Children Working Research Articles

민담 속 어머니 유형 연구

In this paper, mothers in our folktales were classified into six types: earth mother, helper, disturber, woman, subject of filial piety, and others. These types are meaningful in that they show the prototype of the mother. To confirm whether these archetypes have the present nature, the 'mother' in children's literature works was analyzed. Focusing on the ‘obstructor’ type, The Birth of Ilsoo and The Frog Who Wouldn’t Listen to Heaven and Earth were examined. Both works could be said to be mothers of the type of obstructor that prevents their children’s growth and independence. In this way, it was possible to confirm the presentness of the mother’s original form of the interrupter through the two works. In the future, other types of mothers in folktales also need to examine the possibility of their present meaning through analysis of their works.

КЫРГЫЗ БАЛДАР АДАБИЯТЫНДА ТУУРАНДЫ СӨЗДӨРДҮН ӨЗГӨЧӨЛҮГҮ

The article examines the phonetic features and stylistic nature ofimitative words presented in Kyrgyz children's works. In Kyrgyz children's literature, many issues of studying words as functionally significant units of language today are not considered in sufficient depth. Ourgoal is to establish linguistic units, phonetic features and stylistic ways of usingimitativewords in children's fiction of the Kyrgyz people. As children acquire language, comparisons include creativity as a recurring component. When describing a child’s linguistic world, it is important to determine the appropriate parameters: people, nature, linguistic world. Among these areas, we noted that the function of comparisons in the world of language is special, andwe examined their problem as a component of the sound system of the language and their stylistic nature using the example of the works of Kyrgyz children. The semantic classification of imitative words in children's literature is also one of the main issues. Therefore, they were divided into groups depending on their importance.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF DETERMINANTS OF CHILD LABOUR IN ODISHA

The objective of the study is to analyse the child labour in Odisha-A conceptual and descriptive, income determinants of child labour and their participation in the workforce at an early age in Khurdha district of Odisha on the basis of primary data. The regression results reveal that family income has significant negative impact on the working hour of the child labour. Family size is a non-economic factor which affect the working hour of child labour significantly. Children’s desire to work has a positive and significant influence on employment of working Children. Child labours are from poor and larger families who are forced to join labour force to supplement the family income. The regression coefficients of physical condition are negative and coefficient of all other variables is positive. Age of becoming child labour is a significant variable. Higher the age of child labour, higher is the income of child labour. KEYWORDS: Age, Child Labour, Family Size, Income, Poverty, Work, Wage.

Языковая игра в ментальных пространствах произведений детской литературы

The aim of the presented study is to define the specifics of applying constructive principles and techniques of language game in modeling mental spaces in children's literature works. The research novelty lies in identifying the potential of language game in modeling denotative spaces of literary texts for children, particularly in creating occasional onyms and toponyms, modeling children's speech, including through the imitation of unintentional word formation in children's language. Language game is viewed not only as a means of modeling mental spaces but also as a tool to immerse a child into the system of language, introduce them to the laws of artistic texts, engage in linguistic creative activities, provoke children to engage in independent language creation, and linguistic experiments. The obtained results have shown that using language game techniques in creating mental spaces in children's literature serves both as a means of expressing the author's intention and as a method of creatively exploring children's language consciousness and mentality.

1941-1945 ЖЫЛДАРДАҒЫ СОҒЫС КЕЗІНДЕГІ ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ БАЛАЛАРДЫҢ КҮНДЕЛІКТІ ЕҢБЕГІ

The article explores the issues of labor children's everyday life in the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War. Labor during the war years became an integral part of children's life in the rear areas of the USSR. Children’s involvement in labor, both domestic and public, was a common practice in the USSR, but during the war years it became an objective necessity. Based on archival data, the authors study the types of pioneers’ social work and schoolchildren in the regions of the Kazakh SSR and their real contribution to the common cause, the role of propaganda and agitation of selfless labor of the younger generation. Based on interview materials the authors investigated the issues of children's labor in everyday life in the cities and rural areas, revealed the specifics of the volume and degree of severity of children's labor depending on the place of their residence, family composition and its material well-being. A unique source for the study of children's labor in everyday life was a boy's diary, where the child told about the hardships and difficulties that befell his family, also his help for the relatives. The authors of the article studied the issues related to the labor education of adolescents at schools of factory tutoring, vocational and railroad institutes, and what was the main reason for the growth in the enrollment of these educational institutions.

Профессиональная подготовка педагогов-дошкольников в Тамбовском крае (1918-1941 гг.)

