Migrant Children Research Articles

Impact of migration on oral health outcomes of children in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Nanning, Southern China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of children’s migration on their oral health outcomes in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Jiangnan District, Nanning, China, and to provide a basis for improving the oral health of migrant children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 470 children aged 5 years in Jiangnan District, Nanning, Guangxi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on their demographic and socioeconomic background, migration experience, eating habits, oral hygiene behaviours and utilization of dental care services. Dental caries of primary teeth was examined using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index recommended by the World Health Organization. Dental caries experience and oral health-related behaviours were compared between migrant and resident children. The impact of children’s migration attributes on their oral health outcomes was examined by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAmong the examined children, 52.3% were migrant children. The prevalence of caries among the children in multi-beneficial kindergartens was 78.3%, and the mean number of dmft was 5.73 ± 5.00. The prevalence of caries was 81.7% for migrant children and 74.6% for resident children (p = 0.060). No significant difference was found in the mean numbers of DMFT between migrant children and resident children (5.96 ± 4.81 vs. 5.47 ± 5.20, p = 0.139). There were significant differences in the frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.023) and parental help with tooth brushing (p = 0.008), typical use of fluoride (p = 0.012), regular dental check-ups (p = 0.003) and experience of dental fillings for caries (p < 0.001) between migrant and resident children. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among the children with caries, the proportion of resident children who had regular dental check-ups was 1.720 times higher than that of migrant children (95% CI = 1.155 ~ 2.560), and resident children were more likely to have caries filled than migrant children (OR = 3.313, 95% CI = 1.585 ~ 6.927).ConclusionOral health status and oral health behaviours were poor among children in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Nanning, China, and migration might be a significant predictive indicator for the poor utilization of dental care services by children. The government departments should make special policy to promote the children’s oral health in multi-beneficial kindergartens, and invest more to cover the migrant children’s utilization of oral health services.

Study of the Household Registration System and Academic Performance of Migrant Workers' Children

China's household registration system is a dualistic system that links individual household registration to status, leading to constraints on residents' access to employment and education. It has resulted in inequality in the educational level performance of migrant workers' children. This paper attempts to study the academic performance of migrant workers' accompanying children in the city compared to urban household registration students using data from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS). The results show that students with rural household registration lag behind the academic performance of students with urban household registration. To avoid differences across cities, dummy variables were added and the results remained the same. Based on these findings, this paper makes recommendations such as reforming the household registration system and strengthening child protection policies.

Can I live with you after I retire? Retirement, old age support and internal migration in a developing country

AbstractThis study provides causal evidence on the impact of retirement on internal migration in a developing country. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, combined with a nationally representative sample of 228,855 older Chinese adults, we find that retirement leads to an increase in the probability of being a migrant by 12.9 percentage points (an 80% increase in migration). Approximately 38% of the total migration effects can be attributed to intertemporal shifts. The impact is more pronounced for the lower‐educated, those who have restricted access to health insurance and pension and those who come from origins with high accommodation costs. Relying on old age support from adult children in migration is a likely mechanism. Lifting migration restrictions and improving government‐provided benefits for retirees could be helpful to cope with population aging in a developing country.

Increasing the use of medical rehabilitation by children and adolescents with migrant background through a multimodal information campaign: protocol of a trend study and accompanying process evaluation (MiMi-Reha-Kids, DRKS00019090).

Chronic illnesses can have an unfavorable impact on the participation opportunities of children and adolescents. The German health care system offers medical rehabilitation in order to prevent negative effects, however, migrant children and adolescents make use of this option less frequently than their peers without a migrant background. A multimodal information campaign was developed to increase the use of medical rehabilitation by children and adolescents with a migrant background, and to reduce disparities in health care. The process evaluation will examine the implementation of a multimodal information campaign intended to increase the use of medical rehabilitation by migrant children and adolescents. The information campaign follows a low-threshold participatory approach. In a first step, persons from different migrant communities in Berlin and Hamburg are trained to become transcultural health mediators. These mediators then share their knowledge about chronic illnesses and medical rehabilitation with other families at information events held in their native language. The transcultural mediators also support migrant families in applying for medical rehabilitation. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested by a trend study with repeated cross-sectional surveys. For this purpose, all families in the project regions of Berlin and Hamburg whose child has received medical rehabilitation are surveyed annually in order to be able to map changes in the proportions of children and adolescents with a migrant background over the course of the project. The study protocol describes a complex intervention to increase the use of medical rehabilitation by migrant children and adolescents, and the accompanying process evaluation and trend study. The intervention is intended to contribute to reducing health inequalities in Germany. The study described in this protocol will provide extensive data on the multimodal information campaign and can thus help organizations and institutions adapt or further develop similar measures for other regions. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00019090).

