Children's Socioemotional Development Research Articles

Predicting the development of dependency on the teacher in late childhood: The role of peer victimization and peer beliefs

AbstractEvidence indicates that being overly dependent on the teacher places children's academic and socioemotional development at risk. However, little is known about what predicts dependency on the teacher or how the quality of interactions occurring within the classroom peer system may impact how children relate to their teacher the following school year. The current study tested the proposition that peer victimization may result in negative perceptions of classmates (i.e., peer beliefs), leading to overreliance on teachers. Data were collected from 365 children in the fall and spring of their third/fourth grade year and the fall of their fourth/fifth grade year (195 girls; Mage = 8.92 years; 86.8% white). Peer‐reports of peer victimization and self‐reports of peer beliefs were collected at each wave of the study. Teacher‐reports of dependency were collected in the fall of the first and second years of the study. Path analyses showed that for boys peer victimization directly predicted higher levels of dependency on the next year's teacher, and, for boys and girls, peer victimization indirectly predicted dependency through lower levels of prosocial peer beliefs. Supplemental analyses assessing teacher‐child conflict and closeness confirmed that findings were unique to dependency. These results underscore how children's perceptions of their classmates may contribute to dependency in their relationships with teachers and highlight the need for further research into the transactional and cumulative impact of difficulties within peer and teacher relationships.

Lively Minds: improving health and development through play–a randomised controlled trial evaluation of a comprehensive ECCE programme at scale in Ghana

IntroductionMany children in developing countries grow up in environments that lack stimulation, leading to deficiencies in early years of development. Several efficacy trials of early childhood care and education (ECCE)...

Marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and family alliance: Parental perspective taking as a moderator.

Research has shown that family alliance (FA), operationalized as the quality of mother-father-child triadic interactions, is important for child socioemotional development. However, few studies have investigated the predictors of FA, and there are few longitudinal studies available. Accordingly, this study first examined whether mothers' and fathers' marital satisfaction and parenting stress during infancy predicted FA five years later, when their children entered kindergarten. Second, the moderating role of both parents' perspective-taking capacity as a moderator of these longitudinal associations was examined. The study was conducted with 113 intact families (mother-father-child). Marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and perspective taking were reported by both parents and FA was assessed by observation. Contrary to expectations, neither parent's marital satisfaction or parenting stress was directly related to family alliance. However, significant moderating effects were found for both parents' perspective taking, such that higher paternal and maternal parenting stress predicted poorer FA only among parents with relatively lower perspective-taking capacities. These findings suggest that some aspects of the quality of family interactions when children enter school can be predicted by mothers' and fathers' personal dispositions assessed as early as five years prior.

Model Stimulasi dan Resiliensi terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 3- 5 tahun

Statistical data from the Covid 19 task force in Surabaya confirmed that the death rate for COVID-19 cases until February 2021 reached 1,276 from a cumulative number of 19,089 confirmed COVID-19 and most of the deaths were 42 years old. This condition caused fear, especially in the elderly, and families with children, toddlers, and families with newborns who are at risk of mental health crises, thus requiring the development of a resilience framework to develop a stimulation model for children's social-emotional development based on cultural values and beliefs. This study aimed to determine the model of parental stimulation and resilience and their effect on children's social and emotional development. This research is a survey with a cross-sectional approach, totality sampling is 300 respondents, the instrument uses a questionnaire, while the social-emotional uses the Social Diversity Questionnaire. Test analysis using SEM modeling. The results of the stimulation model have a positive influence on children's socio-emotional development of 0.78 with a t-count value of 4.556 and p-value=0.001. The resilience stage model has a t-count value of 4.987 and a path coefficient of 0.92 with a p-value=0.001. The resilience stage has a positive influence on the stimulation model of 0.57 with a t-count value of 3.245 and a p-value 0.001. Activities to stimulate the development of children at the age of 5 years can be done by making work together with parents with resilience conditions in the recovery stage.

