Intelligence Of Children Research Articles

Association between parental education level and intelligence quotient of children referred to the mental healthcare system: a cross-sectional study in Poland

Considering the gap in understanding of the link between parental education and child intelligence quotient (IQ), our study aimed to investigate the association between parental education and the IQ of children referred to the mental healthcare system, explore which parent’s education level is more influential, and examine the impact of the child’s age and sex on these relationships. This cross-sectional study included 80,303 children aged 3–18 years who were referred to the mental healthcare system between 2018 and 2023. We predefined IQ composite score (Full IQ Scale), as measured by the Stanford Binet 5 Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB-5) as the primary outcome; the remaining SB-5 composite scores were the secondary outcomes. Linear regression analysis was performed using staircase coding for ordinal predictors with several binary independent variables. A significant correlation was found between parental education levels and IQ of the sampled children, with higher levels of parents’ education predicting higher IQ scores, particularly with mother’s education explaining 18.23% of the variance in children’s overall intelligence. No significant interaction was observed between parental education and child’s sex in predicting child IQ. However, a significant interaction was observed with age, showing that IQ decreases with age in children of parents with lower education, while it increases with age in children of parents with higher education. Our study underscores the pivotal influence of parental education on the IQ levels of children referred to mental healthcare services. Maternal education level was a stronger predictor of child IQ, potentially because mothers tend to be the primary caregivers. These findings suggest the need for targeted support programs for caregivers, particularly those with lower education levels, to facilitate the early detection of developmental challenges. Integrated education and healthcare efforts are crucial for equitable mental healthcare access.

Pencegahan Kejadian Stunting Melalui Analisis Faktor pH Kualitas Air Minum Rumah Tangga

Stunting is a social urgency in Indonesia that affects the development of health and intelligence of children. Based on data from the Ministry of Home Affairs the percentage of stunted toddlers in Bandar Lampung City is 0.8% or 520 toddlers of the 63,998 toddlers in all Bandar Lampung City Districts. Clean water is one of the causes of stunting. To find out the level Cleanliness of drinking water can be done by measuring the pH value using litmus paper. However, pH measurements are more accurate using Primary standard for calibrating glass electrodes and pH meters. This research aims to map and analyze the pH factors of drinking water as well as the mineral content of the water, so it is hoped that it can be used as a reference or rejection measure against the Bandar Lampung City government and the local community planning health services and human resources. The method This research carried out a survey the pH and metal content of water used for drinking and cooking in households in 19 sub-districts. The results of pH and electrolysis testing showed that the pH and water content in Bandar Lampung City varied greatly from 3.61 to 8.5. On the map, 95 measurement points are spread across sub-districts throughout Bandar Lampung City, with data interpolation tending to be colored yellow, green and blue. This is predicted because several areas in Bandar Lampung City are well maintained so that water quality is maintained and several other areas have experienced pollution and the water in these areas contains dangerous chemicals and even heavy metals.

Emotions and individual characteristics on the perception of disruptive behaviours in parents of children with Down syndrome

Objectives Parents of children with Down syndrome face particular challenges. For example, children with Down syndrome often experience behavioural problems. Disruptive behaviours are conducts that frequently results in conflict with peers, family, and authority figures. Family behaviours and emotions significantly influence children’s behaviour. Parents could deal with their children’s disruptive behaviors through emotional intelligence techniques. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognise, understand, and manage emotions. This study examines the relationship between parents’ emotional intelligence and their perception of their children’s disruptive behaviours in Down syndrome. Methods A sample of 53 parents (40 mothers, M age = 48.11, SD age = 4.62) of children with Down syndrome (M age = 9.58 SD age = 1.93) was formed. Parents answered validated scales about their children’s emotional intelligence and disruptive behaviors. These variables were compared according to the gender of parents and children, and their correlations were analyzed. Results Findings indicate that mothers exhibited higher levels of emotional intelligence than fathers, and that the perception of disruptive behaviors was negatively associated with the emotional intelligence of parents and children’s age (r ≥ 0.27). Conclusions These results highlight the importance of early acquisition of socio-emotional skills and adaptive behaviours to manage daily stressors.

