Generation Of Children Research Articles

Fathers' rejection sensitivity: Links with fathers' and children's social information processing

AbstractObjectiveJoining efforts to reveal how fathers affect their children's social competence, we examined whether fathers' rejection sensitivity was associated with biases in their children's social information processing. We also explored whether this link was indirect via biases in fathers' social information processing of their children's peer interactions and, in particular, fathers' behavioral responses.BackgroundChildren's social information processing biases predict their social competence and well‐being. Studies have explored how mothers' rejection sensitivity may impact children's social information processing. Yet, little is known about the role of fathers in this context.MethodParticipants were 85 fathers living in Israel (68.24% Jewish; 31.76% Arab) and their kindergarten children (55.29% female; MChild age in months = 68.70, SD = 5.59). Fathers completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and reported their attributions, emotions, and likely behaviors in ambiguous hypothetical scenarios that might suggest a rejection of their child by peers using the Peer Rejection Scenarios measure. Children were interviewed using the Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version, tapping hypothetical peer interactions.ResultsFathers' rejection sensitivity was indirectly related to children's generation of maladaptive responses to ambiguous peer interactions through fathers' reports of their more negative emotions and overinvolved behavioral responses.ConclusionResults underscore the role of fathers' rejection sensitivity and emotional and behavioral responses in children's social information processing.ImplicationsThe study points to the need to consider paternal rejection sensitivity in research and interventions focused on promoting children's social competence.

Roadmap for the next generation of Children's Oncology Group rhabdomyosarcoma trials.

Clinical trials conducted by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Study Group and the Children's Oncology Group have been pivotal to establishing current standards for diagnosis and therapy for RMS. Recent advancements in understanding the biology and clinical behavior of RMS have led to more nuanced approaches to diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. The complexities introduced by these advancements, coupled with the rarity of RMS, pose challenges to conducting large-scale phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate new treatment strategies for RMS. Given these challenges, systematic planning of future clinical trials in RMS is paramount to address pertinent questions regarding the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, biomarkers of response, treatment-related toxicity, and patient quality of life. Herein, the authors outline the proposed strategic approach of the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee to the next generation of RMS clinical trials, focusing on five themes: improved novel agent identification and preclinical to clinical translation, more efficient trial development and implementation, expanded opportunities for knowledge generation during trials, therapeutic toxicity reduction and quality of life, and patient engagement.

국민건강보험 빅데이터를 이용한 한국의 세대 간 소득이동성 연구

Problems of intergenerational conflict and inequality are emerging not only in Korea but also around the world, and in particular, pessimism is spreading not only about inequality in results, but also inequality in the process and opportunities leading to results. This study investigates opportunity inequality in Korean society by analyzing the relationship between the income of the parents' generation and the children's generation, called as intergenerational income mobility, using the income quintile of parents and children of NHIS data. In addition to the parental effect, income mobility can also be influenced by children's characteristics and the regional characteristics of their living environment, so we aim to examine the extent to which these factors affect income mobility. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between parents' income levels and children's income levels, and that there are differences in mobility across regions. The analysis also shows that the effect of factors influencing children's income varies across regions. Finally, we found that when discussing inequality of opportunity and intergenerational income mobility in Korea, it is important to properly consider the characteristics of the data and the impact of relevant factors, such as the proposed measure of income mobility.

Heritage language use in the country of residence matters for language maintenance, but short visits to the homeland can boost heritage language outcomes

This study examined how heritage children's experiences with the heritage language (HL) in the country of residence (e.g., children's generation, their HL use and richness) and the country of origin (e.g., visits to and from the homeland) may change as a function of the migration generation heritage children belong to, and how this may in turn differentially influence HL outcomes. Fifty-eight Greek-English-speaking bilingual children of Greek heritage residing in Western Canada and New York City participated in the study. They belonged to three different generations of migration: a group of second-generation heritage speakers, which were children of first-generation parents; a group of mixed-generation heritage children of first- and second-generation parents; and of third-generation heritage children with second-generation parents. They were tested on a picture-naming task targeting HL vocabulary and on an elicitation task targeting syntax- and discourse-conditioned subject placement. Children's performance on both tasks was predicted by their generation status, with the third generation having significantly lower accuracy than the second and the mixed generations. HL use significantly predicted language outcomes across generations. However, visits to and from the country of origin also mattered. This study shows that HL use in the country of residence is important for HL development, but that it changes as a function of the child's generation. At the same time, the finding that the most vulnerable domains (vocabulary and discourse-conditioned subject placement) benefited from visits to the country of origin highlights the importance of both diversity of and exposure to a variety spoken by more speakers and in different contexts for HL maintenance.

