Nutritional Status Of Children Research Articles

Relationship Between Eating Pattern, Home Sanitation and Parenting Mother with Stunting in Children Under Two Years in The Working Area of Puskesmas Puuwatu Kendari City

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems that adversely affects the quality of life of children in achieving optimal growth and development points according to their genetic potential. Stunting is more dangerous for baduta, because it is more likely to inhibit the growth process. The 2018 of Indonesia resistance increased to 36.4%. This research aims to determine the relationship between eating patterns, house sanitation, maternal parenting patterns and the nutritional status (stunting) of children under two years of age in the Puuwatu Health Center Working Area, Kendari City. This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted in March at the Posyandu Dian Palupi and Posyandu Membiri in Puuwatu Village. The sample used in this study was 58 baduta. The sampling technique is a random sampling, The data was analyzed using the chi square test. This study showed no significant relationship (p = 0.095) between diet and child nutritional status, no significant relationship (p = 0.265) between parenting and child nutritional status and no significant relationship (p = 0.620) between sanitation home with the nutritional status of children

Remedial effects of Formula-100 therapeutic milk and Bregas Nutriroll ready-to-use therapeutic food on Indonesian children with severe acute malnutrition: A randomized controlled trial study

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global health concern that affects children and leads to delayed growth. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of F100 milk and Bregas Nutriroll, a local ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF), on SAM children. An unmasked, non-blinded, two-group, and simple randomized controlled trial was conducted. Indonesian children aged 12–59 months with SAM were randomly assigned to receive either F100 milk or Bregas Nutriroll. After eight weeks, the increase in the mean weight gain in both groups was assessed. The Bregas Nutriroll group (n=19) had a mean weight gain of 1.07±0.09 kg, while the F100 group (n=17) had a mean weight gain of 1.05±0.11 kg. The Bregas Nutriroll group had a slightly higher gain of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) than the F100 group (0.62±0.34 cm vs 0.50±0.37 cm). The gain of children’s height of the Bregas Nutriroll group was 0.96±0.42 cm, while the F100 group was shorter at a mean of 0.81±0.44 cm. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in nutritional status were observed based on weight, MUAC, and height/length after F100 and Bregas Nutriroll interventions. The intervention with F100 increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels of 0.71±1.25 mg/dL, while the Bregas Nutriroll intervention led to an increase of 0.11±1.39 mg/dL. In conclusion, our study showed that community-based treatment with F100 milk or Bregas Nutriroll resulted in nutritional status in children with SAM. These findings suggested that both treatments could be effective in treating SAM in improving nutritional status and child health outcomes.

Exploring the Multifaceted Influences on Childhood Nutritional Status: A Study Conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan

Exploring the Multifaceted Influences on Childhood Nutritional Status: A Study Conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan

Implementation of School Nutrition Policies to Address Noncommunicable Diseases in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, account for over 80% of mortality in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in 2019, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are a major risk factor for NCDs in both countries. In 2021, national stakeholders, in consultation with the World Health Organization, identified school nutrition policies (SNPs) as a major approach to reducing the burden of NCDs in both countries. The SNPs included interventions implemented through a multistakeholder and multisectoral arrangement that aimed to improve the health and nutrition status of children and young people by providing healthy food/beverages and restricting unhealthy foods or beverages in schools. We used a multimethod approach of document review, participatory workshops, and key informant interviews to generate theories of change for the large-scale implementation of SNPs and describe the implementation processes to date, including key implementation and health system challenges, salient implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes in both countries. Multiple pathways for enacting and implementing SNPs successfully were identified. However, significant health system challenges, such as the lack of accountability for contracting and tender processes and coordination among different sectors, continue to hamper the large-scale implementation of these policies in both countries. The pathways, theories, and implementation outcomes identified will facilitate the development of implementation strategies and systematic learning and evaluation around SNPs for NCD prevention and control programs in the Central Asian region and other low- and middle-income countries more broadly.

