Life Satisfaction In Children Research Articles

Feeling adequately heard by Adults, perceived safety and Children’s life Satisfaction: A multinational comparison of individualist and collectivist cultures across 18 countries

Feeling adequately heard by adults is a crucial factor in children's life satisfaction. Despite this, few studies have explored the underlying processes from an international perspective. The current study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of perceived safety and the moderating effect of collectivism. Using data from 22,688 children in 18 countries, the study found a positive association between being adequately heard by adults and children's life satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship was mediated by perceived safety. The study also revealed that the impact of being adequately heard by adults on perceived safety and children's life satisfaction was moderated by collectivism. The findings of this study have significant theoretical and practical implications for improving children's life satisfaction.

Family Resilience and Children's Subjective Well-Being: A Two-Wave Study.

According to the Theory of Change, the resilience of the family unit plays a crucial role in shaping the developmental trajectory of children. Families exhibiting higher levels of family resilience are typically characterized by transparent and effective communication, optimistic outlooks on adversity, adept problem-solving skills, strong spiritual beliefs, and effective management of social and financial resources. While existing research has indicated that parental and familial characteristics can predict diverse outcomes for children, investigations concerning the association between family resilience and children's subjective well-being remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether different dimensions of family resilience can predict changes in children's subjective well-being, tested one year later. The sample includes 762 child-mother-father triads (intact families). Children aged 9-13 years (48% boys, age = 11.04, SD = 1.16) assessed their life satisfaction, positive and negative affect in two study waves, while mothers and fathers assessed family resilience in the first wave. A dyadic data common fate model was employed to create latent variables representing family resilience. Three latent variables were: family problem-solving, family spirituality, and utilization of social and economic resources. Findings from the structural equation model indicated a positive association between higher levels of family problem-solving and increased children's life satisfaction, alongside a negative relationship between higher family spirituality and negative affect. Parental assessments of social and economic resources utilization were not uniquely related to children's life satisfaction, positive, or negative affect.

Do age, gender, and subjective health-related factors influence health-related life satisfaction in people with disabilities who are physically active?: a secondary analysis.

This study explored the factors influencing the health-related life satisfaction of people with disabilities who engaged in physical activity, by age and gender. A secondary analysis was conducted of the 2020 Third Disability and Life Dynamics Panel (2021). The participants were 2,796 people who performed regular physical activity at least once a week. The variables selected were disability-related factors (degree of disability, multiple disabilities, and type of disability), sociodemographic factors (age, gender, living alone, and mean monthly family income), and health-related factors (amount of physical activity, self-esteem, depression, chronic disease, subjective health, and health-related life satisfaction). Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the t-test, two-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. In total, 58.0% of participants were male, and 42.0% were female. For age groups, 14.4% were children/adolescents (0-19 years), 42.6% were adults (20-59 years), and 43.0% were seniors (≥60 years). The mean score for health-related life satisfaction was 5.0±2.15 out of 10. Adults and seniors whose level of physical activity met or exceeded recommendations had higher subjective health. Moreover, men had better subjective health than women in seniors. Health-related life satisfaction was higher among those who had higher self-esteem, were not depressed, did not have chronic diseases, and had better subjective health. Gender significantly influenced health-related life satisfaction in children/ adolescents and seniors. Disability-related factors were significant in adults, and health-related factors were significant in all age groups. Therefore, these factors should be considered when designing interventions to promote subjective health and health-related life satisfaction of people with disabilities.

High doses of a national preschool program are associated with the long-term mitigation of adverse outcomes in cognitive development and life satisfaction among children who experience early stunting: a multi-site longitudinal study in Vietnam.