Application of Programming Education in the Cultivation of Children's Core Literacy

The role of programming education in cultivating children's core literacy in the era of digital intelligence is becoming increasingly prominent. The article defines core concepts such as children's core literacy and programming education, and summarizes the relevant policies and measures of UNESCO, the European Union, and governments of various countries on core literacy and programming education; The role of programming education in children's intelligence literacy, information literacy, innovation literacy, and humanistic literacy was studied through case studies; Based on the cognitive patterns and developmental characteristics of children, methods suitable for children's programming education have been proposed; Analyzed the challenges faced by children's programming education and proposed targeted countermeasures.

Intervensi Pemerintah Kabupaten Sumedang dalam Penanganan dan Penanggulangan Masalah Stunting di Kabupaten Sumedang

Stunting is a developmental disorder that occurs in children. This usually occurs when children are chronically malnourished during the child's growth period. Usually children who get symptoms of stunting will look proportional, but when children affected by stunting are next to children of the same age, children affected by stunting will look shorter or smaller. Even so, children who look short or small do not necessarily suffer from stunting. Children with stunting will experience poor growth and development, not only from their height that looks short, but the child's intelligence will also weaken, there will be interference when speaking, and it will be difficult when the child learns later; besides that, their immunity is classified as lower, which will be easily exposed to viruses and bacteria. The purpose of this study is to understand how the intervention of the Sumedang Regency government, especially the Health Office, Social Service, and DPPKBP3A of Sumedang Regency, contributes to handling and overcoming stunting cases in Sumedang Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method and literature study. The results of the research obtained are various information about the prevention and handling of stunting carried out by various related fields, both in the Health Office, Social Service, and DPPKBP3A, then the efforts and challenges faced by the agencies, and the most important thing is the source of funds in the framework of handling and overcoming stunting in Sumedang Regency. So it can be concluded that these agencies have an important role to deal with the problem of stunting and reduce the stunting rate in the Sumedang district in various ways.

Formative education of Artificial Intelligence for preschool children: challenges and methods

Formative education of Artificial Intelligence for preschool children: challenges and methods

Pembentukkan Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melalui Keterampilan Seni Mendongeng

The purpose of this study is to describe the art of storytelling skills in Early Childhood as a medium of education and entertainment, in shaping children's personalities, and guiding children's emotional intelligence. Character formation from an early age is very important so that children have a strong mentality when facing challenges, changes and certain situations in the future. The problems that are currently spreading in national life are the moral crisis and the crisis of role models. The moral crisis can be overcome through character building. In the scope of schools, character building can be applied through learning literature that has a moral dimension. We can say that the main function of children's literature is delce et utite 'to entertain and educate', which in practice are interconnected. Children's literature can play a role as an effective character builder because the moral values ​​(honesty, sacrifice, democracy, politeness, love, justice, and friendship) it carries are conveyed implicitly. The message of the story can be realized metaphorically so that the teaching and learning process takes place pleasantly and does not patronize. Instilling commendable characters in early childhood through fairy tales can be said to be the most effective because fairy tales are so close to their daily lives. The goal of literature education in Elementary Schools through fairy tales is in line with the goal of national education, namely the formation of humans who have good understanding, attitudes, and behavior. This research is a type of descriptive literature study. The sample in this study is a sample of the prose genre taken from local Sumbanese wisdom which is generally known by children such as Folk tales or fairy tales such as Watu Maladong, Wee Wini, Watu Kaweda and Pasola. Data collection techniques use library data collection methods, reading and recording, and processing research materials

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Tari Kreasi dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Kinestetik Anak di TK Negeri Pembina Lubuk Pakam

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of creative dance as a medium for developing kinesthetic intelligence in early childhood at the Pembina Lubuk Pakam State Kindergarten. Creative dance was chosen because it is relevant in improving children's gross motor skills, coordination and creativity. The evaluation method uses the CIPP model which includes context, input, process and product, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The evaluation results show that the implementation of creative dance has helped children improve gross and fine motor skills, as well as build self-confidence and creativity. However, obstacles were found such as limited facilities and lack of program support from parents. The implication of this research is the importance of optimizing supporting facilities and increasing teacher competency to ensure the success of the program. Thus, creative dance has proven to be an effective means of supporting the kinesthetic development of young children and enriching their learning experiences in an educational environment.

Validation of a Questionnaire Assessing Pregnant Women's Perspectives on Addressing the Psychological Challenges of Childbirth.