School Climate, Cortical Structure, and Socioemotional Functioning: Associations across Family Income Levels.

School climates are important for children's socioemotional development and may also serve as protective factors in the context of adversity. Nevertheless, little is known about the potential neural mechanisms of such associations, as there has been limited research concerning the relation between school climate and brain structure, particularly for brain regions relevant for mental health and socioemotional functioning. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the role of school climate differs depending on children's socioeconomic status. We addressed these questions in baseline data for 9- to 10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (analytic sample for socioemotional outcomes, n = 8887), conducted at 21 sites across the United States. Cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume were derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. School climate was measured by youth report, and socioemotional functioning was measured by both youth and parent report. A positive school climate and higher family income were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with no evidence of moderation. There were no associations between school climate and cortical thickness or subcortical volume, although family income was positively associated with hippocampal volume. For cortical surface area, however, there was both a positive association with family income and moderation: There was an interaction between school climate and income for total cortical surface area and locally in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In all cases, there was an unexpected negative association between school climate and cortical surface area in the lower-income group. Consequently, although the school climate appears to be related to better socioemotional function for all youth, findings suggest that the association between a positive school environment and brain structure only emerges in the context of socioeconomic stress and adversity. Longitudinal data are needed to understand the role of these neural differences in socioemotional functioning over time.

Video feedback parent-infant intervention for mothers experiencing enduring difficulties in managing emotions and relationships: A randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Parents experiencing mental health difficulties consistent with "personality disorder", often related to a history of complex trauma, may face increased challenges in parent-child relationships and child socioemotional development. There are no published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating perinatal parent-child interventions for this population. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking an RCT of the video feedback intervention for positive parenting adapted for perinatal mental health (VIPP-PMH). Feasibility study incorporating a pilot RCT. Mothers with enduring difficulties in managing emotions and relationships, consistent with a "personality disorder", and their 6- to 36-month old infants were randomly allocated to receive six sessions of VIPP-PMH (n=20) or usual care alone (n=14). 76% of eligible mothers consented to participate. Intervention uptake and completion rates were 95% (≥1 VIPP-PMH session) and 70% (6 sessions), respectively. Follow-up rates were 85% at month 5 and 65% at month 8 post-baseline. Blinded observer-ratings of maternal sensitivity in parent-child interaction favoured the intervention group at month 5 (RR=1.94, 95% CI 0.67-5.63) and month 8 (RR=1.91, 95% CI 0.68-5.33). Small changes over time in self-rated parenting confidence and stress favoured the intervention group. There were no clear intervention effects on maternal non-intrusiveness or mental health, or on child behaviour problems, emotional functioning, or self-regulation. An RCT of VIPP-PMH is feasible and acceptable to implement with mothers experiencing difficulties consistent with perinatal "personality disorder". A fully powered definitive RCT should be undertaken.

Home learning environment and out-of-home activities: their relations to prosocial behaviour and peer relationships in primary school children

There is consensus that child socio-emotional development is influenced by various contexts, such as the family one. Research on influencing factors on child socio-emotional skills mainly investigated the effects of home learning environment, whereas the effects of out-of-home activities were often analysed mainly in samples of adolescents. The present study aimed to shed light on effects of preschool home learning environment and out-of-home activities on two facets of socio-emotional skills at the beginning of primary school: Prosocial behaviour and peer relationships. The information on the child prosocial behaviour and peer relationships at preschool age was included with the aim to control for most of the differences across children. Using data from a large sample of children (N = 1,818; Mage = 7.08 years, SD = 0.15; 49.9% girls), results of regression analyses show significant effects of out-of-home activities on prosocial behaviour after controlling a range of child- and family-related influencing factors on prosocial behaviour as well as prosocial behaviour at preschool age. The effects of home learning environment were significant after controlling a range of child- and family-related influencing factors on both facets of socio-emotional skills but became nonsignificant after taking into account respective behaviour at preschool age. The results of the present study suggest that fostering participation in out-of-home activities might contribute to an increase of prosocial behaviour in primary school children.