Effectiveness of water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutritional interventions to reduce pathogenic infections and improve nutritional status in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutritional interventions to reduce pathogenic infections and improve nutritional status in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Pendidikan Ibu Dengan Status Gizi Balita Di Puskesmas Padang Garugur Kabupaten Padang Lawas Tahun 2024

The factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five are very substantial to be studied. This aims to find out what factors are related so that power action and efforts to improve nutrition can be taken in the community. Because health is a form of human right which is explicitly mandated by the 1945 Constitution. Education and time for mothers and the health of parents, especially mothers, are one of the causes of malnutrition in toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency. The research procedure was by measuring body weight, mothers of children under five were given a nutritional status questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-square test showed that from 45 samples. The majority of children's nutritional status is good (77.8%). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge and nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.001). There is a relationship between maternal education and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.005). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that knowledge, , education of mothers are related to the nutritional status of children under five. It is recommended that all mothers continue to seek information about children's health, especially the procedure for providing nutritious food to toddlers."

Nutritional parameters following first episode of pediatric acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) carries the risk of subsequent nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of these deficiencies following a single episode of AP in children is unknown. We aimed to determine prevalence of anthropometric and laboratory-based measures of nutritional status in children following their first (index) admission for AP. Prospective observational cohort study of patients ≤21 years of age with first episode of confirmed AP. Anthropometric and laboratory values were obtained at time of AP onset and at follow up time points of 3 and 12 months (m) post AP. AP attack was classified as either: mild, moderately severe or severe (which were combined in one group (SAP)). 181 patients met criteria and were followed prospectively with 52% male, a median age of 13.7 years (IQR 9.4-16.0) and median Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score of 0.6 (IQR -0.5, 1.6). Most patients had mild AP (140, 77%), with 23% meeting criteria for moderate or severe (41/181). 6 (3%) had diabetes mellitus (DM) predating AP and were excluded from further analysis. BMI Z-score remained stable during the follow up period. 13% of patients developed pre-DM or DM at 3m or 12m. Nearly one third of patients had low ferritin at 3m (29%) or 12m (29%). At 12m, 8% of patients had Vitamin A deficiency. 6% of patients had low Vitamin E levels at 3m and 5% at 12m. Over half of patients at both 3m and 12m had 25 OH Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (56% and 56%). Prolonged International Normalized Ratio (INR) (>1.3) was seen in 9% of patients at 12m. Very low albumin (<3.5g/dL) was found in 24% of patients at 3m and 18% at 12m (Table1). Patients with very low albumin at 3m were younger (median 10.7 vs. 14.2 years, p=0.04), however sex, BMI Z-score and AP severity were not associated with albumin level. Although BMI Z-score did not differ between the groups, those with SAP had a significant decrease in BMI Z-score from first attack compared to mild AP at 3m (-0.4 vs. 0.0, p=0.0002, Figure2). At 3m, Vitamin E deficiency in SAP versus mild AP was found in 20% vs 2% (p=0.04) and SAP had a lower median hematocrit (35.8 vs. 37.6, p=0.046). There were no other laboratory significant differences at 3m in mild versus SAP groups. At 12m, those with SAP were more likely to have pre-DM or DM compared to mild AP (31% vs. 7%, p=0.002). No other significant laboratory differences occurred at 12m. After the first AP attack patients experience nutritional deficiencies, including ferritin, all fat-soluble vitamins, and low albumin. SAP is associated with a decrease in BMI Z-score, increased prevalence of vitamin E deficiency at 3m, and an increase in pre-diabetes and diabetes at 12m. Serial monitoring of vitamin and mineral values post AP is warranted and further prospective studies are needed.

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG UNDER- FIVE CHILDREN OF HOUSEHOLD IN SLUM AREAS OF DISTRICT FAISALABAD