Pregnant women's experiences and concerns regarding childbirth are complex, necessitating a multidimensional and personalized approach in maternal care. This study explores the psychological and emotional factors influencing pregnant women's decisions regarding their mode of delivery. The results will provide valuable insights for the development of educational and counseling strategies designed to support pregnant women in making informed and conscious decisions about their childbirth. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire exploring the psychological dimensions of childbirth. Factor analysis was employed to assess emotional perceptions, perceived medical risks, and the impact of cesarean section on pregnant women. The questionnaire was distributed online via Google Forms, using social networks like Facebook and Instagram to ensure rapid and broad accessibility. The questionnaire was available for seven months, from January to July 2023. McDonald's ω, Cronbach's α, average inter-item correlation, and total item correlations were calculated to assess the consistency of the questionnaire items in measuring the same construct. The three-factor model emerged as the primary structure based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). The first profile, centered on the psychological and emotional benefits of vaginal birth, highlights the importance of the natural birth experience for the mother's psychological well-being. The second profile addresses concerns about medical risks and the need for interventions. The third profile focuses on perceptions and concerns related to the intelligence and adaptability of children born by cesarean section and the effects of anesthesia. Each profile reflects different strategies for seeking control and security amid childbirth uncertainties. These include emphasizing the psychological benefits of vaginal birth, addressing medical risks, and focusing on the impact of interventions on child development. Understanding these variables is essential for providing appropriate counseling and psychosocial support, thereby optimizing the birth experience and promoting the health of both mother and child. The integration of multi-factor and single-factor models in the questionnaire analysis serves complementary purposes, providing distinct yet interrelated insights into the instrument's structure and validity.

Family and Child Functionality in Relation to Gender, Age, Emotional Skills, and Family Structure

The subject of this empirical research is a comprehensive view of the impact of functionality and dysfunctionality of the family on the emotional skills of children in relation to sex, age of children and the family structure. The main objective of the research is to determine whether there is a link between functionality and dysfunctionality of family and emotional skills of children in relation to sex, age of children and the family structure. The study used the basic, general, and data collection methods (test method). Test method, scaling technique was used in the empirical part of the research for data collection using instrument questionnaire of emotional competence. In accordance with the hypothesis of research we were examined whether there is a statistically significant difference in the level of development of emotional abilities between the functional groups of children from families and groups of children from dysfunctional families in relation to age (12-13, 14, 15 and 16 years), in relation to gender (male and female) in relation to family structure (complete and incomplete). The results showed that the statistically significant difference and clearly defined border between the groups in relation to: emotional abilities and age (12-13 years) - Analysis MANOVA p = .011 and discriminant analysis p = .011; emotional skills and gender (male) - Analysis MANOVA p = .042 and discriminant analysis p = .046; and emotional skills, and family structure (incomplete) - Analysis MANOVA p = .138 and discriminant analysis p = .069. The results showed that it was possible to define the characteristics, the homogeneity of the group and the distance between them, which confirmed that children from functioning families in relation to these variables have developed skills of emotional intelligence of children from dysfunctional families.

Increasing kinesthetic intelligence through outbound kapla toys

Background: Outbound Kapla Toys is an outdoor play activity that can develop children's gross motor skills by crawling, jumping, hopping and throwing according to the correct color. The kinesthetic intelligence of children at RA Nurul Huda Sidokumpul Guntur Demak has not developed optimally, this is evident from the fact that most children have difficulty in doing these basic movements. This activity stimulates their imagination and creativity, because there are no limits to what they can create.Aim: To determine the implementation of kinesthetic learning and its improvement at RA Nurul Huda Sidokumpul Guntur Demak through Outbound Kapla Toys. The novelty of this study compared to previous studies lies in a more holistic and multidimensional approach to developing children's skills, compared to previous studies that focused more on one aspect such as motor skills or creativity.Method: The subjects of this classroom action research (CAR) were children aged 5-6 years at RA Nurul Huda Sidokumpul Guntur Demak. The data collection instruments used observation, interviews and documentation.Results: Outbound Kapla can be used to build various shapes and designs, which support the development of children's fine motor skills and creativity. In the implementation of kinesthetic learning, it increases and develops very well.Conclusion: Kinesthetic Intelligence through Kapla Outbound Toys increases and is able to display basic movements that are easy for children to do so that it is effective to use.

Usability and psychometric properties of a battery of tools to assess intelligence, executive functioning, and sustained attention in Tanzanian children.