War Trauma as "Social Suffering" in Japan

In Japanese society during and after the war, there has been a long period of repression and denial of trauma in the public sphere. However, in recent years, war trauma and their "social suffering" have become visible through the activities of the children's generation of veterans. In addition, the suffering that occurs in combat and the military cannot be grasped only by the posttraumatic stress disorder model with fear at its core, but "moral injury" related to the violation of moral norms and its long-lasting destructive effects must also be considered in the future.

Artificial Intelligence Impact on Legal, Education and General Rights of Children

The science of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a wide range of methodologies, breakthroughs in machine learning, deep learning, and encourages a paradigm change in almost all areas of the IT sector. AI is utilised in towns for traffic management and safety of the people; in the infirmaries, through applications in equipment that help doctors diagnose diseases; through the application of algorithms in education, which allow for individualised learning. The emergence of AI is a global phenomenon linked to what is frequently referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution. Children are also impacted by the increasing integration of artificial intelligence-based technologies into modern life. The possible influence of AI on children warrants special consideration. We already know that artificial intelligence will affect practically every part of our life, despite the fact that there are still many unsolved questions about it. However, children will be more affected in many ways due to factors such as how they are born, the resources and learning techniques that are available to them, as well as the jobs that they will be trained for. This truth carries enormous opportunities and peril. The issue is that when AI hurts children, the harm will follow them into adulthood and last for a very long period. However, AI for kids has enormous potential for enhancing learning, development, safety, and opportunity. All of these conversations must start right away since children's healthy development is essential to the future prosperity of every country, and disappointing our children's generation would be extremely costly. The purpose of the current article is to examine how AI may, indirectly or directly, affect the lives of children and their educational processes. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Education, Children Rights.

Сравнительный анализ предпочтений в мультипликации детей поколения Z и детей поколения «Альфа»

Сравнительный анализ предпочтений в мультипликации детей поколения Z и детей поколения «Альфа»

Impact of the First Generation of Children's Oncology Group Clinical Trials on Clinical Practice for Wilms Tumor.

Refinements in surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy since the mid-20th century have resulted in a survival rate exceeding 90% for patients with Wilms tumor (WT). Although this figure is remarkable, a significant proportion of patients continue to have event-free survival (EFS) estimates of <75%, and nearly 25% of survivors experience severe chronic medical conditions. The first-generation Children's Oncology Group (COG) renal tumor trials (AREN '0'), which opened to enrollment in 2006, focused on augmenting treatment regimens for WT subgroups with predicted EFS <75% to 80%, including those with the adverse prognostic marker of combined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p/16q, pulmonary metastasis with incomplete lung nodule response after 6 weeks of chemotherapy, bilateral disease, and anaplastic histology. Conversely, therapy was reduced for patient subgroups with good outcomes and potential for long-term toxicity, such as those with lung metastasis with complete lung nodule response after 6 weeks of chemotherapy. This article summarizes the key findings of the first-generation COG renal tumor studies and their implications for clinical practice.

Language Development for the New Generation of Children with Hearing Impairment.

A new generation of children with hearing impairment (HI) has emerged due to the introduction of universal neonatal hearing screening, medical–surgical/technical and educational advances. Aim: Investigation of long-term development of vocabulary and social well-being of children with HI, including children with HI and additional disability. Method and Material: The project design was prospective, longitudinal, and comparative. Level of receptive vocabulary was compared to children with normal hearing, type of hearing technology, gender, additional disability, diagnosis of HI, level of social well-being, and start age for use of hearing technology. A total of 231 children participated. Intervention included early start of hearing technology and three years of auditory–verbal therapy (AVT) at the preschool level, followed by 3 years of AV guidance at the school level. Results: Children with HI scored within the norm for receptive vocabulary but were outperformed by the control group. Children with HI and a diagnosed additional disability scored lower than children without additional disability, in terms of parental assessments of social well-being. Children with additional disabilities showed positive progression in terms of receptive vocabulary development. Conclusions: New generations with HI possess the potential to succeed academically in accordance with individual abilities and become active participants in the working market.

