideration of situations in which the Mediating Action unfolds. It&amp;rsquo;s required from the researchers in Nonclassical Psychology.&lt;/p&gt;

“Our life literally got turned upside down”: Mothers' experiences of theCOVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to describe how the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced the lives of families with preschool‐age children, both broadly and with respect to familial roles, relationships, and routines.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic placed a significant caregiving burden on families with young children, but the voices and experiences of these families have not been well documented in the scientific literature. Preschool‐age children undergo rapid brain development during the early childhood period, and thus these children may be especially vulnerable to the effects of pandemic‐related stress.MethodWe conducted a qualitative descriptive study with caregivers of preschool‐age children. A semi‐structured interview was used to elicit information about the COVID‐19 pandemic's influence on family functioning, routines, and relationships. We used inductive thematic analysis to code the data and identify themes and subthemes.ResultsThirty‐five women participated in the study. Women described both positive and negative influences of the pandemic on family life. Themes included: 1) disrupted routines and the parent juggling act, 2) rattled relationships and close connections, 3) the pile‐up of pandemic related stressors, and 4) coping strategies and “coming out on the other side.”Conclusions &amp; ImplicationsA deeper understanding of the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on family life provides critical insight necessary to inform targeted intervention efforts and improve long‐term outcomes for families with young children.

Assessing Temperament Risk Factors in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Development and Validation of the Integrative Late Childhood Temperament Inventory.

Childhood temperament has a well-documented influence on later life outcomes, notably behavior problems, quality of interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement. However, there is at present a lack of brief measures that assess temperament characteristics which are represented across models of temperament in the late childhood and early adolescence period. To redress this gap, the aim of the current study was to develop and validate a short questionnaire that extends an earlier integrative measure of temperament, the Integrative Child Temperament Inventory (ICTI) to the late childhood period. The new measure (named Integrative Late Childhood Temperament Inventory, ILCTI) includes all five components of the ICTI (frustration, behavioral inhibition, attention/persistence, activity level, sensory sensitivity), plus affiliation. German- or English-speaking parents rated a total of 525 children, aged 8 to 14years. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the predicted structure of the new measure. Examination of fit indices and psychometric analyses showed that 24 items are sufficient to capture all six dimensions reliably. Next to convergent validity with established measures of temperament and personality, we also present analyses of associations with measures of externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and school failure all of which support the instrument's clinical utility. Thus, despite its brevity, the ILCTI is a reliable and valid measure of late childhood temperament that can be helpful in assessing risk of developing behavior problems or school failure.

The impact of family socioeconomic status on depression in Chinese adolescents: A comparison of life course models

BackgroundLow socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-recognized risk factor for depression. However, the relationship between the timing of exposure to disadvantaged SES in childhood and depression in adolescence remains to be explored. We examined the differential influence of SES in early childhood, late childhood and adolescence on adolescent depression by modeling life course models. MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (N = 2245). SES was measured using average household income (objective SES) and maternal subjective SES and grouped into three time points: 5–8 years, 9–12 years, and 13–16 years of age. The main outcome was depression at 13–16 years of age. Structured linear regression analysis was used to predict depression by low SES over the three time periods. A partial F test was used to compare the nested life course models to the saturated model. ResultsAmong objective SES permutations, approximately 24.63 % of the adolescents had low SES in all periods, and 73.63 % had low SES in at least one period. Among subjective SES permutations, approximately 5.48 % of the adolescents had low SES in all periods, and 54.65 % had low SES in at least one period. Regardless of objective SES or subjective SES, the accumulation of risk (relaxed) model was the best-fit model. In this model, chronic low SES exposure in late childhood was the best predictor. ConclusionWe suggest that interventions targeting the late childhood period may have a practical effect on reducing depression in adolescents.

Lay persons in catechesis. Experience and challenges in the case of Slovenia

Unlike in most other countries, religious education did not return to public schools in Slovenia after the fall of communism. The Catholic Church intensively introduced and developed catechesis in parishes. The new Slovenian Catechetical Plan opens the door to consider the various forms of catechesis already taking place in parish communities and to a lifelong model of catechesis that is not confined to the period of childhood and adolescence. The article analyses the development of the field of catechesis in Slovenia and the role of lay catechists. It highlights the main trends and challenges in catechesis and some of the existing solutions that no longer look only at the age of candidates but take into account their maturity and readiness when preparing to receive the sacraments of initiation. The analytical research is further illuminated by the author’s personal experience as a layperson involved in catechesis.