Measuring neurocognitive functioning in children requires validated, age-appropriate instruments that are adapted to the local cultural and linguistic context. We sought to evaluate the usability and psychometric properties of five tools that assess general intelligence, executive functioning, and sustained attention among Tanzanian children. We adapted five age-appropriate neurocognitive assessment batteries from previously published assessment materials to the Tanzanian context. We enrolled children 6 months to 12 years of age residing in the rural ward of Yombo, Pwani Region. Feasibility and acceptability of all instruments was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively, including measurement of refusal rates, ceiling or floor effects, and time requirements. We assessed internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and convergent validity using standard correlation analysis. Score gradients across age were explored using polynomial regression analysis. All five instruments required minimal adaptations to the Tanzanian context. Two-hundred sixty one children aged 6 months to 12 years completed the assessment. Refusal rates were consistently low (5.9% at the highest) and no ceiling or floor effects of measurements were observed. Feedback from assessors and caregivers indicated adequate test durations and generally high acceptability of instruments. All instruments showed good internal consistency with Cronbach alphas at least 0.84 for all tests. We found satisfactory convergent validity; all test scores strongly correlated with age. The five instruments identified to assess general intelligence, executive functioning, and sustained attention constructs in Tanzanian children seem to work well in this setting.

Improving entrepreneurship creativity of early childhood students through market day activities: A systematic literature review

Increased creativity in entrepreneurship can be nurtured from an early age through entrepreneurial learning that is appropriate and fun for children to do. Increased entrepreneurship can be applied in market day activities organized by the school. The purpose of this study is to understand empirical evidence regarding the application of market day activities as an effort to increase entrepreneurial creativity in kindergarten students. The use of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on 12 selected literatures with 3 questions asked. The results of this study are (1). Student involvement plays a very important role in increasing entrepreneurial creativity in children from an early age. (2). The entrepreneurship activity model through market day activities produces 6 main entrepreneurship values, including: 1. Independent 2. Leadership 3. Hard work 4. Creative 5. Risk taking 6. Focus on action. The last result, market day, can increase creativity and innovation, recognize the concept of honesty, hone intrapersonal intelligence in children, develop self-confidence and managerial skills, train the communication process with others, and develop a business spirit in children. The conclusion of this literature study is that increasing entrepreneurship creativity through market day programs in schools can develop entrepreneurship interest in students so that later it can increase the nation's competitiveness in the field of entrepreneurship. Student involvement, adequate facilities, and support from parents and teachers are also important points so that market day activities run smoothly.

INTERACTIVE BLOCK GAMES TO IMPROVE VISUAL SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

The development of technology and modern lifestyle has changed children's play patterns, where more time is spent with digital devices than manipulative activities that support visual-spatial development, interactive block play is a popular activity for preschool children and has been considered by researchers as a versatile activity to help children develop technological thinking, critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, and abstract thinking, Data collection was carried out through systematic observation, documentation, and performance tests to measure the development of children's visual-spatial intelligence. The collected data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test statistical test, and the paired sample t-test to analyze the increase in scores from pretest to posttest. The validity and reliability of the instrument trial instrument with a Cronbach's alpha reliability value> 0.7. based on the Sig. (2-tailed) value in the experimental class of 0.010 <0.05. So there is a difference before the intervention or pretest and after the intervention or posttest. Therefore, there is an influence of interactive block play to improve visual spatial intelligence in early childhood. Children who regularly play with interactive blocks show improvements in several cognitive aspects. They have better abilities in recognizing patterns, understanding spatial relationships, and solving problems involving spatial orientation

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH PLANTING ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS AT PGRI SRIKANDI BALAK KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI IN THE 2023/2024 ACADEMIC YEAR

This study aims to improve the social emotional intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through farming activities with a focus on developing effective and enjoyable alternative learning methods. The problems underlying this study are the low level of children's social emotional intelligence, the limited variety of learning methods that can integrate social emotional aspects with practical activities, and the less than optimal use of planting activities as a learning medium in schools. Through the implementation of planting activities, this study attempts to provide solutions to these problems by creating direct learning experiences that can stimulate children's social emotional development optimally. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) methodology which is carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consists of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten, totaling 15 children. The data collection technique used structured observation with observation sheets, documentation, and interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research and discussion that has been carried out, farming has proven to be effective in improving social emotional intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten

Parenting style, supporting factor of the socio-emotional development of the child with diabetes

The article highlights the crucial importance of parenting style in the lives of children with diabetes, showing how it directly influences the children's ability to manage the disease and lead a balanced life. Parenting style not only plays a role in diabetes management, but also has a profound impact on the child's emotional state and long-term development. The comparative study between school-aged children with diabetes and those without diabetes examined the impact of parenting styles on key factors in socio-emotional development and diabetes management in children, identifying parenting styles as significant predictors of children's emotional intelligence as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. A parenting style that actively involves the child in the process of diabetes management, both through education and emotional support, can have a major positive impact on the child's quality of life. Therefore, it is essential that parents adopt a style that supports not only the strict management of the disease but also the child's emotional and social development, ensuring a balance between medical requirements and the child's emotional needs.

