Leisure Activities For Children Research Articles

Основные направления организации физического воспитания в досуговой деятельности детей и молодежи

Основные направления организации физического воспитания в досуговой деятельности детей и молодежи

Validation of the children's leisure activities study survey questionnaire for 12-year old South African children

This study evaluated the reliability and construct validity of a modified Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey (CLASS) questionnaire for 12-year old South African children. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was examined in 108 (n=45 boys; n=63 girls) school children aged 12 years at 3 weeks interval. Construct validity was assessed by comparing data on the reported minutes spent in physical activities (PAs) obtained from the CLASS questionnaire responses with ten physical fitness (PF) parameters, assessed using the Eurofit test battery. Cronbach alpha’s test of internal consistency, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and the paired t-test were used to determine reliability. Validity was evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficients. Substantial internal consistency and significant Intra-class correlations estimates for all intensities of PA and sedentary time (ST) were found (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, p < 0.05; ICC ranged from 0.73 to 0.95, p < 0.05). Non-significant differences were found in the means of test and retest measurements. BMI had moderate negative correlations with both moderate and total PA (r = -0.34, r = -0.36, respectively, p < 0.05). Aerobic fitness was significantly correlated with all intensities of PA and ST (r = 0.63, 0.57, 0.43 and-0.34, respectively; p < 0.05). ST was significantly and negatively associated with sit-ups (r = -0.38, p<0.01) and shuttle run (r = -0.29, p<0.05). Similarly, the results of the shuttle run (10x5 meter run), sit-ups, bent arm hang, and standing broad jump tests, had significant associations with vigorous PA. The CLASS questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of PA in 12-year old South African children. Keywords : CLASS questionnaire, validation, physical activity questionnaire, physical fitness, children.

Validation of the children's leisure activities study survey questionnaire for 12-year old South African children

This study evaluated the reliability and construct validity of a modified Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey (CLASS) questionnaire for 12-year old South African children. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was examined in 108 (n=45 boys; n=63 girls) school children aged 12 years at 3 weeks interval. Construct validity was assessed by comparing data on the reported minutes spent in physical activities (PAs) obtained from the CLASS questionnaire responses with ten physical fitness (PF) parameters, assessed using the Eurofit test battery. Cronbach alpha’s test of internal consistency, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and the paired t-test were used to determine reliability. Validity was evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficients. Substantial internal consistency and significant Intra-class correlations estimates for all intensities of PA and sedentary time (ST) were found (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.71 to 0.84, p < 0.05; ICC ranged from 0.73 to 0.95, p < 0.05). Non-significant differences were found in the means of test and retest measurements. BMI had moderate negative correlations with both moderate and total PA (r = -0.34, r = -0.36, respectively, p < 0.05). Aerobic fitness was significantly correlated with all intensities of PA and ST (r = 0.63, 0.57, 0.43 and-0.34, respectively; p < 0.05). ST was significantly and negatively associated with sit-ups (r = -0.38, p<0.01) and shuttle run (r = -0.29, p<0.05). Similarly, the results of the shuttle run (10x5 meter run), sit-ups, bent arm hang, and standing broad jump tests, had significant associations with vigorous PA. The CLASS questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of PA in 12-year old South African children. Keywords : CLASS questionnaire, validation, physical activity questionnaire, physical fitness, children.

Sale leisure activities of children and youth in out of school educational establishments of physical culture and sports destinations

Purpose : To determine the role of extracurricular educational establishments of physical culture sports direction in providing leisure activities for children and youth. Material : The results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, statistical reports of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine, authorities of Physical Culture and Sport, authorities the Department of Education and Science. Results : Based on the analysis of statistical reports determined satisfactory condition and leisure activities in non-school educational establishments physical culture sports direction. This is confirmed by an increase in the number of pupils and students dealing all kinds of physical culture health improvement work. Also, the decline in the number of pupils and students classified for health reasons for the special medical group. Conclusions : Our data showed that extracurricular educational institutions physical culture sports direction have a place in leisure activities. They play an important role in motor activity, substantial leisure and healthy lifestyles for children and young people of our country.

'Active play may be lots of fun, but it's certainly not frivolous': the emergence of active play as a health practice in Canadian public health.