Stunting (low height-for-age) is a marker of cumulative developmental disadvantage that can also contribute to impaired cognitive development and poor psychological wellbeing. Several interventions designed to preserve stunted children's developmental potential through increasing their cognitive stimulation have proven to be effective. However, their resource-intensive nature limits their sustainability and scalability in the low-and middle-income countries in which 98% of stunted children live. The current study had three aims: to identify the domains of developmental disadvantage associated with stunting at 5 years of age in the Vietnamese context; to examine the relationship between Vietnamese children's stunting status at 5 years of age, the dose of the national preschool program they received, and their cognitive skills and psychological well-being at 4 ages; and to determine whether some doses of the national preschool program were associated with the mitigation of adverse cognitive and wellbeing outcomes among stunted children. The Young Lives Study in Vietnam (n = 2,000; 31 sites) provided archival data that allowed calculation of the approximate dose (in hours) of the preschool program received by children, and longitudinal data on children's growth (1, 5, 8, 12, and 15 years), receptive vocabulary (5, 8, 12 and 15 years), reading skills, mathematics skills and life satisfaction (each at 8, 12, and 15 years). Stunting at 5 years of age was associated with diverse aspects of financial and social disadvantage, greater exposure to health risks, lower preventive health care, and constraints on maternal care. Scores for all cognitive variables at all ages were positively associated with preschool dose and negatively associated with stunted growth at 5 years of age. That is, effects associated with stunting and preschool dose at 5 years of age continued to be found during the subsequent 10 years. High doses of preschool education (3,000 h or more) were associated with the mitigation of adverse outcomes for most cognitive variables at most ages. The current findings raise the possibility that generic preschool programs delivered at high dose may provide a scalable and sustainable intervention to support the life opportunities of children who experience early stunting.

Effects of School Adjustment on Children's Life Satisfaction: The mediating effect of self-esteem

Effects of School Adjustment on Children's Life Satisfaction: The mediating effect of self-esteem

Effect of a mental health education intervention on children's life satisfaction and self-confidence in rural China.

Children living in rural areas may potentially experience low levels of life satisfaction and face challenges in developing self-confidence. The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of a mental health education intervention on the life satisfaction and self-confidence of children residing in rural areas of China. A total of 1,001 children from grades 4 to 6 were randomly assigned to an intervention group (475 children, 250 boys, M = 11.57 years, SD = 1.082 years) and a control group (526 children, 279 boys, M = 11.38 years, SD = 0.980 years). Over 16 weeks, the intervention group received a mental health education program, while the control group did not. The levels of life satisfaction (including five dimensions: family, school, environmental, friends, and self-satisfaction) and self-confidence (including three dimensions: self-efficacy, self-assurance, and self-competence) were rated by all children at baseline and post-intervention. Results from paired samples t-test showed that post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in the areas of family, environmental, school, and self-satisfaction as well as self-efficacy, self-assurance, and self-competence. However, there was no significant improvement in friend satisfaction. Conversely, the control group showed decreases in school, environmental, and friend satisfaction, along with decreases in self-efficacy, self-assurance, and self-competence. No significant change was observed in family and self-satisfaction in this group. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing mental health education interventions for rural children, who are at risk for low life satisfaction and self-confidence. Some specific recommendations are provided for policymakers and practitioners.

부모의 성취압력이 아동 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives The primary objective of this research is to investigate the potential moderated mediating effect of grit in the relationship between parental achievement pressure, children's academic stress, and life satisfaction.
 Methods In pursuit of this aim, the research employed the data from the 11th wave (2018) of the Korean Children Panel Study conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE), with a sample size of N=1,262. To ascertain the relationships between the main variables, preliminary descriptive statistics and Pearson correla-tion coefficients were examined. Mediation effects and moderated mediation effects were tested using the Process Macro programs 1, 4, and 7.
 Results Firstly, the direct effect of parental achievement pressure on children's life satisfaction was found to be non-significant. However, a significant indirect effect was observed, mediated by children's academic stress, in-dicating an indirect influence on life satisfaction. Secondly, children's grit was identified as a significant moderator, mitigating the impact of parental achievement pressure on children's stress and exerting a positive influence on their life satisfaction. Specifically, higher levels of children's grit were associated with a diminished conditional in-direct effect of parental achievement pressure on children's stress, ultimately leading to elevated levels of child-ren's life satisfaction.
 Conclusions To mitigate children's academic stress and enhance their life satisfaction, it is imperative to mitigate parental achievement pressure and foster children's grit.