Introduction. In the context of the ongoing modernization of Russian education, during the implementation of national projects ”Demography”, ”Education” with the opening of new educational institutions, there is an acute shortage of not only school, but also preschool teachers. Along with the tasks of ensuring accessibility of preschool education, updating the content and improving the quality of preschool education, the problem of professional training of teaching staff has become urgent. The training of preschool specialists to solve the personnel issue of the region has been carried out in the Tambov region since the inclusion of preschool education in the state public education system. During this time, a great deal of theoretical and practical experience has been accumulated, which is advisable to rethink and use at a new stage in the implementation of this area of state policy in the field of preschool education. Materials and methods. The main sources of the research were materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, published sources and periodicals. Results. A retrospective analysis of the system of professional training of preschool teachers in the Tambov region in the period from 1918 to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was carried out. The characteristics of various types of educational institutions that train preschool specialists in the Tambov region are given, giving an idea of the formation of a state multi-level system of professional pedagogical training of specialists in preschool education: training in short-term and long-term courses, in pedagogical technical schools, in universities. Attention is focused on the dependence of the duration, forms, methods and content of professional training on changes in the directions of state policy, as well as under the influence of socio-economic conditions of life in the country. Conclusion. It is concluded that in the Tambov region in the period from 1918 to 1941, professional training was carried out, first of all, for practical workers of preschool institutions (kindergarten teachers and workers of children's summer playgrounds) through the organization of course training, as well as in secondary specialized educational institutions (since 1923). The experience of university training was short-lived (1918- 1923) and was associated with the opening and subsequent reorganization of Tambov State University.

Labor in the game: The way of children's labor education

Labor in the game: The way of children's labor education

TOOLS FOR TESTİNG THE LEVEL OF CREATİVİTY

Creativity is one of the most important requirements of today's society, which requires a certain degree of flexibility and originality from its employees. School should prepare children not only for further studies, but also for life in today's society. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and constantly develop the level of creativity of children in primary schools (Honzíková, 2015). The aim of this article is not to present the results of research on creative abilities, but to show test tools for determining the level of creative abilities. Different test instruments are used to determine children's and adults' creative abilities, the authors present in the article Torranco's Figural Test of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1966), Urban's Test of Creative Thinking (Urban, 2004) and Pattern Assembly Test (Novotný, 2012). The examples of test aids given in the article are supplemented by examples of children's works. The full results of the individual researches are published in the publications at the given links. Nowadays, it is also possible to use a virtual form of testing to determine the level of creative abilities, which can be more attractive for respondents. In our article, there is an example of testing creative abilities using 3D modeling in the SketchUp program (Fadrhonc, 2021). The article can help novice researchers to choose the right test for determining the level of creative abilities of respondents.

Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being

Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being

Особенности качества жизни детей, проживающих в различных социальных условиях

Aim. To study and evaluate the quality of life of primary school-age children living in different social conditions due to marital status in Lugansk. Design. A prospective cohort non-randomized study was conducted. Materials and methods. A survey of 222 children aged 7-10 years was conducted. Depending on the living conditions of children, 3 groups were identified: group I - 74 children living in dysfunctional families (36 boys and 38 girls); group II - 62 children raised in an orphanage in Lugansk (32 boys and 30 girls) and group III - 86 children from full, prosperous families (40 boys and 46 girls). To study the quality of life of children living and being brought up in various social conditions, the international questionnaire Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 was used. Results. The study showed that the lowest indicators of quality of life in terms of physical functioning were observed in children from disadvantaged families. In terms of emotional functioning, boys brought up in an orphanage had the lowest rates. The children of the orphanage had higher scores in terms of social functioning and school functioning, compared with children from disadvantaged families. The highest results of psychosocial health were observed in children from prosperous families. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need for dynamic supervision of doctors, psychologists, social workers for children from social risk groups, as well as involving not only parents, but also teachers in the work of education in order to create optimal conditions for school and social adaptation. Keywords: children, quality of life, social conditions.

Condition of child labour in restaurant

This research study was carried out to reflect Child Labourer's condition in Restaurants of Sundhara which is situated in Kathmandu Metropolitan city. This study is focused on child labourers in restaurants of Sundhara. Till date nobody has made it a research area to carry out a child labourer's condition. Both descriptive and analytical research design has been used in this research. The initiative has been taken to include both qualitative and quantitative data statistics in the research. In this study, data were collected by using purposive sampling method of child labour worked in Restaurants Kathmandu Metropolitan city Sundhara. 30 Child labourers have been involved for the research. Both primary and secondary data has been collected for the study. The collected data has been presented in tabulated from data obtained in numeric form have been presented with number and percentage forming a table and data which are not obtained in numeric form have been presented in descriptive way. The sector of child labour in Nepal basically in Sundhara, Kathmandu the situation of child labourers was found so pathetic. Children are working in poor condition without having proper food, proper place to stay and sleep no rest while working and more above that children are not getting any education for their bright future. Though there are lots of NGOs and INGOs working in the child sector but the situation of children is not progressive way.