A qualitative study on parental mediation of rural‐to‐urban migrant children's smartphone use in China: Concerns, strategies and challenges

AbstractThis study explores parental mediation of smartphone use by rural‐to‐urban migrant children in China. A total of 16 migrant parents participated in semi‐structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis is conducted to analyse the transcribed interviews. Findings indicate that migrant parents are highly concerned about the harmful impact of smartphone use on their children. Three parental mediation strategies mentioned in previous studies are confirmed, that is, restriction mediation, monitoring and active mediation, whereas a new mediation strategy, namely, activity substitution, is identified in this study. This study finds that the parents use a combination of different strategies for parental mediation. Furthermore, four themes identify the challenges in parental mediation: Lack of time, skills and helper for parenting and father's absence, inconsistency between parents' restrictive mediation and own overuse practices, the adverse effect of COVID‐19 and the need for professional help. Finally, implications for social work practice are discussed.

Cross-Sectional Study on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Using OHIP-14 in Migrants Children in Melilla (Spain).

Quality of life is a parameter that not only evaluates clinical parameters, but also refers to the perception of the individual in his or her sociocultural context. It also refers to psychosocial aspects that have a very important impact on people's lives. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) must also be considered when assessing oral health in any population for which an oral health program is to be developed. On this premise, and taking into account the precarious situation of refugee children housed in the Temporary Center for Migrants (CETI) in Melilla (Spain), a study was conducted to assess the oral health and OHRQoL of the children housed in the aforementioned facility. For this purpose, the 120 children in care at the time of the study underwent a basic epidemiological examination according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and their OHRQoL was assessed using the specific OHIP-14 questionnaire. The results show a state of oral health with a high caries prevalence (95%), high DMFT, and dft indices for the studied population. The oral health-related quality of life perceived by these children shows that pain and psychological discomfort are the areas rated worst by them. Thus, it is concluded that it is important to implement specific oral health programs for this population, based on caries prevention and pain management, which must also take into account the psychological and sociocultural aspects that have accompanied their lives.

How loneliness influences the city identity of Chinese migrant children: A moderated mediation model

This study explored the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of social class on the relationship between loneliness and migrant children’s city identity. The participants were 479 Chinese migrant children (females = 52%, mean age = 10.07 years, SD = 0.43 years) from Jiangsu Province. They completed a series of questionnaires, including the Children’s Loneliness Scale, the Resilience Scale, the Migrant Children’s City Identity Questionnaire and the Socioeconomic Status Index. Results from the moderated mediation analysis showed that Chinese migrant children self-reporting higher loneliness had a lower city identity. Resilience mediates the relationship between loneliness and city identity. Social class negatively moderates the influence of resilience on city identity. Compared to those with higher social class, migrant children with lower social class were more resilient in constructing their city identity. These findings might be helpful to social welfare programmes to support immigrant children in their city identity for better integration and adaptation.

School Management and Education Development for Chinese Migrant Children: The Mediating Role of Assistance and Affective Support

The educational development level of migrant children is affected by many factors, and it is practical to study it. Based on the current situation of migrant children study in China, this study explored the multiple mediating effects of educational support and moderating effect of the age on the level of educational development by policy environment. The study sample was composed of 541 Chinese migrant adolescents aged 9 to 17. They completed educational development questionnaire, educational support questionnaire and policy environment questionnaire. Mediating and moderating effects analysis were used to examine the role of educational support between policy environment and educational development. The results show that the educational development level of Chinese migrant children was relatively high. However, there were significant differences among different schools and ages. It was found that school management played most important role in the educational development of migrant children. Also, it was found that assistance support played a partial mediating role between school management and academic condition, and affective support played a partial mediating role between school management and social behavior, and age played a moderating role between school management and social behavior. School management for Chinese migrant children should be further strengthened. Assistance support and affective support for Chinese migrant children should be further improved. In addition, the management of migrant children aged from 14 to 17 should be the focus of attention. In this study, some suggestions are put forward to improve these influence factors of education development for Chinese migrant children.

