Mental Development Of Children Research Articles

Severity of malnutrition among underweight children and family-related factors: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).

Background and AimsMalnutrition is one of the key factors in children's inappropriate physical and mental development. It is a significant issue that results in the deaths of 3.5 million children under the age of 5 every year worldwide. This study's primary goal was to pinpoint important family‐related causes of underweight child malnutrition in Ethiopia.MethodsThe data were gathered from the Central Statistical Agency's 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and an ordinal logistic regression model after the sample was chosen using a stratified, two‐stage cluster sampling approach.ResultsOverall 6101 underweight children were involved in the study of which 5019 (82.27%) were severely underweight, 28 (0.46%) were moderately underweight and 1054 (17.28%) were mild. The result showed that, birth order (p < 0.001), partners education, (p < 0.001), partner occupation (p < 0.001) and type of place of residence (p < 0.001) were associated with child malnutrition and also child from poorest family (p = 0.01, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.745, CI: −0.534, −0.056), children from workless partner (p = 0.169 AOR:CI: 1.855, −0.262, 1.498), and female children (p < 0.001, AOR: 0.793, CI: −0.369, −0.093) were severely malnourished.Conclusionswealth index combined, sex, and region have statistically significant effect on Severity of malnutrition. Female children were highly malnourished. Children in Amhara, Afar, and Tigray region were highly affected by severe malnutrition relative to other regions. Hence, the government is recommended to impose action on child nutrition in the area as it is a public health issue.

Pre-School Religious Education In Turkey During The Change Process Of Religious Education Policies (Example Of Quran Courses For 4-6 Years)

Quran Courses for 4-6-year-olds aim to contribute to children's mental development by supporting their religious and moral development. From 1923 to 2014, when the Republic was founded, preschool religious education was not provided in Turkey. Since 2014, these courses, opened under the Directorate of Religious Affairs, have gained widespread popularity throughout the country. There seem to be difficulties opening ways to such a field of courses, such as a lack of qualified teachers, curriculums, and physical spaces. To address these issues, changes are being made to bring the curriculum up to date and upgrade and improve teacher qualifications; additionally, there are ongoing discussions about improving the quality of preschool religious education in tandem with the growing number of students following the general curriculum. By scanning studies on 4-6 Age Quran Courses, which have emerged as a new field in religious education in Turkey, this study aims to reveal the problems that arise in terms of how to establish such courses, the competence of the teachers, the appropriateness of their curriculum, and physical spaces. As a result of the research, it was seen that the teachers working in these schools had pedagogical deficiencies. There were shortcomings in the curriculum, and the text, activity books, and schools were structurally inadequate. In this context, proposals have been presented to increase the quality of these schools.

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among Under-five children attended at Bule Hora general hospital, West Guji zone, Oromia region, Southern Ethiopia

Anemia adversely affects the children mental, physical and social development, particularly in Africa. In the early stages of life, it leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive as well as growth and development of the children.

Family Support Situation and Educational Strategies for Primary School Children with Intellectual Disabilities Learning in Regular Class

This paper aims to verify the family support situation for primary school children with intellectual disabilities learning in regular class and to explore various educational strategies to promote their development. A self-made questionnaire was used in this survey, and the parents of 380 intellectual disabled students were the subjects of this survey. It turns out that the overall family support for intellectual disabled children learning in regular class in China is good, but it is affected by the degree of obstacles. Factors such as grade, gender, and parental education had no significant effect on family support. It is the shared responsibility of the government, schools, and parents to promote the level of family support. Governments at all levels must implement family support projects, schools must carry out family education guidance to impart scientific parenting knowledge, and parents must take note of their own responsibilities, so as to promote the physical and mental development of children with intellectual disabilities.

Relationship Analogy between Sleep Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a condition characterized by repetitive clenching or grinding teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible during sleep. Although SB is not considered a disorder in children, SB can be a potential physical and psychological hazard or consequence, and this study examines whether SB is a risk factor for TMD as it is in adults. A narrative review on the topic of inferring the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD in children was performed based on a search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 1999 and 2022. A total of 76 articles were included in this review. SB is very common in children, may be related to psychological distress or sleep breathing disorder, with a prevalence of up to 49%, and mainly occurs in the non-rapid eye movement stage in the sleep structure. SB may be one cause of TMD. The prevalence of TMD in children is 16–33%. Compared to the female-dominant TMD prevalence in adults, the sex-differences in TMD prevalence in children are less pronounced. However, TMD-related pain is more prevalent in girls than in boys. Given the complex etiology of each of SB and TMD in children, it can be inferred that the explanation of the relationship between the two conditions is very challenging. Ultimately, their relationship should be understood in the individual biopsychosocial model in the process of special physical growth and mental development of children. Moreover, appropriate clinical guidelines for a definitive diagnosis of SB and TMD in children and more research with a high scientific evidence level, which is comprehensive, considering physical, psychological, genetic, and social cultural factors, are required.