Prevalence of Economic Exploitation, Education, and Social Relationship of Child Labourer: A Quantitative Study on Barishal City, Bangladesh

The goal of this study was to expand the present understanding of the plight of child labourers who work in dangerous environments by discovering issues that are related to education and social relationships. The study presents the current situation of child labourers’ rights, as well as their working environment and family in Bangladesh. The study’s approach was based on both primary and secondary data. A sample survey was undertaken to gather primary field data once the relevant data was gathered from secondary sources. On the basis of the questionnaire, data were gathered, and the study’s sample was purposefully chosen. The study’s key findings show that both at work and at home, child labourers are highly exploited by both their employers and families. This study makes the case that the exploitation of child labourers can be stopped by raising public awareness, implementing measures to improve working conditions, establishing children’s rights, and working with GOs and NGOs to end child labour. Child work stands out as a flagrant violation of human rights. The socioeconomic situation in Bangladesh makes it a dismal reality, though.

Health of Parents, Their Children's Labor Supply, and the Role of Migrant Care Workers

Health of Parents, Their Children's Labor Supply, and the Role of Migrant Care Workers

Women and Girl Child Labour in the Bangle Industry of Hyderabad, India

The present paper attempts to see the women and child worker in the old city of Hyderabad in the Bangle industry. Women make up a sizable portion of India’s labour force, yet they are paid less and have less secure jobs than men. As a result, many of these mothers choose to earn an income for their families by working from home. Women who work in the informal sector work with minimum pay and hence the girl child is an easy prey to assist the mother in supplementing the income and helping in the household chores so that more time is left to pursue the trade for an income. Our sample includes 100 women respondents and 150 girls. Being in the unregulated, home-based informal sector has made it challenging to organize the employees, leaving the bulk of bangle-makers in precarious positions both at work and at home. The increasing number of children, especially girls, who are taking part in the production of bangles is also a cause for alarm. It would appear that the piece rate method of payment and the fact that the work may be done from home encourage the participation of family members, including children, in the labour force.

Investigation of Social Construction of Violence and Exploitation: A Case Study of Children and Women in Gowa Regency, Indonesia

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate social construction of children and women within the cycle of violence and exploitation in the Gowa Regency, Indonesia. Theoritical Framework: The high incidence of violence against children and women is a worrying concern in Gowa Regency, Indonesia. In this context, the influence of power and the operation of social constructs contribute to the increased occurrences related to the internalization of values within a society. Previous results were analyzed from a medical perspective but did not examine this crime as part of social construction. Method: A case study method was used by conducting interviews with 18 children and women in the regency. The data analysis method was conducted in stages: (1) thematic analysis of interview results to identify main categories related to violence against children and women, (2) analysis of the main themes in each sample; (3) cross-theme analysis to determine commonalities and differences, allowing for the generalization of themes across the three cases, children labor exploitation, and women as victims of divorce. Result and Conclusion: The results showed that there was a distressing phenomenon of children being socially constructed as sex workers. A critical contributing factor to verbal violence against women in households is the normalization of such violence by husbands within the framework of marital relationships. Implication of Research: The process of social construction, with its stages of internalization, objectification, and externalization, preserved the image of women as victims of violence within the confines of official marriages. Originality/value: This study presented the theoretical concept of violence against children and women at a substantive level.

A conceptual analysis of system responses to the issue of problematic sexual behaviors in children and recommendations for future work in Children's Advocacy Center multidisciplinary teams.

Problematic sexual behavior (PSB) in children is a common, yet frequently misunderstood and mishandled issue facing communities. Because of the intersection of children both causing harm and being harmed, societies across the globe struggle with whether to punish or support during these times. For Children's Advocacy Centers (CACs), whose mandate it is to support victimized children, this tension is exacerbated. CACs have historically relied on identifying a "perpetrator" and "victim" when providing their services, however PSB displaying youth do not fit this classic dichotomy. Compared with other children, PSB displaying youth are more likely to experience greater incidents and types of violent childhood trauma, have increased parent instability, decreased familial support, and struggle with co-occurring mental health diagnoses. Due to the stigma and fear surrounding sexual behaviors in children and systemic barriers including varied definitions of PSB, uncertainty regarding how to respond within the context of child-serving roles, and the criminalization of children's behaviors, access to supportive services is complicated and challenging. Treatment completion rates for this population are as low as 13%, despite most methods being short-term, non-invasive, and community based. This conceptual analysis paper identifies five key themes in the literature that influence these barriers and proposes an interdisciplinary approach for CAC multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) to better support this vulnerable population.