Adaptation of the Satisfaction With Life Scale – Children (SWLS-C) for Children and Adolescents: Indonesian Version

The Satisfaction With Life Scale-Children (SWLS-C) is a self-report instrument measuring the life satisfaction of children and early adolescents aged 9–14. The present study introduced the adaptation and psychometric findings of the Indonesian version of SWLS-C. The six steps of the International Test Commission were used as guidelines for adaptation processes. Three hundred and twelve participants were recruited (63.1% girls; M = 12.52, SD = 1.54). This study assessed SWLS-C’s reliability using internal consistency, construct validity using CFA, and concurrent validity by correlating the scores with established instruments GSES, PANAS, and K-6. The findings show that the Indonesian version of SWLS-C has good reliability and construct validity. In addition, the Indonesian version of the SWLS-C showed positive correlations with self-efficacy and positive affect. The scale correlate negatively with negative affect and psychological distress. In conclusion, SWLS-C is a reliable and valid measure of life satisfaction in Indonesian children and adolescents.

Factors Affecting the Life Satisfaction of School-Aged Children with Vietnamese Immigrant Mothers in Korea.

Low life satisfaction among multicultural children is an important issue related to children's mental health in Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the life satisfaction of children whose Vietnamese mothers migrated to Korea for marriage. Data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) in 2020 were used. The participants were 586 elementary school students. The mean age was 11.01 years (SD 0.19), and 52.0% were girls. Based on Engel's biopsychosocial (BPS) model, biological factors (gender, physical health, and body mass index), psychological factors (mental health, acculturative stress, self-esteem, and general stress), and sociocultural factors (family economic status, social support, and parenting style) were measured and analyzed by using hierarchical multiple regression. In the final model, self-esteem (β = 0.399, p < 0.001), parental social support (β = 0.184, p < 0.001), and neglectful parenting style (β = 0.085, p = 0.031) were positively related to children's life satisfaction, whereas general stress (β = -0.213, p < 0.001) and acculturative stress (β = -0.104, p = 0.002) were negatively related. The overall explanatory power was 41.7%. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a specialized program that focuses on strengthening the bonds between parents and their children to enhance family functioning for multicultural families.

Digital technology use and preoccupation with digital technology as predictors of life satisfaction in children

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to investigate metric characteristics of the digital technology preoccupation scale and the possibility of predicting life satisfaction in children from 8 to 13 years, based on time spent using digital technology and preoccupation with digital technology.MethodParticipants are 1072 children aged 8 to 13 years and their parents who agreed to participate in the study. Using pen and paper questionnaires, children provided data on their life satisfaction and preoccupation with digital technology (DT), and their parents assessed the average time children used DT during a typical day in a week or during the weekend.ResultsDigital technology preoccupation scale showed good metric characteristics with all five items loading on one factor and good reliability. Boys and older children show more preoccupation with digital technology and lower life satisfaction. Also, boys use DT during the weekend longer than girls. After controlling for the effect of age and gender, and duration of DT use, preoccupation with digital technology explained 3% of the variance of life satisfaction. The total model explained 9% of variance.ConclusionFindings from this study show that preoccupation with digital technology is an important factor to be considered concerning children's life satisfaction, beyond the contribution of time spent using DT.

Subjective well-being of Thai pre-teen children: Individual, family, and school determinants

Children's subjective well-being is crucial for ensuring decent child development. At present, evidence about children's subjective well-being is limited, particularly regarding insights from developing countries. This study aimed to assess overall life satisfaction, multi-dimensional life satisfaction of Thai pre-teens, and factors associated with the children's overall life satisfaction. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 2277 children in grade 4 to 6 at 50 public primary schools from nine provinces across all regions of Thailand. The data collection took place between September and December 2020. The children were satisfied with their overall life to a considerable degree (8.5 out of 10). Girls had higher life satisfaction and satisfaction with multiple life domains (except for “autonomy”) than boys. Compared with older children, younger children had higher overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with multiple life domains except for “autonomy”, “yourself” and “friends”. The children's overall life satisfaction was increased in proportion to satisfaction with family, friends, oneself, physical appearance, health, teacher, school activity, and autonomy. Concerning individual factors, their social skills and time spent on gardening (≥1 h/day) and active recreational activities (1–3 h/day) had positive influence upon their overall life satisfaction, while too much time on screen (>1 h/day) and music (>3 h/day) had negative results. In terms of family factors, children having fathers owning a shop/business had higher life satisfaction than children having fathers who were manual workers, while children who lost their fathers had lower life satisfaction. For school factors, school connectedness had a positive relationship with their overall life satisfaction. Children's subjective well-being promotion should include family-based and school-based interventions to improve children's time use (e.g., more active outdoor lifestyle and less sedentary lifestyle), self-esteem, health, autonomy, and school connectedness.