Effectiveness of family-centered program for enhancing competencies of responsive parenting among caregivers for early childhood development in rural India

BackgroundResponsive parenting constitutes an essential part of the context in which children live and has shown a positive effect on child development in the early years of life. AimsThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of family parenting programs for enhancing competencies of responsive parenting among caregivers. Study designCluster-RCT in 50 Anganwadi center areas. Twenty-five intervention clusters received responsive parenting intervention. Anganwadi workers delivered sessions after support and training. SubjectsWe enrolled 530 mother-child dyads; 264 (49.9 %) from the intervention arm and 266 (50.1 %) from the control arm. Outcome measuresWe assessed caregivers' knowledge and skills about child development using a parenting quiz. We evaluated the effect of an intervention on the home environment, mother-child interaction, and development outcomes at the endpoint. ResultsWe conducted 200 parenting sessions in 25 intervention clusters. Caregivers attended, on average, five sessions out of the nine scheduled. Caregivers with improved knowledge and skills about nutrition, shelter & care, play & stimulation for responsive parenting were significantly more in the intervention than in the control arm (p < 0.05). Mean difference in scores of home environment (1.24; SE-0.75 & ICC-0.088) and mother to child interaction (2.36; SE-0.87 & ICC-0.023) motor development (1.71; SE-0.61 & ICC-0.002), language development (2.97; SE-0.85 & ICC-0.002) and socioemotional development (1.45; SE-0.56 & ICC-0.066) between intervention and control arm was statistically significant (p < 0.05). ConclusionsA locally adapted, family parenting curriculum was a practical approach for enhancing parents' competencies and confidence to promote early child development.

Investigating the direct and indirect associations between birth intervals and child growth and development: A cross-sectional analysis of 13 Demographic and Health Surveys

There is considerable literature on the associations of short birth intervals with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, less is known about the associations with child growth and development. In this study, we investigated the associations between birth intervals and child growth and development and examined child illness, child diet, and maternal stimulation as potential mechanisms. We pooled Demographic and Health Survey data on 8300 children aged 36–59 months from 13 countries (Benin, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Haiti, Honduras, Rwanda, Senegal, Timor-Leste, Togo, and Uganda). Longer birth interval was defined as a preceding birth interval ≥33 months. Child growth was assessed using height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). Child cognitive and socio-emotional development were measured using the Early Childhood Development Index. Child morbidity was defined as any illness in the past two weeks. Child diet was assessed using dietary diversity score and maternal stimulation by the number of stimulation activities. We used generalised linear models to estimate associations between longer birth intervals and child growth and development. Structural equation modelling was used to assess direct and indirect effects. In our sample, 44% of children had a preceding birth interval ≥33 months, 42% were stunted, 25% were cognitively off-track, and 33% socio-emotionally off-track. Longer birth intervals were associated with higher HAZ (mean difference 0.23 (95% CI 0.14, 0.32)) and socio-emotional development (relative risk (RR) 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.09), but not cognitive development (RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.98, 1.06). We observed no significant indirect effects via child illness, child dietary diversity, or maternal stimulation. Although longer birth intervals were beneficial for child growth and socio-emotional development, we found no empirical support for the biological and behavioural mechanisms we explored. Additional research is needed to investigate alternative mechanisms to elucidate underlying processes and inform future interventions.

Teknik Permainan Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak

This study aims to answer whether the application of group games can improve children's social emotional development. This study uses pre-experimental research techniques with one group pre-test post-test design. The method of data collection in the study used an observation instrument. The research subjects consisted of 8 students who had not optimal social-emotional development. The results showed that the socio-emotional development of children in TKQ MALNU increased after being given treatment with group games. Based on the results of the average pre-test and post-test, there is an average difference of 0.74 which defines that group games are effective for improving the social emotional development of children in TKQ MALNU.