Associations of Maternal Urinary Arsenic Concentrations during Pregnancy with Infant and Child Mental, Psychomotor, and Cognitive Development: The HOME Study

Background and aims Arsenic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk for intellectual deficits in children, but limited data exists from prospective epidemiologic studies, particularly at low arsenic exposure levels. We investigated the association between prenatal urinary arsenic concentrations and childhood cognitive abilities in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Methods We used anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection to measure arsenic species content in pregnant women’s urine. The summation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) refers to ∑As. We longitudinally assessed children’s cognitive function (n = 260) longitudinally at 1, 2, and 3 years using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, at 5 years using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, and at 8 years using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Results We observed a modest decrease in mental development index and full-scale intelligence quotient at ages 3 and 5 years with each doubling of ∑As (median and IQR of 3.63 and 2.40-5.86 µg/L) with estimated score (ß) differences and 95% confidence interval (CI) of -1.8 from -4.1 to 0.5 and -2.5 from -5.1 to 0.0, respectively. This trend was stronger among children whose mothers had lower iAs methylation capacity and low urinary arsebonetaine concentrations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that exposure levels relevant to the general US population may adversely affect children’s cognitive abilities. Keywords arsenic; neurodevelopment; cognitive; Bayley Scale of Infant Development; Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; in utero exposure; Mental development index; Full scale intelligence quotient.

A Review on Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in India and Its Management.

Postpartum depression is the term used for depression that predominates in the postpartum period, which is increasingly seen in research and clinical practice up to 1 year after delivery. Other symptoms commonly seen in women with postpartum depression include mood swings or lability and excessive worry about the baby. In addition, postpartum depression is often associated with anxiety disorders or significant anxiety symptoms. Women with a history of psychiatric illness are prone to postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a crucial psychological health ailment that confers a vast degree of disability in females and is often associated with significant emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dangers in children. It is a disorder that is often unrecognized and undertreated. Postpartum depression is a critical issue to be addressed because it interferes with a woman’s self-care and parenting. It also affects a child’s mental growth and development. For these reasons, evaluation of risk factors is required to consider every facet of postpartum depression in women. This article reviews the associated risk factors and management of postpartum depression in India. Traditional studies for risk factors in postpartum depression have typically categorized women according to a particular stage of pregnancy that follows them into postpartum depression. Pregnancy-associated risk factors are estimated during pregnancy and are looked up for their predictive association with postpartum depression defined by clinical diagnostic methods or self-report assessment. Treatment options include psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. The risk of postpartum depression in fathers also follows maternal postpartum depression. Paternal depressive disorder is associated with adverse effects on child development. Early intervention for postpartum depression and anxiety may decrease the severity and recurrence of symptoms as well as the negative effects on the baby's health and development.

Developing an Intentionally Designed Physical Activity Model of Programming for Children’s Structured Recreation in Canada

Sport and education organizations have established models to ensure that coaches and teachers understand the physical, social, emotional and mental development of children. Such pathways of intentionally designed models fail to exist in the recreation sector where many physical activity (PA) programs are mainly developed based on convenience and instructor availability rather than on established credentials and current pedagogy practices. Addressing this gap, this paper explores the creation of an intentionally designed model of programming for children’s structured recreation, which is defined as sport or PA-based programs that are planned and led by an instructor. This proposed model is contextualized within the province of Alberta, but may be applicable across the nation. The authors further define “intentionally designed” as the development of purposeful programming with specific objectives that align with outside sources. One such source comes from the Canadian Parks and Recreation Association, who has created a Canadian Recreation Framework, an initiative to ultimately develop the well-being of all Canadians. The proposed, structured recreation model also incorporates several guiding principles including physical literacy and sport philosophy. Physical Literacy (PL) focuses on the lived body as the embodied dimension of our human experience, and how it can be enriched through various experiences that enable us to reach our full potential (Whitehead, 2007). It is about viewing the body holistically rather than separate from the entire being. By planning diverse PA in four environments, including land, water, air, and ice, the model also aligns with the sports sector and its philosophy of developing both fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills. Moreover, with allocated playing time, intentionally designed structured lesson plans, and one consistent leader in each activity, the model aims to increase the participants’ motor proficiency and levels of PA while building their confidence and competence across distinct exercises. The execution of the proposed recreation model involves a four-month program where participants rotate to a different PA environment each month and attend two classes per week, cumulating in 32 total classes. Management implications are discussed to determine how recreational professionals can achieve the intended outcomes of the model. Finally, further research is necessary to determine if this model can increase participants’ motor proficiency and positively influence physical activity behaviors in the recreation sector.