Life satisfaction and Early Maladaptive Schemas in children in residential care

Life satisfaction&nbsp;is the degree to which a person positively evaluates the overall quality of life. The aim of the present study is to illustrate the levels of life satisfaction both in total and per domain and to investigate the relationship of EMS and EMS domains with life satisfaction in children living in residential care. Sixty six children (51,5% were girls) with mean age 12.9 ±2,4 participated in our study. Participants of our study were children and adolescents that were referred to the Day Center “The house of the Child” and lived in caring homes of “ the Smile of the Child”. The Greek version of the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and the Greek version of the Schema Questionnaire for Children were administered to children. Highest scores of life satisfaction were presented by satisfaction with friends and lowest by satisfaction with family contact.&nbsp; Life satisfaction was inversely predicted by EMS: a) Emotional Inhibition, b) Enmeshment, c) Vulnerability to Harm and d) Abandonment and by domains of EMS: a) Disconnection/Rejection and b) Overvigilance/Inhibition. Regarding life satisfaction, it was observed negative correlation with age and no gender differences were observed for life satisfaction and EMS.&nbsp; We suggest the extension of the study to broader samples including evaluations regarding psychopathology. Through the knowledge on cognitive processes and dysfunctional patterns, it is possible that the dynamic process of their consolidation will be better understood and more appropriate and developmentally oriented intervention will be created.

Revisiting the link between domain satisfaction and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Job-related moderators in triadic analysis in dual-earner parents with adolescent children.

Research has evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on individuals' life satisfaction, but wellbeing interrelations between family members in this context have been less explored. This study examined the spillover and crossover effects of one parent's job satisfaction (JS), satisfaction with family life (SWFaL) and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) on their own, their partner's, and their adolescent children's life satisfaction (LS), and the influence of adolescents' SWFaL and SWFoL on their own and their parents' LS, in dual-earner families with adolescents. The moderating role of job-related variables of both parents were also explored. Questionnaires were administered to 860 dual-earner parents with adolescents in two cities in Chile during 2020. Mothers and fathers answered the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale and the three family members answered the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling, we found that fathers' LS was positively associated with their own JS, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), and negatively with adolescents' SWFoL (crossover). Likewise, mothers' LS was positively associated with their own JS, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), with fathers' and adolescents' SWFaL, and negatively with adolescents' SWFoL. Adolescents' LS was positively associated with their own SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), and with their fathers' JS, and negatively with their fathers' SWFoL. JS showed gendered patterns in spillover and crossover associations. Parents' type of employment, mothers' working hours and city of residence moderated some spillover and crossover associations for father-mother and parent-adolescent dyads. These findings suggest that, for dual-earner parents with adolescents, improving individuals' LS requires interventions that should be carried out not individually, but at a family level.

The emotional experience of mothers of children with haemophilia: maternal guilt, effective coping strategies and resilience within the haemophilia community.

Mothers of children with haemophilia (CWH) experience guilt related to this genetic condition. Several factors contributing to maternal guilt have been identified, but the scope and extent of guilt have not previously been quantified. This study provides insight into the experience of mothers of CWH and how they perceive and manage guilt. It then identifies the most common and helpful coping mechanisms. Between May and October 2021, we distributed an anonymous electronic survey to mothers of CWH. The Parent Experience of Child Illness measured maternal guilt, the PROMIS Parent Proxy for Life Satisfaction measured perception of their child's life satisfaction and additional questions explored specific guilt factors and coping strategies. Eighty-seven mothers responded to the survey. Forty percent of mothers experienced increased guilt. The most common reasons for guilt included putting their child through pain during infusions and passing on the affected X chromosome. Perceived life satisfaction, increased age and genetic counselling were associated with less guilt. The most common coping strategies involved utilizing social support, self-education and connecting with other mothers in the community. Some mothers experienced increased feelings of guilt, illustrating the need for providers to tactfully provide anticipatory guidance and counselling. Tangible manifestations of haemophilia were more likely to trigger feelings of guilt than familial factors. Community immersion was beneficial, as other mothers in the community served as a source of social and educational support. Most mothers did not report guilt, illustrating the adaptability and resilience of the haemophilia community.