Malnutrition refers to a pathological condition characterized by a lack of nutrients necessary for healthy body function. Malnutrition is one of the most common causes of death and disease among children under the age of five. About 96% percent of children in Pakistan do not receive adequate nutrition during childhood, such as soft food, milk, fruit, and vegetables. Food insecurity is a serious problem in Pakistan as a significant portion of the rural population is food insecure. A staggering 36.9% of households in the country are &amp;#39;food insecure&amp;#39; and 18.3% are &amp;#39;severely&amp;#39; food insecure. Pakistan is self-sufficient in basic food items, but only 63.1% of households have food security. Food insecurity is common, leaving women and children at greater risk of malnutrition. Drought-affected communities have exceptionally high rates of malnutrition. According to statistics in Pakistan, about 40, 29%, and 18% of children under the age of five are a stunt, underweight, and wasted, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition status in children under 5 years of age in the slums of Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. The data is based on household demographic and socioeconomic factors, including anthropometric information on children under the age of five living in a slum in Faisalabad. Anthropometric data were obtained from 150 randomly selected children from three slum areas of Faisalabad. Socioeconomic and behavioural data were collected from each mother. Three indicators were used to measure the nutritional status of children: (i) stunting, height–for– age, (ii) wasting weight–for–height, and (iii) under-weight¸ weight–for–age. These values ​​were transformed into z-scores to classify the child&amp;#39;s nutritional status. Descriptive and logistic regression techniques were used to identify factors associated with children&amp;#39;s nutritional status. According to this study, the prevalence of stunting, being underweight, and wasting among children under five years of age in Faisalabad District, Pakistan were 28%, 22.6%, and 18% respectively. Testing with logistic regression techniques revealed that demographic, socio-economic, and behavioural factors were significant predictors of all three indicators of child nutritional status. These main factors were household calorie intake and maternal education, father education, access to clean water, and maternal access to health facilities.

Estimation of calories intake, iron, zinc, and selenium among children of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan.

Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphate (PO4) levels among school-going children (aged 13-17 years) of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan. Children from Mithi City, District Tharparkar, were selected for this cross-sectional investigation. Students from various schools from both genders who fulfilled the selection criteria were selected. A questionnaire was filled, and five ml blood samples were taken to analyze blood parameters. Each participant's estimated nutrient intake (ENI) per day was assessed and matched to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to determine their micro and macronutrient intake. A total of 300 school-going children [150(50%) boys (mean age 15± 0.8 years) and 150(50%) girls (mean age 14±1.3years)] were included in this study. Total calories (1449±949 Kcal vs. 1245±215 Kcal; p < .001), carbohydrates (138±27 gm vs. 126 ±25 gm; p < .001) protein (47±9.1 gm vs. 44±6 gm; p < .001) was significantly higher among boys compared to girls. In contrast, calcium (1094±105 mg vs. 1144±100; 0.004), phosphate 1050±125 vs. 1148±147; p<0.001), iron (9.2±1.7 mg vs. 10±1.3 mg; p<0.001), and Zinc (7.4±1.8 mg vs. 9.9±1.7 mg; p<0.001) intake was significantly higher among girls than boys. Gender-wise comparison of serum metals in school-going children showed that serum iron was significantly lower among girls than boys (100.86±25.65 μg/dl vs. 78.48±28.66 μg/dl; p<0.001), and no difference was found in serum Zn, Se, and Ca levels. Total proteins were also significantly lower among girls than boys (6.48±1.01g/dl vs. 4.87±1.4301g/dl; p<0.001). Serum iron, Ca, and total proteins were significantly lower among girls with normal ranges compared to boys with normal ranges. Total protein was significantly lower among girls below normal ranges than boys with normal ranges (p < .001). The correlation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with some serum biochemical parameters in school-going children showed that serum Fe was significantly linked with proteins (r = 0.255; p < .0.05). Our findings showed a concurrent shortage of macro and micronutrients. The current study also revealed that total energy intake was lower than the RDA and significant Fe, Zn, and Se deficiencies. The findings highlight the importance of measures aimed at improving children's nutritional status.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НУТРИТИВНОГО СТАТУСА ДЕТЕЙ С МУКОВИСЦИДОЗОМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА

Adequate nutritional status in a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) positively correlates with the normal function of the bronchopulmonary system. Many domestic and foreign studies have been conducted so far to assess the nutritional status of children and adults with CF. However, there is no data as yet on the phenotypic characteristics of children from different ethnic groups of the North Caucasus depending on their genotype. The purpose of this research was to study the peculiarities of nutritional status in children with CF of the following Russia’s North Caucasus ethnic groups: Chechen, Karachay-Circassian, Dagestani, Ingush and Ossetian-Alanian. Materials and methods used: a single-center open prospective study of 117 children with CF aged 2 months to 17 years old (Me 6 y/o) of various North Caucasus ethnic groups was conducted. All patients have undergone molecular diagnosis and assessment of both nutritional status and exocrine pancreatic function. Results: 50.4% of pediatric patients with CF in the Russia’s North Caucasus have had pathological mutations in c.1545_1546delTA, p.(Tyr515*) and c.3846G&gt;A, p.(Trp1282*) in homozygous state. These mutations were most often found in the Ingush (100%) and Chechen (82%) ethnic groups and somewhat less frequently in the Dagestani (57.1%) and Karachay-Circassian (54%) ethnic groups. In the Chechen and Ossetian-Alanian ethnic groups, when these mutations were detected, severe pancreatic insufficiency was established in 40.5% and 100% of cases, respectively. Pseudo-Bartter syndrome was diagnosed in 60% of cases with this genetic variant in a homozygous or compound heterozygous states during the patients’ first years of life. Indicators for the nutritional status of children with CF from different ethnic groups were significantly lower compared to those recorded officially in the 2021 Russian National Register of Patients with CF. Conclusion: it is necessary to study the course of CF and the state of nutritional status separately in each population and its connection with the identified genetic characteristics of the Russia’s North Caucasus ethnic groups. The genotype and phenotype patterns for these patients were the reason for the development of disorders of the exocrine function of the pancreas and pseudo-Bartter syndrome at an early age, which in its turn could lead to further development of nutritional deficiency.

Prognostics of multiple malaria episodes and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 59 months from 2013 to 2017 in Dangassa, Koulikoro region, Mali

BackgroundIn Africa, the relationship between childhood nutritional status and malaria remains complex and difficult to interpret. Understanding it is important in the improvement of malaria control strategies. This study aimed to assess the influence of nutritional status on the occurrence of multiple malaria episodes in children aged 6 to 59 months between 2013 and 2017 living in the village of Dangassa, Mali.MethodsA community-based longitudinal study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys (CSSs) at the beginning (June) and end (November) of the malaria transmission season associated with passive case detection (PCD) at the Dangassa Community Health Centre. Children with asymptomatic malaria infection during cross-sectional surveys were selected and their malaria episodes followed by PCD. Malaria indicators in person-months were estimated using an ordinal-logistic model repeated on subjects during follow-up periods.ResultsThe incidence rate (IR) during the period of high transmission (June to October), for 1 episode and for 2 + episodes peaked in 2013 with 65 children (IR = 95.73 per 1000 person-months) and 24 cases (IR = 35.35 per 1000 person-months), respectively. As expected, the risk of multiple episodes occurring during the period of high transmission was 3.23 compared to the period of low transmission after adjusting for other model parameters (95% CI [2.45–4.26], p = 0.000). Children with anaemia were at high risk of having multiple episodes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.12–2.30], p = 0.011). However, the risk of having 2 + episodes for anemic children was higher during the period of low transmission (RR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.15–2.42], p = 0.007) compared to the period of high transmission (RR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.09–2.29], p = 0.016). The trend indicated that anemic and underweight children were significantly associated with multiple malaria episodes during the period of low transmission (p < 0.001).ConclusionResults show that multiple episodes of malaria are significantly related to the nutritional status (anaemia and underweight) of the child during the two transmission seasons and more pronounced during the dry season (period of low transmission). Further research including other malnutrition parameters will be needed to confirm these findings.

Effect of maternal supplementation on nutritional status of children at aged 24 month in West Sumatra Province: A prospective cohort trial

Effect of maternal supplementation on nutritional status of children at aged 24 month in West Sumatra Province: A prospective cohort trial

Open Defecation, Livestock Ownership, and Child Nutritional Status in India.

South Asian children are among the most severely malnourished worldwide. One prominent hypothesis is that open defecation in the local area exposes children to human fecal pathogens that can cause diarrhea and malnutrition. Much of the existing research uses district-level measures of open defecation, which could mask important local-area variation. A second hypothesis is that animal fecal matter is a major source of exposure. This analysis tested these dual hypotheses using census data collected from 949 villages in Tamil Nadu, India, and a survey conducted in a random sample of 5,000 households in the same area. The final analytic sample consisted of 2,561 children aged 0-10 years. We estimated the association between the measures of village- and household-level open defecation, household livestock ownership, and child height-for-age Z-scores in a regression framework, controlling for potential confounders. Results revealed that village- and household-level open defecations are negatively associated with child height. There was an estimated difference of approximately 0.5 height-for-age Z-score between children living in villages with no open defecation and children in villages where all households practiced open defecation (P = 0.001) and a 0.2 Z-score difference between children living in households that practiced open defecation and those living in households that did not (P = 0.001). Livestock ownership was not associated with child height. Overall, the findings provide evidence on the centrality of open defecation in explaining persistent child malnutrition in India and the higher risk of exposure to human fecal pathogens compared with animal feces in the south Indian context.