Perilaku Menyimpang Anak Buruh Migran Indonesia di Desa Sidaharja Kabupaten Ciamis

Indonesian women migrant workers are women workers who work abroad, working in the domestic sphere such as domestic servants. The majority of working women are married and have a husband and children, mothers work to meet the economic needs of the family. In this condition there is a mathematical between the role of women as a mother and wife and as the backbone of the family. There are several obstacles that occur due to mothers working abroad and being away from families, especially children, namely deviant behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe the deviant behavior of the children of Indonesian migrant workers in Sidaharja Village, Lakbok District, Ciamis Regency. In this study using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of his research include 1) the causes of migrant workers' children having deviant behavior, namely internal factors a) children feel lonely and lack of affection, b) children feel less attention from the family, especially mothers and c) children feel inferior because mothers work as migrant workers while external factors namely the community perspective on migrant workers' children; and social environment. 2) The form of deviant behavior is skipping school to dropping out of school,; wandering until late at night; and smoking and refuting parents. 3) Strategies for implementing character education in the family, which are to instill the values and norms that apply; and apply good parenting. 4) Solution of deviant behavior, namely the family as an agent in implementing character education in children, schools as a facilitator for children to apply the value of character education; and community leaders function to improve social control in children.

Migrant background and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental healthcare consultations among children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide registry study

BackgroundDespite concern about migrant children’s mental health and their access to mental healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, this topic has attracted little research attention. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use primary and specialist healthcare services for mental health problems among children and adolescents with migrant background.MethodsUsing event study models, we investigated the impact of lockdown and subsequent COVID-19 infection control measures on children’s health service use for mental health problems according to migrant background. Drawing on reimbursement data from Norwegian public healthcare providers we observe consultations in a pre-pandemic (2017–2019) and pandemic cohort (2019–2021) in primary and specialised care.ResultsThe pre-pandemic cohort included 77 324 migrants, 78 406 descendants of migrants and 746 917 non-migrants and the pandemic cohort included 76 830 migrants, 88 331 descendants and 732 609 non-migrants (age 6–19). The full cohorts were observed for mental healthcare use in primary care while a subsample (age 6–16) was observed for health care use in specialist care. Lockdown resulted in a dip in consultation volumes for mental disorders for all children, but this dip was relatively larger and more persistent for children with migrant background. After lockdown, consultation volumes rose more for non-migrant children than for children with migrant background. Consultations in primary healthcare peaked during January to April 2021 for non-migrants and descendants of migrants, but not for migrants (4%, 95% CI -4 to 11). In specialist care during the same period, consultations dropped by 11% for migrants (95% CI -21 to -1).By October 2021, all mental health consultations in specialist care were up with 8% for non-migrants (95% CI 0 to 15), and down with -18% for migrants and -2% for descendants (95% CIs -31 to -5 and -14 to 10).Migrant males experienced the largest reduction in consultations.ConclusionsChanges in consultation volumes among children with migrant background after lockdown were not as pronounced as for non-migrants, and at times actually decreased. This suggests that an increase in barriers to care emerged during the pandemic for children with a migrant background.