Effect of Parents&amp;apos; Parenting Attitudes on Children&amp;apos;s Life Satisfaction: Multiple Mediating Effects of Children&amp;apos;s Self-Esteem and Depression -Using Data From the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey-

Purpose: This descriptive correlation research aimed to confirm the effect of parents’ parenting attitudes on children’s life satisfaction and the multiple mediating effects of self-esteem and depression in the relationship based on secondary data analysis.Methods: This research used data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018, which included a total of 2,596 4th grade elementary school children. The IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0 statistical program analyzed the collected data, and the Process Macro Model 6 analyzed the hypothesis test.Results: Children's self-esteem and depression in the relationship between parents' parenting attitude and children's life satisfaction had a simple mediating effect, and a significant sequential mediating effect of self-esteem and depression.Conclusion: In the relationship between parents' parenting attitude and children's life satisfaction, children's self-esteem and depression were confirmed as simple or sequentially mediated and were important variables for increasing or decreasing children's life satisfaction. Particularly, among the parameters, self-esteem had the greatest mediating effect. A follow-up study is needed to confirm the effect on improving children's life satisfaction by developing a parent education program that considers parental parenting attitudes and children's self-esteem and depression.

다문화가정 청소년의 삶 만족도와 어머니의 일상생활 스트레스와 문화적응 스트레스 간 종단 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to longitudinally examine the changes in the life satisfaction of adolescents from multicultural families and the mother's acculturation stress according to the change of time, and the change in the relationship between adolescents' life satisfaction and mother's daily life stress. Methods For this purpose, data from the 4th and 6th years (2014-2016) were used among the multicultural youth panel survey data of the Korea Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were 1,625 mothers from multicultural families and 1,635 adolescent children from 1st to 3rd grade of middle school. Results The research results are as follows. First, it was found that the life satisfaction of adolescents from multicultural families and the mother's acculturation stress gradually decreased as the children progressed from the first to the third year of middle school, and the mother's daily life stress gradually increased. Second, the higher the life satisfaction of children of multicultural families during the first year of middle school, the lower the daily life stress and acculturation stress of foreign mothers measured at the same time. In addition, the rate of change in life satisfaction among adolescents from multicultural families during the first to third year of middle school had a negative effect on the rate of change in mother's daily life stress. Third, it was found that the mother's initial value of acculturation stress plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between the initial value of life satisfaction of adolescents from multicultural families, and the mother's initial value of daily life stress and the rate of change of daily life stress. Conclusions The results of this study have policy implications that social measures should be devised to enable multicultural families to settle healthily in Korean society.