In the context of what has been termed a childhood obesity epidemic, public health institutions have recently begun to promote active play as a means of addressing childhood obesity, thus advancing play for health. Drawing on Foucault, this article problematises the way that children's play is being taken up as a health practice and further considers some of the effects this may have for children. Six Canadian public health websites were examined, from which 150 documents addressing children's health, physical activity, obesity, leisure activities and play were selected and coded deductively (theoretical themes) and inductively (emerging themes). Bacchi's () question-posing approach to critical discourse analysis deepened our analysis of dominant narratives. Our findings suggest that several taken-for-granted assumptions and practices underlie this discourse: (i) play is viewed as a productive activity legitimises it as a health practice; (ii) tropes of 'fun' and 'pleasure' are drawn on to promote physical activity; (iii) children are encouraged to self-govern their leisure time to promote health. We underscore the need to recognise this discourse as contingent and as only one of many ways of conceptualising children's leisure activities and their health and social lives more generally.

Detection of pathogenic micro-organisms on children's hands and toys during play

This study aimed to determine if the children's leisure activities impact the presence of pathogens on their hands and toys. To assess the microbiological hazard in playground areas, a pilot study that included 12 children was conducted. We then conducted an intervention study; children's hands and toys were washed before playing. Faecal coliforms, pathogenic bacteria and Giardia lamblia were quantified by membrane filtration, selective media and flotation techniques, respectively; rotavirus, hepatitis A and rhinovirus by RT-PCR. Pilot study results revealed faecal contamination on children's hands and toys after playing on sidewalks and in public parks. Pathogenic bacteria, hepatitis A and G. lamblia on children's hands were also found. In the intervention study, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on children's hands at concentrations up to 2·5 × 10(4) and 1 × 10(4) CFU hands(-1), respectively. E. coli and Kl. pneumoniae were detected on toys (2·4 × 10(3) and 2·7 × 10(4) CFU toy(-1), respectively). Salmonella spp, Serratia spp and G. lamblia cysts were also present on toys. Children's play activities influence microbial presence on hands and toys; the transfer seems to occur in both ways. Control strategy needs to be implemented to protect children from infectious diseases.

A100: Predictors of Involvement in Leisure Activities Among Children and Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Background/Purpose:Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis may be less involved in leisure activities compared to their healthy peers in part due to disease related factors such as pain, joint stiffness and tenderness. The main purpose of our study was to describe involvement in leisure activities, as well as to identify potential socio‐demographic, disease‐related, personal and environmental determinants.Methods:Ninety three children and youth aged 8 to 18 years diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their families participated in this cross‐sectional study. Children and youth were administered the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), which measures involvement in leisure activities (recreation, physical, social, skill‐based, self‐improvement). The disease characteristics were abstracted from the child's medical file (JIA sub‐type, active joint count, age of diagnosis), pain perception, functional status, motivation, self‐perception and perceived social support were obtained through self‐report. Parents completed questionnaires on socio‐demographic data, as well as on family function and environmental barriers. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis.Results:The leisure activities completed by most participants (&gt;90%) were playing computer/video games, watching television, hanging out with friends and doing homework. Least popular activities were (h10%) martial arts, gymnastics and horseback riding. The level of enjoyment was highest for social activities (mean: 4.2+0.5). Involvement in active physical activities was negatively associated with the presence of active disease (β = −0.385, p = 0.028). However a higher level of perceived athletic competence was associated with greater intensity in active physical activities (β = 0.261, p = 0.037). Higher environmental barrier scores were negatively associated with involvement in social (β = −0.222, p = 0.023) leisure activities.Conclusion:Disease activity may dissuade children and youth from participating in more active pursuits, which places them at greater risk for adopting sedentary lifestyles. There is evidence that contextual factors (personal and environmental) influence leisure participation. The identification of determinants of leisure activities in children and youth with arthritis may allow healthcare professionals to assess children's health needs with more precision and promote a healthier lifestyle.

A multidimensional model of optimal participation of children with physical disabilities

Purpose: To present a conceptual model of optimal participation in recreational and leisure activities for children with physical disabilities. Methods: The conceptualization of the model was based on review of contemporary theories and frameworks, empirical research and the authors’ practice knowledge. A case scenario is used to illustrate application to practice. Results: The model proposes that optimal participation in recreational and leisure activities involves the dynamic interaction of multiple dimensions and determinants of participation. The three dimensions of participation are physical, social and self-engagement. Determinants of participation encompass attributes of the child, family and environment. Experiences of optimal participation are hypothesized to result in long-term benefits including better quality of life, a healthier lifestyle and emotional and psychosocial well-being. Conclusion: Consideration of relevant child, family and environment determinants of dimensions of optimal participation should assist children, families and health care professionals to identify meaningful goals and outcomes and guide the selection and implementation of innovative therapy approaches and methods of service delivery.Implications for RehabilitationOptimal participation is proposed to involve the dynamic interaction of physical, social and self-engagement and attributes of the child, family and environment.The model emphasizes the importance of self-perceptions and participation experiences of children with physical disabilities.Optimal participation may have a positive influence on quality of life, a healthy lifestyle and emotional and psychosocial well-being.Knowledge of child, family, and environment determinants of physical, social and self-engagement should assist children, families and professionals in identifying meaningful goals and guiding innovative therapy approaches.