EFL teacher agency in mediating the socialisation of multilingual learners

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers are seemingly ideally placed to mediate the successful socialisation of multilingual learners into the new school environment for two major reasons. Firstly, as they have effective command of both L1 and L2 and often have experience of living abroad, they tend to exhibit higher levels of openness to new situations, empathy and understanding of the difficulties faced by multilingual learners. Secondly, the English class can itself be a platform for mutual understanding where learners are able to develop both English communication skills and intercultural competence (cf. Hopp, Jakisch, Sturm, Becker &amp; Thoma 2020; Krulatz, Neokleous &amp; Dahl 2022). As English is the language of instruction, it also has the potential to maintain levels of multilingual competence among those learners who already speak English as their heritage language (Banasiak &amp; Olpińska-Szkiełko 2021), e.g. migrant children returning from the UK/Ireland. Drawing on data from a larger project (Rokita-Jaśkow, Wolanin, Król-Gierat &amp; Nosidlak 2022), which consisted of interviewing 23 primary school EFL teachers in various contexts, this paper analyses the possible factors that impact teacher agency in the socialisation of multilinguals. It has been found that teacher agency in that respect appears to stem from teachers’ plurilingual competence and prior teaching experience. Surprisingly, personal experiences of intercultural encounters (e.g. time spent living abroad) or verbalised empathy, had little impact on teacher agency. This finding implies that even language teachers find it difficult to put themselves in the position of the multilingual learner and need specialist training in order to work with multilingual learners, which may convey an important message for educational decision-makers with reference to the formulation of future teacher education guidelines and curricula.

Exploring Migrant Students’ Attitudes towards Their Multilingual Identities through Language Portraits

The increasing linguistic and cultural diversity in contemporary societies inevitably affects the field of education by challenging teachers to cope with the coexistence of different languages in the classroom. The present research was intended to investigate migrant children’s attitudes towards languages through language portraits in order to help educators obtain insights into student multilingual repertoires and experiences. To this end, by adopting a qualitative approach, the study used linguistic portraits and semi-structured interviews to collect the data. The participants of the study were 10 primary school children whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 with a migrant background who have been living in Greece, particularly on the island of Crete. Using the method of content analysis, the findings of the study indicated that migrant children made specific color choices based on flags, emotions, and world experience, and they put colors on parts of the body according to their functions, which signified students’ multilingual identities and experiences. Moreover, the findings highlighted multilingual students’ need to negotiate their multiple linguistic repertoires, make choices between the languages, prioritize them, rank them, or give priority to the second language, Greek, without, however, abandoning their first languages. The present study aspires to contribute to the relevant research and draws implications for the implementation of multilingual education and culturally sustaining pedagogies.

Racial Discrimination and Social Determinants of Health in Migrant Children: A Narrative Review

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) y discriminación en niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes a partir de la información disponible en la literatura científica. Método: Revisión narrativa de estudios primarios publicados entre el 2008 y 2021 en bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science. Se utilizaron los descriptores Psychological/Social Discrimination, Racism, Social Stigma, Social Determinants of Health, Public Health, Health Equity, Transients and Migrants, Refugees, Emigrants and Immigrants, Undocumented Immigrants, Child, Adolescent, Child, Preschool. Los operadores booleanos utilizados fueron AND y OR. Se incluyeron artículos observacionales (analíticos o descriptivos) que evaluaran la relación entre discriminación racial y DSS, publicados en ingles o español. La población de estudio fueron niños, niñas y adolescentes. La selección de artículos se realizó siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA. La calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada mediante las recomendaciones CASPe. Resultados: De un total de 1249 artículos identificados, 55 fueron incluidos. La mayor cantidad de artículos identificó el efecto de la relación entre discriminación racial y migración en ámbitos de salud mental negativa. Fue escasa la evidencia respecto de determinantes estructurales, sin embargo destaca la relación entre discriminación racial y el efecto moderador de la familia y la escuela. Conclusiones: Analizar la discriminación racial que perciben niños y niñas migrantes mediante un enfoque de DSS permite identificar áreas sensibles al desarrollo estrategias de reducción de inequidades en este grupo. Palabras claves: Discriminación, Racismo, Estigma Social, Determinantes Sociales de la Salud, Salud Pública, Equidad en Salud, Emigrantes e Inmigrantes, Niño, Adolescente, Preescolar.