A systematic review on research trends, datasets, algorithms, and frameworks of children’s nutritional status prediction

&lt;a name="_Hlk138773759"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The monitoring of children's nutritional status serves as a crucial tool for assessing the health of both children and society as a whole. In this regard, machine learning has been employed to predict nutritional status for monitoring purposes. This topic has been extensively discussed; however, the question remains as to which algorithm or machine learning framework can yield the highest accuracy in predicting the nutritional status of children within a specific region. Furthermore, determining the appropriate dataset for predictions is also crucial. Therefore, this review aims to identify and analyze the research trends, dataset characteristics, algorithms, and frameworks utilized in studies pertaining to the nutritional status of children under the age of five from 2017 to early 2022. The selected papers focus on the application of machine learning techniques in predicting nutritional status. The findings of this research reveal that the Bangladesh DHS 2014 dataset is among the popular choices for machine learning applications in this field. The most commonly employed algorithms include Neural Networks, Random Forests, Logistic Regression, and Decision Trees which demonstrated promising performance. Lastly, the data preprocessing stage within a framework plays a significant role in models aimed at predicting nutritional status.&lt;/span&gt;

Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal alterations in acutely ill malnourished Malawian children: A postmortem cohort study

ObjectivesTo describe and compare liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal histopathology by nutritional status in children who died following hospitalization for acute illness in Malawi. MethodsLiver tissue was collected using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling from eleven children under-five years old who died during hospitalization and were either non-wasted (n = 4), severely wasted (n = 4) or had edematous malnutrition (n = 3). Histology was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal ultrastructural features were characterized using electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF). ResultsHepatic steatosis was present in 50 % of non-wasted and severely wasted children and all children with edematous malnutrition. Edematous malnutrition was associated with 56 % and 45 % fewer mitochondria than severe wasting (p < 0.001) and no wasting (p = 0.006), respectively, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared to severe wasting (p = 0.002) and no wasting (p = 0.035). Peroxisomal abundance was reduced in edematous malnutrition compared to severe wasting (p = 0.005), but did not differ from no-wasting. ConclusionEdematous malnutrition is associated with reduced abundance and altered morphology of hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes. Interventions targeting improvements in hepatic metabolic function may be beneficial in improving metabolism and reducing mortality in children with severe malnutrition, particularly in those with nutritional edema.

Maternal misperception of under-five children weight status and associated factors: A cross-sectional study.

Maternal perceptions, about the nutritional status of their children, may have implications for timely health care seeking and feeding behaviour. Shreds of evidence are limited in this area that assessed maternal perception about the nutritional status of the children in the context of Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to assess the differences in mothers' perceptions about their children's nutritional status who are less than 5 years of age and their associated factors in the context of urban slum areas. A cross-sectional study (Quantitative approach) was conducted in two of the largest urban slums of Dhaka city. A total of 437 mother-children dyads were included in the final analysis. The outcome of interest was the mother's 'varied perceptions' regarding the nutritional status of their children under five. 'Varied perception' refers to the difference between a mother's subjective assessment of her child's nutritional condition and the anthropometrically measured nutritional status. The prevalence of mother's varied perceptions was around 46%, and among them, 37% of mothers underestimated and 9% overestimated their child's nutritional status. 'The child doesn't want to eat' (AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 2.34-5.85; p < 0.001) and 'Feels light when carried' (AOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.69-6.81; p = 0.001) were the significant reasons behind the mother's perception about the nutritional status of their under-five children. About one in two mothers' perceptions about their children varied from the anthropometry-derived status. Various research findings indicate that providing health education on proper feeding practices for children, along with anthropometric measurements, can assist mothers in enhancing their understanding and assessing their child's nutritional status with greater accuracy. Further qualitative research may be instrumental in getting deeper insights into maternal perception to develop context-specific interventions.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe and Very Severe Pneumonia in Infants