Primary school students’ perceptions of social support, school satisfaction and life satisfaction

Perceived life satisfaction during the period of childhood and adolescence can be considered a reliable measure of psychological and emotional growth of children and adolescents. The current study aimed to investigate age differences related to social support provided to students (by teachers, classmates, parents and close friends), and its relationship with school and life satisfaction. The study also examined the significance of social support in explaining students' school and life satisfaction. Data were collected from a sample comprising 390 primary school students in grades 3 - 8 in Croatia. The findings indicate that students perceive a lower level of support received from parents, teachers, classmates and close friends, and lower school and life satisfaction, as they age. Statistically significant differences were found in perceived teacher support and school and life satisfaction between younger and older students. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that age and support from teachers and classmates are significant predictors of school satisfaction. The most significant predictors of students' life satisfaction are support from parents and classmates, and school satisfaction. Finally, the implications of the findings and guidelines for future research are discussed.

Experiences of Adversity and Validity of Baseline Concussion Testing.

Neurocognitive testing is a critical tool in the management of sport-related concussions. Adversity during childhood and adolescence affects cognitive tasks, behavioral outcomes, and academic performance. Adversity may be important in baseline concussion test validity as well; however, the influence of these experiences is not well understood. To examine the relationship between individual-level experiences of adversity and baseline test validity of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). We hypothesized that experiences of poverty, maltreatment, or extreme neighborhood deprivation would be associated with lower odds of baseline test validity. Case-control study. Cuyahoga County, Ohio. A total of 6495 student-athletes born from 1995 through 2005 who completed a baseline ImPACT test between 10 and 18 years old and were identified in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data system, a comprehensive data system with demographic and social service usage outcomes for children in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Baseline concussion test validity was determined using the ImPACT built-in validity measure. Experiences of adversity during the sensitive developmental periods of early childhood and adolescence were key independent variables. Our findings suggested that social mobility may play an important role in baseline validity. Youth with upward social mobility (ie, poverty or neighborhood deprivation in early childhood only) were not different from youth without such experiences (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, P = .74). Youth with persistent adversity across childhood or downward social mobility (ie, poverty or high neighborhood deprivation in adolescence only) had 50% to 72% lower odds of achieving a valid baseline test (persistent poverty, OR = 0.59, P = .05; adolescent poverty only, OR = 0.50, P = .004; adolescent neighborhood deprivation only, OR = 0.28, P < .001). Maltreatment had no significant effect on test validity. These findings indicated that certain patterns of adversity may predispose youth to invalid baseline testing scores, potentially increasing their risk of inappropriate injury management and poor outcomes.

Associations between life course longitudinal growth and hip shapes at ages 60–64 years: evidence from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development

ObjectiveWe sought to examine associations between height gain across childhood and adolescence with hip shape in individuals aged 60–64 years from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and...

Evaluation of sleep problems and related factors in children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine sleep problems in newly diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compared these problems with typically developing (TD) children in early childhood period. We also evaluated the factors that may be related to sleep problems in ASD group. Methods Forty-eight children with ASD and 46 TD children, and their parents were enrolled in the study. The severity of autistic symptoms and mother–child relationship of children with ASD, and developmental level of all children were assessed. The parents completed questionnaires related to their children’s sleep, behavioral problems, and their own psychiatric symptoms. Results ASD group did not differ from controls in terms of sleep problems. Sleep problems were associated with behavioral problems (p < 0.001), developmental level (p < 0.05), autism severity (p < 0.01), maternal psychopathology (p < 0.01) and mother–child relationship quality (p < 0.05) in ASD group. However, behavioral problems had the strongest association with sleep problems. Conclusions The similarity in sleep problems between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children during early childhood highlights the clinical importance of recognizing and addressing these challenges early on. Particularly, given the strong association with behavioral problems in children with ASD, clinicians should prioritize comprehensive assessments and interventions targeting behavioral aspects to improve sleep outcomes. This study calls for further research into the developmental trajectory of sleep problems in ASD children, contributing valuable insights to the broader literature on effective clinical approaches for this population in their management.