The Relationship between Nutritional Status and Intellectual Intelligence In 4th-5th Grade Students at SD N 219 Inpres Pannambungan, Maros

Nutritional status is a measure of the condition of a person's body, which can be seen from the food consumed and the use of substances in the body. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between nutritional status and intellectual intelligence in elementary school children in grades 4-5 at SDN 219 Inpres Pannambungan. In this study, the research design was observational, with a cross-sectional approach using total sampling. This study uses an intellectual intelligence test tool, namely the CFIT (Culture Fair Intelligence Test. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS application by conducting univariate analysis related to respondent characteristics, independent variables, and dependent variables, then continued by conducting bivariate analysis, namely the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the Spearman correlation test. The results of this study showed that the correlation value (-2.72) with the probability value or error level (p=0.035) was smaller than the significant standard value (a=0.05). This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the intellectual intelligence of children of SDN 219 Pannambungan Presidential Instruction Maros Regency.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Sentra Dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Siswa Di Tkit Al Mumtaz Jayanti Tangerang

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse the implementation of centre learning in Al Mumtaz Integrated Islamic Kindergarten (TKIT) Jayanti, Tangerang, which focuses on improving various aspects of children's intelligence, including cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and spiritual intelligence. At TKIT Al Mumtaz, centre learning is implemented through various types of centres, such as preparation centres, macro role centres, child role centres, faith and piety centres, block centres, cooking centres, and body exercise centres. Each centre is designed to develop children's potential in a fun way and according to their stage of development. The results show that the implementation of centre learning has a significant impact in improving children's intelligence at TKIT Al Mumtaz Jayanti. Children who were actively involved in various centre activities showed improvements in cognitive skills, such as the ability to solve problems, communicate and think critically. They also show progress in social and emotional intelligence, including the ability to co-operate, empathise and manage their feelings. This approach also strengthens children's character development, which is crucial to forming individuals who are not only intelligent.

Exploring Early Childhood Linguistic Intelligence Through English Language Learning Methods

This study investigates the effectiveness of interactive learning methods; playing, singing, and storytelling in enhancing linguistic intelligence among early childhood learners in English language settings. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, and field notes. The findings reveal that interactive methods significantly improve children's engagement, vocabulary acquisition, and ability to construct simple sentences. Activities such as singing and storytelling not only boost verbal responses but also build children's confidence in using English both in and outside the classroom. Parents observed enhanced communication skills and self-confidence at home. Additionally, these methods contributed to cognitive development, fostering critical thinking and creativity. The study concludes that interactive English learning activities are instrumental in fostering linguistic intelligence in early childhood while providing a strong foundation for future academic and communication skills. Recommendations for integrating these methods into preschool curricula are provided, highlighting their potential for global adaptation in early language education.

Vitamin B12 intake during pregnancy linked to child speech development and intelligence quotient.

Nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy may affect offspring development. We aim to examine the association between prenatal vitamin B12 intake and children's cognitive development. A total of 5151 mother-child pairs from the Czech part of ELSPAC study were included in the analysis. Dietary information was obtained during pregnancy using food frequency questionnaire. Parents reported on their child's speech and language development at 18months, 3, 5 and 7years. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured at 8years in subcohort of 854 children. Children of mothers with higher vitamin B12 intake demonstrated higher scores in language (B=0.20, 95% CI 0.06, 0.34) and talking and understanding (B=2.39, 95% CI 0.97, 3.80) in a fully adjusted model at 18months. Additionally, they were more likely to get maximum points in the intelligibility test at age 3 (OR=1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.09) in unadjusted model, however, not in fully adjusted model. We found a positive effect of higher vitamin B12 intake on verbal IQ (B=1.08, 95% CI 0.09, 2.08). We identified consistent associations between prenatal vitamin B12 intake and children's cognitive development. The results suggest that inadequate vitamin B12 during pregnancy may negatively affect children's cognitive development, particularly in speech and language.