Identification Of Nutritional Status In Children Under Five Based On The Weight/Height Index With Screening Of Delivery Outcome History

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi malnutrisi pada anak balita secara global dan nasional masih tinggi. Secara nasional prevalensi stunting mencapai 30,79%, wasting 10,2%, underweight 17,7%, overweight 8,0% dan menurun ditahun 2022 menjadi 21,6% (stunting), 7,7% (wasting), 17,1% (underweight) dan 3,5% (overweight). Kasusnya ditemukan lebih banyak di kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung yaitu 25,1% (stunting), 9,4% (wasting), 20,6% (underweight). Angka ini masih jauh dari target Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) bidang kesehatan 2020-2024 dengan target 14% (stunting) dan 7% (wasting). Kabupaten Pesawaran menduduki posisi pertama dengan kasus wasting terbanyak.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan riwayat luaran persalinan yaitu usia kehamilan dan berat badan lahir dengan status gizi anak balita berdasarkan indeks Berat Badan/Tinggi Badan (BB/TB).Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Variable independen yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah riwayat luaran persalinan berupa usia kehamilan ibu dan berat badan lahir bayi dan variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah status gizi balita. Analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bivariate dengan uji chi square.Hasil Penelitian: Analisis bivariate menunjukan riwayat usia kehamilan dan riwayat Berat Badan Lahir terbukti secara statistik berhubungan dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/TB dengan nilai p masing-masing sebesar 0,001 dan 0,000.Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan riwayat usia kehamilan dan riwayat Berat Badan Lahir bayi dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/TB.Saran: Hasil ini dapat digunakan sebagai parameter preventif dalam upaya pencegahan malnutrisi pada balita. Keywords: Berat Badan Lahir, Gizi Kurang, Malnutrisi, Outcome Persalinan, Usia Kehamilan ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of malnutrition among children under five remains high globally and nationally. Nationally, rates of stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight are significant, with stunting at 30.79%, wasting at 10.2%, underweight at 17.7%, and overweight at 8.0%. Projections for 2022 indicate a decrease to 21.6% for stunting, 7.7% for wasting, 17.1% for underweight, and 3.5% for overweight.In Pesawaran district, Lampung Province, rates are notably higher, with 25.1% for stunting, 9.4% for wasting, and 20.6% for underweight children. These figures underscore a significant gap from the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) health targets of 14% for stunting and 7% for wasting. Pesawaran Regency specifically reports the highest incidence of wasting cases among these areas.Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between birth outcomes, specifically gestational age and birth weight, and the nutritional status of children under five based on the Body Weight/Height (BW/TB) index.Method: This research employs an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The independent variables investigated are maternal gestational age and infant birth weight, while the dependent variable is the nutritional status of toddlers. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was conducted for data analysis.Results: The bivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant relationships between both gestational age (p = 0.001) and birth weight (p = 0.000) with the nutritional status of toddlers based on the BB/TB index.Conclusion: There exists a significant association between gestational age and birth weight with the nutritional status of toddlers based on the BW/TB index.Suggestion: These findings suggest that these factors can serve as crucial indicators for preventive measures against malnutrition in toddlers. Keywords: Birth Weight, Wasting, Malnutrition, Birth Outcome, Gestational Age