Traditional Games for Establishing Respect Attitude

The purpose of this study was to determine the formation of student respect through traditional games. The research method used is an experimental research design using a one group pretest-posttest design. The instrument used to collect research data is to use a questionnaire. The population in the study were all students of class V-A SDN Cipagalo 01, with the sampling technique using total sampling, the sample in this study was the entire population with a total of 25 students. After doing the treatment and collecting data, the results of the study showed that the average value of students' respect attitude between the initial test and the final test there was a significant difference after learning through traditional games. From the results of the t-test analysis, it was also found that the t-count significance value of 12.53 was greater than the t-table 1.71 (12.53&gt;1.71), which means that it can be said that through traditional games the attitude of respect for students can be more formed. The conclusion is that traditional games have a significant influence on the formation of respect for students in grades V-A at SDN Cipagalo 01. Now is the time when we must be able to preserve traditional games, it is appropriate as educators to introduce children to traditional games even though in the current age of globalization, especially from an early age, child development is very much needed for the sake of children's physical and mental development. the role of parents to accompany their children is very important for the future of a child.

Discussion on the Value of Integration Traditional Culture Into Kindergarten Curriculum ---Take Wuhu Iron Painting Technology as an Example

Traditional culture is the overall expression of various ideological, cultural and conceptual forms formed in the historical development of our country. Traditional culture breeds the precious spiritual character of the Chinese nation and has very important educational value. Integrating traditional culture into kindergarten curriculum can promote the development of children's character and sociality. Iron painting is a folk craft with a long history in China. Integrating iron painting technology into kindergarten curriculum is an effective way to inherit Chinese excellent culture, an inevitable requirement to promote children's physical and mental development, and a feasible path to promote kindergarten curriculum construction. At the same time, it is feasible to integrate traditional culture into kindergarten curriculum. On the one hand, the research on traditional culture has accumulated some early achievements, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of kindergarten based curriculum; On the other hand, kindergartens can develop game materials of iron painting technology, which reduces the operation difficulty of iron painting technology. It is suggested that kindergartens establish curriculum concepts around children's development and promote the construction of teachers of traditional culture.

Neuropsychological Means of Developing Emotional Intelligence in Children

The article analyzes the age and neuropsychological features and means of developing the child's emotional intelligence based on foreign and domestic experiences. An attempt is made to generalize the definition of emotional intelligence in the scientific literature. A neuropsychological approach to studying the relationship between a child's emotional development and emotional and rational brain has been implemented. The vital role of social and emotional learning of students (SEL) on their academic success and personal growth in the research of modern foreign researchers is emphasized. In the organization of emotional development of the child's personality, a complex combination of the principle of systematics is recommended, taking into account the social nature of the psyche with the principle of biological (brain) organization of emotional phenomena. The psychological characteristics of the emotional and personal sphere of the child and some emotional disorders in the context of neuropsychology are analyzed. The essence of the interaction of biological and social factors in the development of mental functions of emotions taking into account their subcortical-cortical brain mechanisms is revealed. The program on developing the child's emotional intelligence with the indication of actual conditions of its realization is developed. The success of the development of emotional intelligence in children with reliance on art-therapeutic methods has been noted. It is recommended to use neuropsychological technologies for the child's mental development, focusing on the doctrine of the three functional blocks of the brain and solid mental activity to form new neural connections. The necessity of neuropsychological support of left-handed children is argued.

Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini

This research was conducted to analyze the cognitive and physical motor development of children through the direct instruction learning process. Direct Instruction is a learning process that is carried out directly which aims to achieve learning objectives. Direct Instruction can also improve children's cognitive and motor skills. This cognitive aspect is related to children's intelligence. Meanwhile, physical motor skills are related to the physical and mental development of children. This research is a qualitative research using Direct Instruction learning experiment. In this study, there are various research instruments, including experimental instruments, questionnaires, interview observations and tests. (Sugiyono, 2018). So, in this proposal, we will discuss how children's cognitive development and children's physical motor skills will develop, whether children's cognitive and physical motor skills will develop if there is a Direct Instruction learning experiment. The results of the research that can be obtained from the researcher are that the cognitive and physical motor skills of children can be improved from this Direct Instruction learning process. Not only that, Direct Instruction learning can also train children's mental and self-confidence. &#x0D; Keywords : Direct early childhood teaching, cognitive, physical, motor and learning

Primary school teachers’ and students’ views about robotic coding course

Coding, which is among the 21st century skills, has been included in the curriculum of many countries in recent years from preschool to high school. Primary school teachers are very important in the teaching of coding. In this context, this study aims to reveal the coding education that primary school students receive and the contribution of this course to them from the perspective of classroom teachers and primary school students. In this study, the qualitative method and phenomenological design were used in the study. The study group consists of 8 classroom teachers and 16 primary school students in the city center of Amasya. Easily accessible sampling was used to constitute the study group. In order to obtain the data, a quasi-structured interview form consisting of six questions for teachers and one question for students was prepared. Nvivo 9 program was used to analyze the data. Content analysis has been done as previously created code and themes are used. According to the results of the research, Robotics and Coding course contributes to children's mental development and metacognitive skills such as creative and reflective thinking and improves their problem-solving skills. In addition, it was concluded that Robotics and Coding course should be given to students at an early age, so it should be included in primary school programs.

Influence of Aerobic Exercise Load Intensity on Children's Mental Health.

As people have become more aware in recent years, aerobic physical exercise plays an important role in alleviating people's mental health problems. However, traditionally, it is believed that young children do not have mental health problems. To help people change this fixed idea, and to study how to correctly adjust the load intensity of aerobic physical exercise under the condition of limited physical fitness of young children, and accurately help children's mental health development, this paper studies the influence of aerobic physical exercise load intensity on children's mental health. In this paper, the detection and tracking technology of video moving objects is used to analyze the data of the research object. This technique includes several commonly used and improved video analysis algorithms. The use of moving target and tracking technology and algorithms can completely extract moving targets, eliminate the phenomenon of void and nothingness, and improve data acquisition and analysis capabilities. The results show that taking part in aerobic exercise with appropriate intensity is beneficial to regulating children's emotional state, reducing their psychological burden, enhancing their negative energy resistance, and arousing their positive participation. Compared with before aerobic exercise, the learning efficiency was improved by 6.36%.

Research on Infant Health Diagnosis and Intelligence Development Based on Machine Learning and Health Information Statistics.

Intelligent health diagnosis for young children aims at maintaining and promoting the healthy development of young children, aiming to make young children have a healthy state and provide a better future for their physical and mental health development. The biological basis of intelligence is the structure and function of human brain and the key to improve the intelligence level of infants is to improve the quality of brain development, especially the early development of brain. Based on machine learning and health information statistics, this paper studies the development of infant health diagnosis and intelligence, physical and mental health. Pre-process the sample data, and use the filtering method based on machine learning and health information statistics for feature screening. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning and health information statistical methods can better obtain the hidden information in the big data of children's physical and mental health development, and have better learning ability and generalization ability. The machine learning theory is used to analyze and mine the infant's health diagnosis and intelligence development, establish a health state model, and intuitively show people the health status of their infant's physical and mental health development by means of data. Moreover, the accumulation of these big data is very important in the field of medical and health research driven by big data.