A Comparative Clinical Study of Mridweekadi Churna and Yavagrajadi Vati in Tundikeri (Tonsillitis) in Children

Tonsillitis is one of the common diseases in pediatric age group. In Ayurveda it can be correlated with Tundikeri, Which has been described under the Mukharoga. Description of Mridweekadi Churna is mentioned in Charaka Samhita in Trimarmiya Aadhyay under Mukha Rogas Chikitsa, and description of Yavagrajadi Vati is mentioned in Yoga Ratnakar in Mukha Roga Chikitsa Aadhyay. According to Acharya Vagbhata the main Dosha involved in Tundikeri is Kapha Dosha. Majority of ingredients of Mridweekadi Churna and Yavagrajadi Vati have Tikta, Kashaya, Laghu, Ruksha Guna, due to this it subsides Kapha Dosha. Therefore, a study was planned to compare the effect of both drug in Tundikeri (tonsillitis). Methods: Children, aged 5 to 16 years, suffering from tonsillitis were registered and categorized under two groups: group- A and group-B. Group A- Patients were treated with Mridweekadi Churna, and Group B- Patients were treated with Yavagrajadi Vati for 10 days and 7 days follow up also done by drug free period. Results: In Group-A, 55% patients were moderately improved and 45% patients showed mild improvements. In Group-B, 15% patients showed marked improvement, 75% patients were moderately improved and 10% patients showed mild improvement. Conclusion: Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils and it is a common childhood illness. During childhood period there is a natural dominancy of Kapha dosha and Tundikeri- a Kapha Pradhana disease (according to Acharya Vagbhata), hence children are more prone to it. To treat this, drugs should have the Kaphahar properties like Tikta, Kashaya ras and Laghu, Ruksha Guna. In this comparative clinical study both the chosen drugs, Mridweekadi Churna and Yavagrajadi Vati possesses all these properties and also are markedly effective in Tundikeri, but group B Yavagrajadi Vati display better results than Mridweekadi Churna. This study will also help future researchers to evaluate further in this research work.

Developmental anomalies of the breast in the pediatric population

Pediatric breast conditions, which rarely require biopsy or excision and where follow-up with ultrasound is sufficient, are usually temporary. To understand childhood's physiological and pathological conditions, it is necessary to know the stages of intrauterine development, as in every organ. In neonatal and subsequent childhood periods, ultrasound is sufficient as a radiological examination after history and physical examination. Malign masses are sporadic, and benign masses are rarely encountered. Parental anxiety is an essential factor affecting patient management from the first admission to the final follow-up examination. For this reason, practitioners need to know information that reassures patients and parents with an appropriate methodology in developmental breast diseases.

Nutrition of preschoolers and junior schoolchildren: trends, problems and search for ways of optimization

Nutrition is one of the key factors shaping and determining the health of children in all periods of childhood. Rational nutrition provides adequate development of children’s organism, contributes to the prevention of a wide range of diseases, while nutritional imbalance affects not only physical health, but also all spheres of life activity. The article presents generalized data on the factors that ensure the formation of nutritional behavior of the child, discusses the issues of age physiology of preschool and school age, the peculiarities of the organization of nutrition, taking into account the attendance of educational institutions. The main trends and problems in the nutrition of children 3–10 years old are presented, as well as possible ways to solve them. The article discusses the possibilities of preventive interventions in case of unbalanced diet and/or increased nutrient requirements of the organism through the correction of diet, lifestyle and the use of combined vitamin and mineral complexes and biologically active additives both to ensure the physiological needs of the child’s organism and in the situation of deficiency.

Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Perilaku Orang Tua Dalam Pencegahan Kejang Demam Berulang Pada Balita Di Ruang Asoka RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit

Toddlers are children in the age range of 0-5 years old. The childhood period is the most vulnerable to diseases. Febrile seizures are often encountered in toddlers, where the body temperature rises suddenly and becomes a triggering factor for seizures. Based on the frequently occurring phenomenon, many parents do not know how to handle seizures, and when a child has a fever, it is not handled properly, such as not immediately applying warm compresses to the child, not giving fever-reducing medicine. Therefore, some parents still lack strong motivation to prevent febrile seizures. The research aims to analyze the relationship between motivation and parental behavior in preventing recurrent febrile seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit. This is a quantitative study, correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, and total sampling technique. The sample consists of 54 parents. Data collection is done using two questionnaires: a motivation questionnaire and a behavior questionnaire, using the Spearman rank statistical test. The research results obtained a p-value of 0.000 &lt;0.05, indicating a relationship between motivation and the behavior of preventing recurrent seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit. The correlation coefficient value is 0.553, meaning it has a strong positive relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between motivation and parental behavior in preventing recurrent seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit.