Persistence of Emotional Distress in Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Adolescents Primarily From the Northern Triangle of Central America

In the US, unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children) are predominantly from Central America's Northern Triangle. While unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for psychiatric sequelae due to complex traumatic exposures, longitudinal investigations of psychiatric distress after resettlement are lacking. To identify factors associated with emotional distress and longitudinal changes in emotional distress among unaccompanied migrant children in the US. For this retrospective cohort study, the 15-item Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15) was administered between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, to unaccompanied migrant children as part of their medical care to detect emotional distress. Follow-up RHS-15 results were included if they were completed before February 29, 2020. Median follow-up interval was 203 days (IQR, 113-375 days). The study was conducted in a federally qualified health center that provides medical, mental health, and legal services. Unaccompanied migrant children who completed the initial RHS-15 were eligible for analysis. Data were analyzed from April 18, 2022, to April 23, 2023. Traumatic events before migration, during migration, during detention, and after resettlement in the US. Emotional distress, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as indicated by the RHS-15 (ie, score ≥12 on items 1-14 or ≥5 on item 15). In total, 176 unaccompanied migrant children completed an initial RHS-15. They were primarily from Central America's Northern Triangle (153 [86.9%]), were mostly male (126 [71.6%]), and had a mean (SD) age of 16.9 (2.1) years. Of the 176 unaccompanied migrant children, 101 (57.4%) had screen results above the positive cutoff. Girls were more likely to have positive screen results than boys (odds ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.15-5.34]; P = .02). Follow-up scores were available for 68 unaccompanied migrant children (38.6%). On the follow-up RHS-15, most scored above the positive cutoff (44 [64.7%]). Three-quarters of unaccompanied migrant children who scored above the positive cutoff initially continued to have positive scores at follow-up (30 of 40), and half of those with negative screen scores initially had positive scores at follow-up (14 of 28). Female vs male unaccompanied migrant children (unstandardized β = 5.14 [95% CI, 0.23-10.06]; P = .04) and initial total score (unstandardized β = 0.41 [95% CI, 0.18-0.64]; P = .001) were independently associated with increased follow-up RHS-15 total score. The findings suggest that unaccompanied migrant children are at high risk for emotional distress, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The persistence of emotional distress suggests that unaccompanied migrant children would benefit from ongoing psychosocial and material support after resettlement.

Experiences of Healthcare Providers Who Provide Emergency Care to Migrant Children Who Arriving in Spain by Small Boats (Patera): A Qualitative Study.

The phenomenon of migration from regions with more limited resources is a reality of the globalized world. It is estimated that at the end of 2019, almost 80 million migrants were displaced around the world, with 46% of them being children. Almost 20% of the irregular immigrants who arrived in Spain were child irregular migrants, who travelled alone or accompanied by family members after leaving their countries of origin seeking, to find a better future. Child irregular migrants have specific healthcare needs. The objectives of our present study were to describe and understand the experiences of healthcare providers in relation to the healthcare needs and the process of emergency care for child irregular migrants who come to Spain in small vessels. In this descriptive qualitative study, two focus groups were convened, and in-depth interviews with 21 participants were conducted, followed by inductive data analysis using ATLAS.ti 9.3 software. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) more vulnerable groups for whom the priority is emergency care; (2) the health and social care of child migrants; and (3) challenges and advances in the care of child migrants. For healthcare providers, protecting children, placing value on the family unit, and ensuring that children feel safe at all times are very important. Learning about the experiences of healthcare providers can contribute towards improving the health and social care of children in emergency care.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЖИТТЄВОЇ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИМУШЕНИХ ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНЦІВ ПІД ЧАС ОЗБРОЄНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ В УКРАЇНІ