Ein kommunales Konzept zur Förderung der Gesundheit und Bewegungsaktivitäten von 8- bis 12-jährigen Schülern

We promoted children's physical activity through a municipal and behaviour-modifying approach in districts with deprived backgrounds. Using regular lessons, movement activities were performed with 316 pupils in their district once a month for 2 years. Meetings of involved parents, teachers and municipal representatives were held every 2 months to improve playgrounds and areas suitable for children's leisure activities. Questionnaires showed children's well-being to be correlated with physical outdoor activity, social contact with friends, regular dinners on school days and lower TV consumption.

An evaluation of questionnaires assessing physical activity levels in youth populations

The aim of this study was to revise and organize according to recall time based criteria, questionnaires created and validated to assess the level of physical activity in children and adolescents, with the intention of enabling their proper understanding and subsequent use by nurses and health care professionals. In order to determine the questionnaires' quality, their degree of reliability and validity was the main feature to be taken into account. Thirty-eight papers were retrieved and analyzed, 31 of which were aimed at designing and validating a questionnaire intended for physical activity (PA) level assessment in youth populations (four to 19 year olds). The most widely used questionnaires were those whose recall time spans from one to seven days. In general, all questionnaires were characterized by the use of pen-and-paper format and scarce utilization of new technologies. Based upon validity and reliability criteria, in order to assess PA level in children and adolescents, nurses should use the "Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey" and the "Flemish Physical Activity Computer Questionnaire", respectively. There is a need for the validation of these tools in other languages and cultures.

Desempenho acadêmico e autoconceito de escolares: contribuições do envolvimento paterno

Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar as relações entre três formas do envolvimento paterno (a comunicação entre pai e filho; a participação do pai nos cuidados com o filho; a participação do pai nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho) e dois aspectos do desenvolvimento infantil (autoconceito e desempenho acadêmico) de crianças que iniciam as atividades escolares. Participaram deste estudo 97 casais e seus filhos matriculados na 1ª ou 2ª série do Ensino Fundamental. Para avaliar o envolvimento paterno a partir de duas perspectivas diferentes, tanto os pais quanto as mães responderam à Avaliação do bem-estar pessoal e familiar e do relacionamento pai-filho - Versão Paterna. Para avaliar o desempenho acadêmico e o autoconceito, foram aplicados nas crianças o Teste de Desempenho Escolar e o Self-Description Questionnaire I. Observou-se que, quanto maior a frequência de comunicação entre pai e filho, a participação do pai nos cuidados com o filho e a participação do pai nas atividades escolares, culturais e de lazer do filho, maior o desempenho acadêmico e o autoconceito das crianças. Esses resultados são indicativos da importância do envolvimento paterno e apontam a necessidade de se realizarem intervenções educativas dirigidas aos homens.

An international comparison of patterns of participation in leisure activities for children with and without disabilities in Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands

Purpose: To investigate whether there are differences in participation in leisure activities between children with and without disabilities in Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands and how much personal and environmental factors explain leisure performance.Methods: In a cross-sectional analytic design, the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, CAPE, was performed with 278 children with disabilities and 599 children without disabilities aged 6–17 years. A one-way between-groups ANOVA explored the differences in participation between the countries. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis assessed if age, gender, educational level, living area and country of residence explained the variance in participation.Results: Scandinavian children with disabilities participated in more activities with higher frequency compared to Dutch children. The strongest predictor was country of residence. For children without disabilities, differences existed in informal activities, the strongest predictor was gender.Conclusion: Differences in school- and support systems between the countries seem to influence patterns of participation, affecting children with disabilities most.