Early Childhood’s Dynamics of Socio-Emotional Development: COVID-19 Pandemic vs Post COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose – The limited interaction among children in early childhood learning during the COVID-19 pandemic causes the lack of fulfilment of children’s socio-emotional development. This study aims at analyzing the dynamics of socio-emotional development occurred in TK Nurul Islam during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methods/approach – The research design of this study is qualitative research. The data are collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Then, the data are analyzed using Milles and Huberman models. To test the validity of the data, source triangulation and technical triangulation are used.Findings – The findings of this study explain that the socio-emotional development of children in TK Nurul Islam during the pandemic has not developed well. Some habitual actions encouraged by teachers —such as smiling, greetings, memorizing some short surahs, mentoring students, and having fun learning are able to stimulate children’s socio-emotional development after the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, children’s socio-emotional development after the COVID-19 pandemic can develop well as expected.Research implications/limitations – This study is only limited on the aspects of early childhood’s socio-emotional development.Practical implications – This study contributes to the knowledge and provides the examples of teachers’ practice in developing children’s socio-emotional development in early childhood education institutions.Originality/value – Research can be used as an evaluation to develop children’s socio-emotional development during the pandemic and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Paper type: Research paper

Perkembangan Sosio-Emosional Anak Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Since March 2020 Covid-19 began to enter Indonesia, elderly people, and people with medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease, lung disease, or cancer disease, are usually more prone to becoming seriously ill (Kemenkes). , 2020). Since the pandemic status was established, the government has imposed restrictions on community activities, including teaching and learning activities in schools. Learning from home activities makes children unable to carry out their activities at school. The covid-19 pandemic has lasted for 2 years, children who at the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic were at the level of Early Childhood Education, now they are at the elementary school level. This means that so far they have not experienced face-to-face activities at school to the fullest. This prompted researchers to conduct research related to the socio-emotional development of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, to get an overview of the conditions of children's socio-emotional development during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. As for the data collection, researchers used structured interviews through instruments that have been provided by researchers to know the socio-emotional development of children. With data sources, namely 3 parents who have children who are sitting in elementary school grade 1 and 2 teachers who teach in grade 1 elementary school.

Mother-Child Social Cognition Among Multicultural Families in South Korea.

ObjectiveDespite the rapidly growing number of multicultural families in South Korea, factors influencing parenting and mother-child interactions have not been well-understood. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to have examined how maternal social-cognitive capacity is associated with children's social cognition (e.g., theory of mind and emotion recognition) among multicultural families dwelling in South Korea.MethodsForty-seven multicultural mother-child dyads were recruited. The comprehensive measures on social cognition were administered to both the mothers and children, and social functioning and emotion regulation were administered to the children.ResultsA series of hierarchical regressions indicated that mothers' social cognition significantly explained children's ability to recognize static and dynamic emotional expressions, accounting for 27 and 34% of the variance, respectively. Furthermore, mothers' social cognition was significantly correlated to children's social functioning and emotion regulation. However, mothers' social cognition and children's theory of mind were non-significantly related.DiscussionThe current study examined the effects of social cognition of immigrant mothers on their children's socio-emotional development. As the findings indicated an important role of maternal factors (i.e., social cognition) for children's social cognition and their functions, psycho-social approaches (e.g., social cognition parenting education and training) should be incorporated in services for multicultural families.