A Study on the Application of Folk Song Style in Chinese Children's Piano music

With China's economic development and emphasis on quality education and art education, the cultivation and education of children's music literacy has been widely popularized in every family, and the piano, as an important music education tool, plays a vital role in children's music cultivation and the development of comprehensive ability. In the context of the development of piano music in China, Chinese children's piano works have a unique and important position in piano teaching. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of Chinese children's piano works in piano teaching, the correlation between folk song style piano works and children's piano teaching, and discuss the important role and influence of folk song style piano works in children's piano teaching, as well as put forward corresponding teaching methods and strategies.

Study of functional fatigue in surgeons and nurses of children's medical organizations

Introduction. The impact of high work stress loads on medical workers of children's medical organizations contributes to the formation of fatigue and overwork, especially in modern working conditions, which determines the relevance of these studies.
 The study aims to develop methodological approaches to the quantitative assessment of functional fatigue under the influence of neuropsychiatric and visually stressful loads in medical workers for the differentiated justification of preventive 
 measures.
 Materials and methods. The researchers conducted comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of medical workers in various work activities (in pediatric intensive care, surgery), aimed at hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process, physiological study of the state of the cardiovascular system with the study of the characteristics of the response to functional load (ECG registration on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring). The authors have studied the physiological state of the central nervous system and the visual analyzer according to generally accepted methods. We have carried out a total of 2,700 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. Static processing of the received data was carried out using statistical programs STATISTICA 10, Microsoft Excel 2010.
 Results. Medical workers have high nervous-emotional and visual loads when watching video terminal screens. This leads to negative dynamics of the time of perception of sequential contrast (TPSC), a decrease in visual function. The time of onset and the depth of adverse changes depend on the degree of intensity of visual labor.
 We have established the same level of effectiveness of the functions of concentration of attention, short-term memory, perception of simple and complex visual signals in the daytime and at night. The daily curve of indicators does not correspond to the natural curve of the daily rhythm.
 Surgeons and nurses had a strain on the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, a slowdown in the recovery period of all indicators after functional load in the night shift compared with daytime hours of work.
 Conclusion. Pronounced loads on the visual analyzer when watching video terminal screens against the background of nervous and emotional labor stress are the leading professional factors and determine the formation of the functional state of overwork of the first degree in nurses and the second degree in surgeons.
 Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical personnel in the intensive care unit.
 Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021).

Causes and Consequences of Child Labour on Children’s Health: A Case Study of Afghan’s Refugee Child Labourer in Peshawar

This study focuses on exploring the causes and consequences of child labour on children's health among Afghan’s refugees living in Peshawar. Data were collected from 100 child labour respondents through in-depth interviews from an area of research, and results were drawn through analysis to reach a conclusion. This study found that these child labour respondents have body aches, headaches and joint pain, skin disease, eye problems, coughing, and tiredness, are affected by large family size, facing harassment at the workplace that torcher them physically and mentally as there is no such mechanism that can cure their illness or address their harassment issue. Long working hours, less rest, and heavy loads affect their health negatively. Due to a lack of money and time, these children cannot visit doctors. Even if a doctor's check is free of cost, they do not purchase medicine. These children often rely upon homemade medicine, which is offered by their families. Therefore, this study found that health issues among child labour respondents are a common phenomenon, and treatment issues need to be resolved for their health and their future.

Promptness in seeking treatment from Village Health workers for children under five years with malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia in rural southwestern Uganda

BackgroundVillage Health Workers (VHWs) in Uganda provide treatment for the childhood illness of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea through the integrated community case management (iCCM) strategy. Under the strategy children under five years receive treatment for these illnesses within 24 h of onset of illness. This study examined promptness in seeking treatment from VHWs by children under five years with malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea in rural southwestern Uganda.MethodsIn August 2022, a database containing information from the VHWs patient registers over a 5-year study period was reviewed (2014–2018). A total of 18,430 child records drawn from 8 villages of Bugoye sub-county, Kasese district were included in the study. Promptness was defined a caregiver seeking treatment for a child from a VHW within 24 h of onset of illness.ResultsSixty-four percent (64%) of the children included in the study sought treatment promptly. Children with fever had the highest likelihood of seeking prompt treatment (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.80–2.06, p < 0.001) as compared to those with diarrhoea (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.32–1.52, p < 0.001) and pneumonia (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.24–1.42, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings provide further evidence that VHWs play a critical role in the treatment of childhood illness in rural contexts. However, the proportion of children seeking prompt treatment remains below the target set at the inception of the iCCM strategy, in Uganda. There is a need to continually engage rural communities to promote modification of health-seeking behaviour, particularly for children with danger signs. Evidence to inform the design of services and behaviour change communication, can be provided through undertaking qualitative studies to understand the underlying reasons for decisions about care-seeking in rural settings. Co-design with communities in these settings may increase the acceptability of these services.