Learning by parenting: How do mothers respond to their children's developmental declines?

Children's developmental processes are not always linear. During the childhood period, children usually experience ups and downs in their skills, and how parents respond to these changes can crucially condition the subsequent process of child development. This paper examines (1) how children's developmental declines impact the level of cognitive stimulation implemented by the mothers, and (2) whether these effects vary by socioeconomic groups. Using longitudinal NLSY79-CYA data from the US, I implement a series of two-way fixed effects and fixed effects counterfactual models. Findings show that mothers respond negatively to the declines in their children's mathematical skills by decreasing their levels of cognitive stimulation, although the effects are relatively small, approximately one-tenth of a standard deviation. This effect is concentrated among mothers with low levels of education or those at the bottom part of the income distribution. Additionally, it's observed that mothers in the sample do not modify their behaviours in response to declines in their children's reading skills. All in all, this evidence suggests that mothers might be reinforcing existing disadvantages by decreasing their cognitive stimulation when their children show developmental declines and that this mechanism could be responsible for broadening the developmental gap between children from low- and high-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Co-benefits from health and health systems to education

This review draws on over 70 studies spanning 2000 to 2023 to analyze the causal effect of health on educational outcomes. Health and health system interventions during the prenatal, infant, and childhood period impact longer-run educational attainment and performance. The magnitude of these effects is both statistically and economically significant, comparable in size to impacts on educational outcomes of interventions found in the literature. These impacts of health and health system interventions differ across gender and socioeconomic status, illustrating how health and health systems can exacerbate or mitigate educational inequalities. By showing the intertwined nature of health and education, this review highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach in policy-making that aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals.

Do intravitreal anti-VEGF injections have an effect on corneal endothelial remodeling in children with premature retinopathy?

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the corneal endothelium in the childhood period of patients who have had ROP. The material of comparative case-control clinical study consisted of patients followed up with ROP between February 2013 and February 2023. The eyes in the study group were divided into two subgroups consisting of those who received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (subgroup 1) and those who were followed up only (subgroup 2). Central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), central corneal thickness (CCT), and pleomorphism parameters in the childhood period were evaluated by corneal specular microscopy and compared with age-matched healthy control subjects. There were 84 eyes of 42 patients with ROP in the study group and 80 eyes of 40 healthy children in the control group. Mean CCT was significantly higher in subgroup 1 and the control group than in subgroup 2 (p = 0.037), and mean ECD was significantly higher in subgroup 2 than in subgroup 1 and the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between subgroup 1 and the control group in mean ECD and CCT values (p = 1.000 for both cases). Considering that ROP patients who received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections had more advanced-stage ROP than ROP patients who were followed up only, these findings suggest that intravitreal anti-VEGF applications in ROP cases may lead to corneal endothelial parameters similar to those of healthy eyes.

Newborn screening-detected 21-hydroxylase deficiency: growth pattern is not associated with the genotype.

Normalizing growth in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD-CAH) requires a long-term maintenance of a fragile balance between hydrocortisone (HC) replacement and androgen suppression. The growth pattern in children with 21OHD-CAH diagnosed by clinical symptoms has been evaluated in numerous retrospective studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth of patients with 21OHD-CAH detected by newborn screening (NBS), prior to clinical symptoms. Nation-wide NBS for 21OHD-CAH was implemented in the Czech Republic in 2006. Since then, 1,317,987 neonates were screened (2006-2017) and 21OHD-CAH was confirmed in 108 patients. Growth was evaluated as height-standard deviation score (SDS) at regular time-points, related to bone age and compared to recent population standards. In 88 patients, available data allowed long-term evaluation of growth, HC and fludrocortisone doses (in half-year intervals), with a median observation period of ten years. Body height in affected children was shorter between years 1-9 of life with a nadir at age 1-3 years. Their height did not differ from general population at the age 10-12 years. There were not found differences according to 21OHD-CAH severity. NBS is an effective secondary prevention tool for the early detection of 21OHD-CAH which improves growth patterns. A significant growth deceleration was observed during infancy and early childhood periods but with following height normalization. Growth pattern was not associated with the genotype of 21OHD, if patients have been detected by NBS.