Effect of individuals' forecast for their children's economic environment and satisfaction with their relationships with children on their mortality.

The aim of this study is to evaluate if the risk of mortality among the elderly Korean individuals is associated with any of the two intergenerational variables: participants' forecast for their children's economic environment (FCEE) and participants' satisfaction with their relationship with their children (SRC). Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) conducted between 2006 and 2016 were examined. In total, 9937 individuals were included at baseline. The FCEE and SRC were measured using an 11-point Likert scale, which were stratified into four levels: "negative" (0-2), "Moderately negative" (3-5), "moderately positive" (6-8) and "positive" (9, 10). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios of all-cause mortality across different levels of FCEE and SRC while adjusting for other bio-psycho-social variables. Post-hoc subgroup analyses were conducted to examine how potential confounders contribute to the associations found in our study. Multivariate analyses showed that individuals with more negative FCEE were associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality. Compared with the "positive" FCEE group, the "negative" group showed a 30.6% increase risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio=1.306, 95% confidence interval=1.066-1.601, P= 0.010). The SRC did not exhibit any significant association with the all-cause mortality per multivariate analyses. More negative FCEE was associated with greater all-cause mortality. The FCEE, an individual's appraisal of the financial climate of their children's generation, may be considered a novel correlate of the all-cause mortality in an elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••-•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 568-576.

Does daughter deficit promote paternal substance use? Evidence from China.

China and various other countries have experienced unbalanced sex ratios in the marriage market, which triggers intense competition and pressure to get married. Meanwhile, China has more smokers and drinkers than any other countries in the world. This paper provides evidence on smoking and alcohol use as a stress coping strategy for the competitive marriage market. This paper utilizes two household longitudinal datasets from rural China-a national survey and a regional survey-to examine paternal substance use in response to skewed sex ratios of their children's generation. The longitudinal feature of the two datasets enables us to explore within household variation in smoking and alcohol use. Sex ratios are matched using a 1% sample of the 2000 China Population Census. Strikingly, paternal smoking and alcohol use are more intense for families with a son living in communities with higher sex ratios. In contrast, those with a daughter do not demonstrate this pattern. Coping with the marriage market pressure is a plausible pathway linking the observed skewed sex ratios and intense substance use. High male-to-female sex ratios promote smoking and alcohol drinking among fathers with sons. Considering the highly competitive marriage market in the coming decade and the prevalent substance use that generates lasting health impacts and large negative externalities to society, policies that address the skewed sex ratios could lead to substantial welfare gains.

Automatic Generation of Children's Songs Based on Machine Statistic Learning

In this paper, the automatic generation of children's songs is studied. First of all, according to the number of key lyrics submitted by the songwriter, statistical machine learning is used to expand and obtain more theme-related lyrics, and then the first sentence is generated through the language model automatically. On this basis, the subsequent sentences are generated through the statistical machine learning translation method. In the process of the generation, the statistical machine learning is used to expand the conception of the song, so as to get richer sentence candidates. The main features and contributions of the study are: Firstly, the statistical machine learning translation is put forward as the theoretical basis, the preceding and next sentence relationship of children's songs are mapped into the relation of the source language and target language in the statistical translation model, and the machine statistics learning translation model is designed with the integration of the domain knowledge of songs. Secondly, the statistical machine learning is used in the generation process to expand the lyrics words, thereby enhancing the theme and conception of the song. The experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy, Building Our Children to Be Good Relatives

Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy, Building Our Children to Be Good Relatives Robin Zape-tah-hol-ah Minthorn (bio) INTRODUCTION Motherhood is a term used to describe the ability for a woman figure to take on the role of mother. Mothering on its own is no easy task and requires balance and care. When we examine the added layer of Indigenous identity and motherhood, we become a part of Indigenous motherhood. Holding the sacred role of being an Indigenous mother and then pairing that with a role in the academy combine to create a unique balance of honoring one's identity, which includes the scars of the past and the push against the western culture that pervades higher education institutions. A part of the pushing back includes living our values in the effort to build our children into being good relatives.1 Indigenous communities value relationships as well as the embodiment of our tribal cultures and upbringing. These values are the exact opposite of campus climate and culture at many higher education institutions. In this article, as an Indigenous mother I conceptualize and analyze how Indigenous motherhood is impacted by historical trauma. Then, I move on to how we heal and create a pathway for our children, the seeds of our future. After, I define the concept of Indigenous motherhood and then proceed to discuss Indigenous motherhood in the academy, including ways we can counter the institutional culture while raising children. Finally, I conclude with implications and recommendations. [End Page 62] OVERVIEW OF INDIGENOUS MOTHERHOOD AND THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL TRAUMA In this section, the following areas are discussed: colonization and settlers, boarding school, loss of parenting and languages, forced sterilization, and loss of community. Each of these forces has contributed directly to impact Indigenous motherhood on a broader level, while some continue to manifest in various ways within institutions of higher education. In the discussion of historical trauma, it is not the focus on the past but the naming of that which came from our oppressors and colonizers to help us learn how to heal. Each of those, which are named, also have profoundly impacted the current state of Indigenous motherhood.2 Colonization and Settlers While colonization within the United States began in the 1400s, for some tribal communities that contact began as late as the 1800s and continues to permeate our systematic structures and ways of living daily, including the notion and value of individualism and capitalism. The first onslaught of colonizers in touching ground in the Americas used the spirit of relationship building, which was an inherent part of the Indigenous/tribal peoples' ways of living, in order to decimate and cause harm to our communities.3 The notion of relationships from this point forward was forever impacted within our tribal communities. Settlers' interactions with the community included the physical violation of many women through the rape or trade of women for something of "value," resulting in the dehumanization of women in our communities.4 Not only were the relationships and role of women impacted, but the core values that had at one time guided our communities and societies have been influenced, to some degree, by western and settler cultural values.5 More than 56 percent of Native American and Alaskan Native women have experienced violence in their lifetimes and one in three will have experienced violence over the course of a year.6 Native women face murder rates at ten times the national average as well. The impact that colonization has had on our communities in all parts of the Americas, and specifically the United States, continues to be felt in my generation, my children's generation, and their children's generation. Boarding Schools The first American Indian boarding school was established by Captain Richard Pratt in 1879 as the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.7 This school was one of the first recognized to have forcibly removed Indigenous children from their parents, families, and [End Page 63] communities and assimilated them by cutting their hair, stripping them of their traditional clothing, and "training" them in industrial programs. There were numerous other religious-based, government-supported, or privately owned boarding schools that had attempted...

5. Attitudes on Investment in Descendants: Products of Evolution?

This study aims to examine intergenerational equity (concern for future generations) from a human evolutionary ecology perspective. The extent to which males and females differ in their concern about the welfare of future generations can be interpreted as a product of natural selection. We hypothesized that reproductive advantage is conferred upon males by discounting future generations and focusing on their immediate well being. Given that males potentially have many children, and do not invest the same resources in raising children, it is to their reproductive advantage to focus on the present and their own wellbeing, so that they can continue to reproduce. It is hypothesized that reproductive advantage would be conferred upon females who are concerned about future generations. Females potentially have fewer children and invest more in raising children. It is therefore more to their reproductive advantage to ensure that children survive to adulthood. Using a between‐subjects design online survey, emailed to individuals in the Queen's Community (Students, Staff, Faculty, and Alumni), we asked participants to indicate what proportion of available money ($10, 000 they received by chance) they would allocate to mitigating a hypothetical food crisis (collectivist option) versus to three “individualist” options. Participants were randomly assigned to hypothetical scenarios where the food crisis affected: the participant's generation, their children's generation, their grandchildren's generation, or their great‐ grandchildren's generation. In all four scenarios, we found that males invested significantly less in mitigating the food crisis than females. Additionally, we found that neither males nor females differed significantly between scenarios in the amount they invested in mitigating the food crisis.

Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty and Inequality: Parental Resources and Schooling Attainment and Children's Human Capital in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam.

Academic and policy literatures on intergenerational transmissions of poverty and inequality suggest that improving schooling attainment and income for parents in poor households will lessen poverty and inequality in their children's generation through increased human capital accumulated by their children. However, magnitudes of such effects are unknown. We use data on children born in the 21st century in four developing countries to simulate how changes in parents' schooling attainment and consumption would affect poverty and inequality in both the parent's and their children's generations. We find that increasing minimum schooling or income substantially reduces poverty and inequality in the parent's generation, but does not carry over to reducing poverty and inequality substantially in the children's generation. Therefore, while reductions in poverty and inequality in the parents' generation are desirable in themselves to improve welfare among current adults, they are not likely to have large impacts in reducing poverty and particularly in reducing inequality in human capital in the next generation.