Attitude Toward Disorder as Risk Factor for Psycho-Emotional Disturbances in Children with Dysphasia

IntroductionDysphasia is widespread among children. Awareness of speech difficulties and emotional attitude toward them may influence different aspects of mental activity. The issue is important for development assessment and discussion on potential risk factors causing other mental disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze how children with dysphasia perceive their speech defect and how it influences their behaviour.Methods15 children with dysphasia aged 5 years (6 boys, 9 girls) participated in the study. The following methods were used: not included and included observation in a speech therapy group for 6 months, semi-structured interview with educators.ResultsObservation and interviews enabled to discover two groups featuring different attitudes. 1) The first group (n=12) included children who ignored their speech difficulties. Behavioral and speech activity was confident and spontaneous. Children demonstrated difficulties in planning and regulation of activity, low level of self-criticism. In failure situations, children demonstrated egocentrism, emotional rigidity and experienced difficulties in emotional regulation during assessment. 2) The second group (n=3) experienced high anxiety in communicative situations and estrangement caused by hypersensitivity to speech difficulties. Children preferred to use nonverbal communication and reduce speech initiative due to difficulties in verbal self-expression. Emotional specifics were characterized by recurrent ambivalence in the independent activity. Structured situations, such as assessment, actualized active self-control, which sometimes led to communicative difficulties and stupor.ConclusionsResults demonstrate various attitudes to speech difficulties in children with dysphasia. Behavioral, emotional and personal features are rich material for discussion on risks in mental development of children with speech disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Somatisation as a manifestation of emotional disturbance in children

Somatisation is a phenomenon consisting in signalling complaints originating “from the body” (pain, discomfort, disturbances of physiological functions), whose cause is not explained on the basis of physical examination and additional examinations, and whose basis is usually an unconscious emotional factor. The most common somatic manifestations of negative emotions include abdominal pain, headache, palpitations or stabbing sensation in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, cough, squeezing sensation in the throat, numbness of limbs, as well as diarrhoea, vomiting or fainting. Although the described type of disorder occurs particularly often in people burdened with other mental problems, such as anxiety, depression or personality disorders, nowadays it is observed more and more often in children not showing any psychogenic abnormalities so far. A significant influence on the development of such symptoms has the environment of upbringing, from which the developing person draws behavioural patterns. In addition, the entire general social context with all its conditions, both positive and negative, is important. In the case of children, due to the lack of possibility of regular and constructive self-observation, developed abstract thinking and conscious, consistent verbalisation of inner experiences by the patient, the process of diagnosis and therapy of such disorders often requires diagnostic hospitalisation, multi-specialist consultations, long-term treatment in the outpatient mode, as well as at least partial modification of environmental relations, including the educational process. The fundamental issue remains the protection of mental health in the form of preventive measures aimed at creating existential conditions that have a positive impact on the mental development of children, which is particularly true of relations between generations.

Visual Impact of Color on Children's Excitement Development, Making Exterior Wall Mural at Taruna Bakti Kindergarten Bandung

This Mural Painting Community Service was carried out in collaboration with the Bandung Taruna Bakti Kindergarten School with Fine Arts Study Program, Maranatha Women's Family Association, and Spectrum Wall Paint Industry as a material sponsor. The purpose of this mural creation activity is to bring the colorful space closer to the children's play area during breaks so that it have a positive impact on the children mental development. Children at the golden age of 0-8 years old have a rapid growth in cognitive, motoric and psychosocial aspects. The results of the study stated that children who received color stimulation continuously at the age of golden age would grow up to be strong individuals in facing various challenges and problems of life. The method used in this community service was to sketch the stylized forms of flora and fauna directly onto the wall like graffiti painting by using permanent black graffiti spray paint. Furthermore, the sketches of flora and fauna stylized forms are filled with striking colors, various textures according to their respective creativity with tinting technology wall paint media that is resistant to weather. The success of this activity is expected to be a driving force for adults to care for the kindergartens at their early childhood, so the next generation would have higher quality in the future.

PENDIDIKAN GIZI GEMAR MAKAN IKAN ANAK USIA 12-15 TAHUN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI DESA ALUE AMBANG KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA

Stunting is a chronic condition that describes stunted growth due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hamper the physical and mental development of children. One way to prevent stunting can be done through increasing the amount of fish consumption. The purpose of this activity is to introduce the benefits of consuming fish to children aged 12-15 years. The stages used in this activity are giving a pre-test, socializing the benefits of consuming fish and giving a post-test. The achievement of this activity is that before the campaign it was known that the level of good knowledge of children was 50% good and 50% less. Meanwhile, after the campaign there was a change in the level of children's knowledge increased by 100% which was good and 0% which was less. So it can be concluded that the campaign for eating fish has a significant effect on the level of knowledge of children.

Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications.

Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.