The article provides theoretical analysis of the problem of the peculiarities of life prospects of forced migrants during the armed conflict in Ukraine. Critical situations, natural disasters, and armed conflicts usually have a negative impact on the psyche of those who are involved in these events. The impact of traumatic events extends not only to direct victims but also to a wide range of individuals. The consequences of traumatization affect their families, surroundings, rescuers, and other workers. The authors present their views on life planning, based on three components. Life perspective is opened for those who have already created a system of life relations and support that become more valuable. Achieving life goals helps to reach life limits and, in a certain sense, guarantees the future. The main components of life planning are awareness of goals, determination of ways to achieve them, and understanding the significance of their implementation. Life perspective is a dynamic phenomenon that depends on the constant changes and adjustments in a person’s plans and goals. A person’s life position and value system are formed as a result of this process and determine the individual’s future. Planning a life perspective involves setting goals, defining ways to achieve them, and understanding the significance of realizing life plans. It is a constant process that depends on changes and adjustments in plans and goals, as well as on the realization of one’s values and the formation of a life plan. Today, there is information about 4 million people in the Unified Information Database on Internally Displaced Persons. Of these, over 2 million are people who were displaced due to the imposition of martial law. And of those, 1.9 million were forcibly displaced for the first time. The article mentions six main problems faced by forced migrants. It is stated that problems with adaptation to new conditions limit access to basic social services such as healthcare and education. It is emphasized that it is important to carry out social programs and projects aimed at improving the socio-economic situation of forced migrants. It is noted that an important component of social support is providing information about available services and resources that can help in adapting to a new environment. At the same time, it is stated that it is necessary to provide the opportunity for learning the language and culture of the country they have resettled in. It is necessary to consider the gender aspect and provide equal opportunities for men and women in the process of adaptation and obtaining social and psychological support. It is also noted that attention should be paid to the problems that arise in children of forced migrants. Children may need additional psychological support and education. It’s important to raise awareness among the public about the problems faced by forced migrants. This can be done through media, social networks, cultural events and so on. Coping behavior – a set of conscious conflict resolution strategies to deal with internal tension and discomfort – is an important form of the adaptation process and personality response to stressful situations, in addition to psychological protection. At the same time, there is a “balanced temporal orientation”, which is an idealized cognitive structure that allows a person to flexibly switch between the past, present, and future depending on the demands of the situation, resource assessments, or personal and social evaluations.

Social justice and migrant children: Exploring the design and implementation of education policies for migrant children in China

AbstractDrawn from 14 educational policy documents and 26 interviews with educators of internal migrant children in China, this paper examines the design and implementation of educational policy for Chinese internal migrant children in the past three decades through the theoretical lens of social justice. Taking Guiyang city as the focus, this study demonstrates that educational policy and provision for migrant children are part of an evolving process impacted by interrelations between issues, such as the hukou system, (lack of) government funding and tensions between central and local governments. Although migrant children increasingly have access to improved opportunities, their outcomes remain poor relative to their peers from urban areas. New policies aiming to mitigate the disadvantages of migrant children are needed.

Refugee and migrant children’s views of integration and belonging in school in Ireland – and the role of micro- and meso-level interactions

ABSTRACT Schools are chief among the social institutions impacted by migrant flows as key sites of integration and support for migrant children. This article focuses on micro-and meso-level interactions and their importance to experiences of belonging and socio-educational integration for migrant children. It explores outcomes from qualitative research in Ireland conducted as part of a European research project investigating the socio-educational integration of refugee and migrant children in schools. The research uses participatory and co-creation methodologies, including a Children and Young People’s Research Advisory Group. Child-friendly and age-appropriate focus groups were conducted with migrant children. The content and focus of these were informed through discussion with and insights of the project’s Children and Young People’s Advisory Group. Findings of this study highlight a range of factors impacting on the students’ experiences of belonging and unbelonging in schools including, host language support, school environment and centrality of children’s relationships with teachers as well as concerns among children about experiences of bullying, racism and intolerance. The finding highlights the importance of allowing children to describe their lived experiences using participatory research methods as children can speak to their own realities which may not be as visible to adult observers of children’s social worlds.

Retraction Note: Evaluating and recognizing stressful periods and events of urban migrant children from microblog

Retraction Note: Evaluating and recognizing stressful periods and events of urban migrant children from microblog

Механизмы совладания (копинг-поведение) как формы адаптационных процессов у детей-мигрантов

Integration into a new society of migrant children is always associated with problems of self-realization. Coping strategies are one of the main predicates of getting out of stressful situations, adequate ways to respond to the impact of society. The choice of adequate coping strategies, as productive ways of coping in the structure of social and psychological adaptation, contributes to successful socialization, the achievement of social and psychological integration, and the preservation of one’s own “I”.