Behavioral change promotion, cash transfers and early childhood development: Experimental evidence from a government program in a low-income setting

Signs of development delays and malnutrition are widespread among young children in low-income settings. Social protection programs such as cash transfers are increasingly combined with behavioral change promotion or parenting interventions to improve early childhood development. This paper disentangles the effects of behavioral change promotion from cash transfers to poor households through an experiment embedded in a government program in Niger. The study is also designed to identify within-community spillovers from the behavioral change intervention. The findings show that behavioral change promotion affects a range of practices related to nutrition, health, stimulation, and child protection. Moderate gains in children's socio-emotional development are observed, but there is no improvement in anthropometrics or cognitive development. Cash transfers alone do not alter parenting practices or improve early childhood development. Cash transfers raise food security and consumption at the household level, including the purchase of non-food items privately consumed by adults. The behavioral intervention offsets these changes and instead improves children's food security, pointing to some intra-household reallocations toward children. Local spillovers on parenting practices are found, which further highlights that cash alone is not the main driver of changes in parenting behaviors.

How are mothers negatively affected and supported by following parenting-related Instagram profiles? A mixed-methods study

Many parents use social media to seek knowledge about child development and parenting, but parents are an understudied population in social media research. In this study, we use a mixed-methods approach to examine mothers' experience of following three different types of Instagram profiles: InstaParents, i.e. influencers sharing their personal experiences with parenthood, professional profiles disseminating knowledge about parenting and child development, and a university-based profile disseminating knowledge about child socioemotional development. The participants were 270 mothers with children aged 0–6 years, who completed an online questionnaire regarding their experience and use of Instagram. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to examine associations between mothers' social comparison orientation and their experience of following the different types of profiles. Content analysis of mothers' responses to open-ended questions was used to examine how mothers were negatively affected and supported by the different profiles. Results showed that mothers with higher levels of social comparison orientation were more negatively affected by following all three types of profiles, but also more supported by following InstaParents. The content analysis suggested that mothers were negatively affected by InstaParents by making upward comparisons and supported by making horizontal comparisons. Mothers were supported by professional profiles, including the university-based profile, by improved knowledge, but these profiles could also lead to a decreased sense of parenting competence. Results inform professionals in relation to how to support mothers through content on Instagram and how to talk to mothers about their digital use and well-being.

Analisis Korelasi Kelas Orang Tua (Parenting) dengan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak di Lembaga PAUD Mumtaz

This study aims to analyze the correlation between parenting class and the socio-emotional development of children in PAUD Mumtaz, East Lombok Regency. This research method uses a correlational method with a quantitative approach. The research sample was 56 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire, documentation, and observation. The data analysis technique uses statistical analysis with the product moment correlation formula. Based on the results of the analysis of the value of rcount (product moment) obtained in this study is 0.22, while the value of rcount in the table with a significance level of 5% and N = 56 is 0.22, or (0.22&lt;0.26), the data This indicates that the rcount value obtained in this study is smaller than the table rcount value. So it can be concluded that there is no correlation between parenting class and children's social and emotional development at PAUD Mumtaz.

Narrative coherence and emotion regulation in children exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences

The early exposure to Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE), puts children's socio-emotional development in jeopardy and can entail long term deleterious aftermaths on their bio-psycho-social health. Although being able to integrate emotions coherently into personal narratives facilitates the elaboration of the experience and helps well-being, the prerequi-sites for narrative emotion regulation are compromised in adverse situations where the interactions with the caregivers are dysfunctional or dangerous. The current paper will address the developmental issues in narrative emotion regulation encountered by children reared in adverse environments and it will illustrate how scaffolding children to coherently integrate emotional evaluations and further perspectives in their personal narratives might help them to cope with the potentially traumatic aftermaths of ACEs.