Managing the Everyday Health Puzzle in Swedish Families With Children

In this article, issues of children, food, and health are discussed with the help of the concept of a “health puzzle,” which is defined as the many pieces of family life that need to be put together to reach the goal of a healthy family lifestyle. The data derives from a qualitative study, where parents and children in twelve Swedish families were interviewed at three occasions. The aim was to find out how the healthy life of the family is defined, created, and sustained. The healthy family showed to be composed of different practices and drew on values of bodily, emotional, and social well-being. The dilemmas mentioned concerned how to serve “proper food” and have “proper meals,” and making this fit into a tight time schedule. Solutions to the dilemmas were, for example, to prioritize spending time together; to promote healthy eating by having a weekly menu or a fruit bowl available; and to mark the contrast between weekdays and weekends with the help of “Cosy Friday,” “Saturday Sweets,” and an elaborate weekend dinner. Depending on the family economy, working hours, and the number of children's leisure activities, the solutions were mainly dictated by either money or time.

What influences participation in leisure activities of children and youth with physical disabilities? A systematic review

In 2001 the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) defined participation as ‘someone's involvement in life situations’. Participation in leisure activities contributes to the development of children and their quality of life. Children with physical disabilities are known to be at risk for participation in fewer activities. The group of children with physical disabilities is highly heterogeneous consisting of children with different diagnosis and different ages. This systematic review aims to analyse the literature for the purpose of looking for variables involved in the frequency of participation in leisure activities for children and youth with different diagnoses and ages. Frequency of participation in leisure activities for children and youth with physical disabilities is associated with a variety of variables. Gross motor function, manual ability, cognitive ability, communicative skills, age and gender are the most important variables. The current evidence suggests that similar variables seem to apply to children with different diagnoses. Age is an important variable in participation of children and youth. However evidence about those variables associated with children at different ages is still lacking.

Mediators of Maternal Depression and Family Structure on Child BMI: Parenting Quality and Risk Factors for Child Overweight

Risk factors for child obesity may be influenced by family environment, including maternal depression, family structure, and parenting quality. We tested a path model in which maternal depression and single parent status are associated with parenting quality, which relates to three risk factors for child obesity: diet, leisure, and sedentary behavior. Participants included 4,601 5th-grade children and their primary caregivers who participated in the Healthy Passages study. Results showed that associations of maternal depression and single parenthood with child BMI are mediated by parenting quality and its relation to children's leisure activity and sedentary behavior. Interventions for child obesity may be more successful if they target family environment, particularly parenting quality and its impact on children's active and sedentary behaviors.

The substance and sources of young children's healthy eating and physical activity knowledge: implications for obesity prevention efforts

The prevalence of overweight among young children is increasing at an alarming rate. Global efforts to address the issue can benefit from understanding how young children's experiences across multiple contexts shape their perspectives of healthy weight. This qualitative study examines the substance and sources of young American children's knowledge related to healthy eating, physical activity and media practices. Role play and semi-structured interviews were conducted in child-care settings with 81 children aged 3-5 who represented diverse socio-economic statuses and ethnic backgrounds. Children demonstrated better understanding of the benefits of healthy eating compared with physical activity. Snacks and beverages consumed outside mealtime were less likely to be healthy even among the 40% of children who demonstrated an understanding of healthy nutrition. The majority of children's leisure activity selections involved media and minimally active pursuits. Three quarters of the children were unable to articulate reasons for healthy choices or identify the sources of their health understandings. The media was listed as source of health information more frequently than adults. Obesity prevention efforts targeting young children need to use consistent messaging across all contexts in which children develop in order to increase their understanding that physical activity and eating choices support health. Efforts need to counter inaccurate information and address the rationale for health practices. Key gaps in young children's understanding include: the importance of drinking water, that snacks are part of nutritional intake and the benefits of engaging in physical activities.

Intérêt de l’utilisation du questionnaire des problèmes associés aux jeux vidéo de Tejeiro (Problem Videogame Playing : PVP). Étude exploratoire chez des enfants présentant un TDA/H