Perception of Parental Love as a Predictor of Children's Life Satisfaction

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Love is a fundamental part of psychological well-adjustment, but a gap in the literature exists surrounding how perceptions of how loved adults felt by their biological parents in childhood can contribute to life satisfaction and psychological adjustment. This study aims to fill that gap by examining the impact of feeling loved by biological parents and grandparents on psychological well-being and adjustment factors later in life. 1,189 college-aged participants volunteered for the study and were recruited online via SONA at a university in the United States. We constructed a Likert-style rating scale to measure individuals’ level of perceived love (LUV) and its contribution to various adjustment indicators, including life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, trait anger, and conduct disturbance. Linear regression models and bivariate correlations were calculated for the predictor and maladjustment indicators. Results showed a modest correlation between the LUV index and life satisfaction as well as other maladjustment indicators and revealed that LUV significantly predicted life satisfaction. LUV was also a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, anger, and conduct disturbance. These results suggest that perceived love could be an important resilience factor and could be used to predict life satisfaction and psychological adjustment later in life.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A dose-response meta-analysis of the association between the maternal omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplement and risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in oily fish may prevent asthma or wheeze in childhood.ObjectiveBy limiting n-3 LC-PUFA capsules interventions commenced in pregnancy, this systematic review aimed to find more clear evidence on the relationship between the supplement with n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy and the risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring and to improve the life satisfaction of children with asthma.MethodsThe Cochrane library, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from origin to March 2021 in the above-mentioned databases. Studies selection, data of characteristics extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two authors, independently. A total of 3037 mother-infant pairs from eight randomized controlled trials were ultimately analyzed. The primary outcome was the risk of “asthma and/or wheeze”, and the secondary outcome was “Allergic asthma” in this dose-response meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted. The robust-error meta-regression model was used for dose-response analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis showed that n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy did not obviously reduce the risk of asthma/wheeze (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.04, p = 0.21) and allergic asthma (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.86, p = 0.44). The risk of asthma/wheeze in offspring was significantly decreased in the subgroup analysis when:: (1) studies conducted in Europe (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89); (2) daily supplementary dose of n-3 LC-PUFA was at least 1200 mg (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.88); (3) supplementation lasts from pregnancy to lactation period (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95). Furthermore, the risk of asthma/wheeze reduce 2% when daily supplemental dose of n-3 LC-PUFA was increased by 100 mg in the linear dose-response analysis model.ConclusionsPerinatal supplementation with n-3 LC-PUFA can reduce the incidence of asthma/wheeze and allergic asthma in children under certain conditions, and higher doses indicate better protective effects. Further studies are required to confirm the hypothesis of an association between n-3 LC-PUFA intake and childhood asthma/wheeze prevention.

The Impact of a “Three Good Things in Nature” Writing Task on Nature Connectedness, Pro-nature Conservation Behavior, Life Satisfaction, and Mindfulness in Children

This research explores the relationships between nature connectedness, pro-nature conservation behavior, life satisfaction, and mindfulness in children aged 9–11 years and assesses the impact of a three good things in nature writing intervention. Participants were assigned to either an experimental condition, writing about three good things in nature (previously adapted from a positive psychology intervention), or a control condition, writing about any three things they noticed, over a period of 5 days. In total, 138 children provided complete pre-intervention (baseline) data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to explore the impact of the writing task. Increases in nature connectedness, mindfulness, and life satisfaction were observed for both the nature writing and control conditions, but not for pro-conservation behavior. A significant multivariate interaction was observed between the writing condition and time, for both nature connectedness and pro-conservation behaviors. Post hoc tests showed that pro-conservation behaviors increased over time for the nature writing group. Nature connectedness was significantly higher in the nature writing group than the control at the second time point, but not at follow-up (∼2-month later). Multiple regression showed nature connectedness and environmental perceptions predicted pro-nature conservation behavior, whereas nature connectedness and mindfulness predicted life satisfaction. Data were collected during late spring/early summer, which may result in seasonal effects; in future, this could be addressed by collecting data throughout the year. This research demonstrates support for relationships between nature connectedness and both pro-conservation behavior and life satisfaction in children. This indicates that short interventions tested in adults can have an impact on nature connectedness and pro-conservation behavior in children, although the impact on nature connectedness was relatively short-lived.

How Chinese children's filial piety beliefs affect their parents’ life satisfaction and loneliness

Filial piety (or xiao) is a unique Chinese culture that affects older adults' life satisfaction and loneliness. Guided by the dual filial piety model and socioemotional selectivity theory, this study explores how adult children's filial piety beliefs affect their parent's life satisfaction and loneliness. A total of 350 pairs of parent-child data were collected through a parent-child pair design. Results show that emotional support provided by adult children and emotional support perceived by parents (i.e., the transmission of emotional support) fully mediated the relationship between children's reciprocal filial piety belief and parents' life satisfaction and loneliness, and partially mediated the relationship between children's authoritarian filial piety belief and parents' life satisfaction and loneliness. However, instrumental support provided by adult children and instrumental support perceived by parents (i.e., the transmission of instrumental support) had no such mediating roles in the relationship between adult children's filial piety beliefs and parents' life satisfaction and loneliness. This finding suggests that to improve parental well-being, adult Chinese children should cultivate their filial piety and pay close attention to their parents' emotional needs.