Background: Childhood pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that pneumonia is the cause of mortality of around 1.2 million children under 5 years per year. The high incidence of very severe pneumonia cases with preventable risk factors become the background of this study.Purpose: The aim of our study was to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of severe and very severe pneumonia in infants and children.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study were conducted from January 2017 to December 2018. We obtained clinical and demographic data of each patient based on medical records.The diagnosis of pneumonia was made clinically based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health criteria. Prematurity was defined as babies born with gestational age less than 37 weeks, low birth weight was defined as babies with birth weight less than 2500 grams. The nutritional status of children is clinically and anthropometrically evaluated using 2006 WHO curve of weight-by-age. Results: A total of 465 patients were diagnosed with pneumonia during 48 months study. 212 patients were excluded and 253 pneumonia patients met the inclusion criteria, 140 patients with very severe pneumonia and 113 patients with severe pneumonia. Among 253 patients, 141 were boys. 125 patients were 2-5 months of age. 71 patients were born with low birth weight and 62 patients had history of preterm birth. There were 86 patients receiving exclusive breastfeeding and 138 patients with complete immunization status. There were 131 patients with moderate and severe malnutrition, and 127 patients with comorbidity factors. 94 patients developed pneumonia with suspected bacterial causative agents.Conclusion: Lower age, prematurity, low birth weight, poor nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, comorbidities, and suspected bacterial causative agents are common characteristics of severe and very severe pneumonia in infants and children in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.

Anemia and associated factors among under-five children attending public Hospitals in Harari Regional State, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Childhood anemia is a significant global public health problem. It influences the physical and cognitive development, as well as immunity of affected children. This in turn leads to poor academic performance, low working potential, and increased morbidity and mortality. There is limited facility-based data on the magnitude and predictors of anemia among under-five children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among under-five children attending public Hospitals in Harari Regional State, eastern Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital from July 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022. A total of 330 under-five children were involved by systematic random sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and other possible factors were collected through face-to-face interviews with children's parents/legal guardians. Four milliliters of venous blood samples were collected for a complete blood cell count. Collected data were checked for completeness, entered into Epi-Data Statistical Software Version 4.6, and exported into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted and P < .05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of anemia was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.9%-37.9%). Age of children 6 to 11 months (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.55-10.01) and 12 to 23 months (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.15-7.43), no maternal education (AOR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.53-12.35), not exclusively breastfeeding (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.11-3.52), being severely stunted (AOR = 3.39, 95 CI: 1.70-6.75), and underweight (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.12-3.87) were significantly associated with anemia among under-five children. In this study, anemia among under-five children is a moderate public health problem. This study revealed that young child age, maternal education level, early initiation of complementary feeding, and child undernutrition were factors associated with anemia. Thus, efforts should be made to improve the child's nutritional status as well as enhance maternal awareness of nutrition and child-feeding practice through health education. Regular childhood nutritional screening and appropriate intervention for malnutrition are needed. Besides, further studies assessing serum micronutrient levels should be conducted to differentiate the specific cause and type of anemia.

The Effect of Childhood Nutritional Status Changes with Pre-Diabetes And Diabetes Risk among Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The first 1000 days of life and before the age of five years is a critical period of nutritional opportunity and vulnerabilitya. Only few have studies that trace individuals from childhood to adolescence examined the influence of childhood undernutrition on diabetes risk. This research was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) involving 373 adolescents at IFLS-5 (2014) that folllowed at IFLS-3 (2000) and at IFLS-2 (1997). The effect of childhood undernutrition on the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in adolescents was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 12.6% and diabetes was 15.0%. The risk factor for pre-diabetes is frequent consumption of fast food (aOR=4.38). Meanwhile, recovering from stunting was a protective factor in adolescents (aOR=0.05). Risk factors for diabetes were stunting (aOR=2.71), deteriorated nutritional status during childhood (aOR=3.85), experienced wasting during childhood (aOR=3.55), and frequent fast food consumption (aOR=3.11). Meanwhile, vegetable consumption was a protective factor of diabetes (aOR=0.37). In conclusion, this study showed that childhood undernutrition on the risk of diabetes. Improvement point is through nutrition programs in childhood and adolescence.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALNUTRITION OCCURRENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN KIHENDA VILLAGE HOIMA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALNUTRITION OCCURRENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN KIHENDA VILLAGE HOIMA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.