During recent decades, videogame playing has become one of the main leisure activities in children and adolescents. However, studies on video game addiction are still very few. In order to evaluate the difficulties induced by an excessive “consumption” of video games, the team of Dr. Tejeiro developed a self-rating questionnaire: the Problem Videogame Playing questionnaire (PVP, Tejeiro, 2002). We translated this questionnaire with the agreement of the author and carried out, then, a “back-translation”. Population The sample consisted of 50 children (29 children with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] and 21 controls). All subjects were evaluated on their consumption of videogames (PVP scale) and on their levels of externalized symptomatology by the Conners Parent rating scale and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results None the controls scored above four on the PVP scale whereas 10 hyperactive children among the 29 answered affirmatively to five or more questions ( P = 0.02). We focused on PVP scores, and we distinguished two sub-groups among the hyperactive population: children having a score equal to or higher than 5 ( n = 10, group 1) and those having a score lower than 5 (group 2). The subjects of group 1 presented a higher index of hyperactivity on the Conners Parents rating scale than group 2 ( P = 0.02); and obtained higher scores on the Child Behavior Checklist, on the delinquent subscale ( P = 0.03), the aggressive subscale ( P = 0.02) and on externalizing problems ( P = 0.01). Conclusion The hyperactive children present more problems associated with video games. Children with high PVP scores appear with a particular behavioral clinical profile. This tool appears useful, for the clinician, in the description of the behaviours of children and teenagers towards video games. Also, it is necessary to use this questionnaire, in its French version, on larger populations.

The relationship between Developmental Co‐ordination Disorders, child's perceived self‐efficacy and preference to participate in daily activities

Developmental Co-ordination Disorder (DCD) may negatively impact children's self-efficacy and limit their performance and participation in school as well as in leisure activities performed after school hours. However, a lack of information exists regarding the relationships between DCD, child's self-efficacy and participation. Moreover, the literature about the way children with DCD experience these limitations and report about them is scarce. This study aimed to compare the perceived self-efficacy and the preference to participate in leisure activities of children with DCD and typical peers and to illuminate the relationship between self-efficacy, activity preference and DCD severity. Participants were 37 children with DCD and 37 typical peers, aged 5.08-9.83 years. All children performed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System and the Preference for Activities of Children. The scores of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children confirmed the motor gaps between the two groups. Children with DCD scored significantly lower in self-efficacy on all the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting System subscales and demonstrated a lower preference to participate in leisure activities according to all scales of the Preference for Activities of Children. The lower their self-efficacy, the lower their motor performance and their preference to participate in activities. Children's preference to participate in activities may be limited by motor difficulties, but further hindered by low self-efficacy. Early identification of DCD and associated negative outcomes, also based on child's self-reports, should receive special attention in intervention programmes in order to enhance children's self-confidence, feelings of belonging, optimal development and participation in daily activities.

Cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch language version of the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) in children with and without physical disabilities

Objective: To assess construct validity, test—retest reliability and inter-interviewer reliability of the intensity dimension of the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) for children with and without physical disabilities in the Netherlands. Subjects: In total, 232 children aged 6—18 years (110 male, 122 female) participated. Seventy-four children with various physical disabilities and 158 without a disability. Design: Participants completed the CAPE and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. In addition, parents of 142 children were interviewed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Family Environment Scale. For 71 children test— retest reliability and for 60 children inter-interviewer reliability were assessed. Validity was examined by assessing differences in participation intensity in children with disabilities versus without a physical disability, boys versus girls, and younger versus older children. In addition, 13 hypotheses regarding participation, child and family variables were examined. Results: Validity of the CAPE was supported by significant differences in participation for subgroups. Participation differed significantly in children with and without disabilities. Girls participated more in all activities. Older children participated more in social activities and self-improvement activities, younger children participated more in recreational activities. Validity of the CAPE was further supported with significant correlation coefficients in 8 out of 13 hypotheses. Both test—retest and inter-interviewer reliability were good to excellent. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the Dutch language version of the CAPE is a reliable and valid instrument to measure participation in recreation and leisure activities for children with and without physical disabilities aged 6—18 years.

Children's engagement in leisure time physical activity: exploring family structure as a determinant

This paper draws on Bourdieu's key concepts in an effort to understand particular social practices and the effect of family as a social environment and determinant for participation in leisure time physical activity. As an exploratory study, the aim was to elicit children's subjective views of their engagement in leisure time physical activity settings. Adopting an interpretive perspective, six 11‐ to 14‐year‐old children from intact couple families and single parent families were interviewed in small groups, exploring lived experiences of their participation in physical activity in relation to their family structure. The study suggests that family structure plays a vital role in helping to shape children's dispositions towards physical activity. All children were subject to the transmission of parental beliefs and values towards physical activity though this was further reinforced in intact couple families through joint participation. Moreover, children from single parent families were seen to exhibit more sedentary dispositions that reflected the environment in which they reside. We argue that children's individual habitus, as bearing the experiences of their familial backgrounds, provided them with certain desires to participate in physical activity which are mediated by their family circumstance. The study suggests that family structure is becoming a more prominent issue within society, and thus, children's leisure activity from this perspective requires further research that explores this phenomenon in greater detail.