Injuries Among School-aged Children of Immigrants.

In response to a dearth of research on injuries among children of immigrants, this study examined child injury rates by immigrant generation. We used generalized estimating equations and nationally representative data to estimate injury risk for school-aged children of immigrants of different generations compared to children of native, US-born parents. After controlling for multiple other factors including socioeconomic status, citizenship, and children's general health, both 1st and 2nd generation school-aged children had significantly lower odds of having injuries compared to children of natives. Additional analyses also found lower odds of injuries among 1st and 2nd generation children relative to children of natives that persisted in both lower- and higher-income families. The findings suggest that 1st and 2nd generation immigrant families possess factors that protect children from injury independent of socioeconomic status. Policy and program development would benefit from a clearer understanding of these protective factors.

A study on residence condition and residential trend of children's generation in suburban residential area

A study on residence condition and residential trend of children's generation in suburban residential area

Morphological Awareness and Children's Writing: Accuracy, Error, and Invention.

This study examined the relationship between children's morphological awareness and their ability to produce accurate morphological derivations in writing. Fifth-grade U.S. students (n = 175) completed two writing tasks that invited or required morphological manipulation of words. We examined both accuracy and error, specifically errors in spelling and errors of the sort we termed morphological inventions, which entailed inappropriate, novel pairings of stems and suffixes. Regressions were used to determine the relationship between morphological awareness, morphological accuracy, and spelling accuracy, as well as between morphological awareness and morphological inventions. Linear regressions revealed that morphological awareness uniquely predicted children's generation of accurate morphological derivations, regardless of whether or not accurate spelling was required. A logistic regression indicated that morphological awareness was also uniquely predictive of morphological invention, with higher morphological awareness increasing the probability of morphological invention. These findings suggest that morphological knowledge may not only assist children with spelling during writing, but may also assist with word production via generative experimentation with morphological rules during sentence generation. Implications are discussed for the development of children's morphological knowledge and relationships with writing.

Perceived Importance of ICT in Preparing Early Childhood Education Teachers for the New Generation Children

Received December, 18, 2013 Revised February 02, 2014 Accepted April 26, 2014 Children of the present age are born into the world that is highly driven by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). They begin to manipulate ICT materials as soon as they grow old enough to manipulate things. There is need therefore to provide ICT-learning experiences that can aid their holistic development. To do this, early childhood professionals must be positive about the roles of ICT in children’s development. This study therefore investigated the perception of Early Childhood Education (ECE) lecturers and students on the importance of ICT in preparing ECE teachers for the new generation children. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. 10 lecturers and 300 students of ECE were purposively selected as sample. One validated questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Information and Communication Technology” (0.83) was used. Data collected was analysed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that, using ICT in preparation of ECE teachers can help them to facilitate children’s cognitive, physical and social-emotional development, and as well sustain children’s interest in learning. Recommendations include training of all Nigerian ECE lecturers in the use of ICT for teaching and learning and equipment of departments of ECE in Nigerian Colleges of Education and Universities with adequate and relevant ICT materials. Keyword:

A Passion for Gambling: A Generation-Specific Conceptual Analysis and Review of Gambling Among Older Adults in Canada

The proliferation of gambling opportunities in Canada, coupled with an aging population, has led to an increased prevalence of gambling among older adults. Encouraged by this trend, gambling industries have modified their activities to attract and market to this group. Yet, older adults are not a homogeneous group. The life experiences, values, and attitudes shared by generations make a cohort-specific analysis of gambling among older adults a worthwhile pursuit. Drawing from the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 85(4):756-767, 2003), we discuss the role of passion in shaping gambling behaviours, and the implications of a harmonious or obsessive passion on the benefits and risks to two distinct generations of older adults. Based on their generational attributes, we posit that members of the Silent Generation (those born between 1925 and 1942) stand to gain more from the benefits of recreational gambling, but also stand lose more from problem gambling, than their children's generation, the Baby Boomers (those born between 1942 and 1964). Preventative strategies to assist problem gambling seniors, along with recommendations for further research, are discussed.