459 Parenting Stress and Drinking to Cope Association with Early Childhood Risk Behaviors

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parent stress and coping impacts reward and motivation circuits during child development which influence self-regulation. One well known maladaptive coping response is alcohol or drinking-to-cope (DTC). This study assessed differences in stress and child behaviors among DTC parents as compared to non-DTC parents. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Baseline data was used from parents of a 2-5-year-old who were screened for a larger study assessing a mindfulness-based parent stress reduction intervention to improve healthy choices for themselves and their families. The sample included 172 parent-child dyads, mean parent age was 34.4 (6.1) years old, 56.3% white, mean child age was 3.6 (1.2) years old, 52.3% male. Subjective stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), parent-specific stress was assessing using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), DTC was assessed using the COPE inventory, and child behaviors were assessed using the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment. To investigate the differences in stress and child behaviors between DTC parents and non-DTC parents independent samples t-tests were conducted. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: DTC was significantly correlated with PSS (r= 0.23, p&lt;.01), PSI (r= 0.26, p&lt;.01), child self-control (r= -0.16, p= .03), child attention problems (r= 0.22, p&lt;.01), and total behavioral concerns (r= 0.16, p=.04). After excluding those who do not drink alcohol at all, we found significantly higher perceived stress among DTC parents (M= 27.83, SD= 9.79) compared to non-DTC parents (M= 23.79, SD= 8.40), t(80)= 2.02, p= .02. For children, we found significantly higher aggression scores for children of DTC parents (M= 47.16, SD= 31.69) compared to children of non-DTC parents (M=35.83, SD=25.72), t(84)= 1.83, p= .04. And greater attention problems among children of DTC parents (M= 73.97, SD= 26.77) compared to children of non-DTC parents (M= 56.71, SD= 34.09), t(84)=2.63, p=.01. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Stress and DTC may contribute to negative behaviors in children. An intervention designed to decrease stress and increase adaptive coping mechanism in parents could benefit health child socioemotional and behavioral development. Future analyses will examine third variable effects in the relationship between stress, coping, and child behaviors.

Testing the association between the early parent–child relationship and teacher reported socio-emotional difficulties at 11 years: a quantile mediation analysis

The importance of the relationship between socio-emotional difficulties in childhood and adult mental health are well recognised but how such difficulties emerge is less well recognised. Specifically this paper explores the extent of the relationship between parenting beliefs in the first year of the child’s life, parenting skills reported when the child was three years and different quantiles of socio-emotional development recorded by teachers at 11 years. In addition, it explores the extent to which language development at school entry has the potential to mediate these relationships. This paper draws on data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) to investigate the relation between parenting attitudes when the child was ten months old and parent–child relationship when the child was three years of age to child socio-emotional development measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 11 years, and the mediating role of naming vocabulary measured on the British Abilities Scales (BAS) at school entry (five years). Unadjusted associations were found for both parental factors on child mental health problems, but this did not hold for parent beliefs once the models were adjusted. The relationships varied in the quantile analysis suggesting that this approach adds to our understanding of these relationships. Vocabulary at school entry mediated the relation to socio-emotional difficulties especially for children with higher levels of mental health problems. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms in any intervention to improve mental health outcomes at the end of primary school.

Prenatal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and early childhood socioemotional development.

Antibiotic exposure in pregnancy is associated with reduced microbiome diversity in the infant gut. Given that recent research has shown that early microbiome health can impact child socioemotional development, we examined the relationship between prenatal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and childhood socioemotional developmental outcomes using a large, nationally representative longitudinal dataset. A sample of 4800 diverse families were assessed from the population cohort of the Growing Up in New Zealand Study (GUiNZ), which prospectively follows children starting in the last trimester of pregnancy into early childhood. Socioemotional development was measured using a composite score derived from seven commonly used socioemotional tasks administered between 9months and 4.5years of child age, addressing emotional expression understanding, regulation of emotions and behavior, and social problem solving and relationship skills. A national comprehensive pharmaceutical database was used to determine children's prenatal antibiotic exposure. Multivariate linear regressions models were used to examine the effects of the timing (trimester) and dosage (number of courses) of prenatal antibiotic exposure on socioemotional development, with and without statistically adjusting for confounding factors addressing maternal health, socioeconomic status, maternal age, and child sex. In unadjusted analyses, antibiotic exposure was inversely associated with child socioemotional development. However, after statistically adjusting for important confounds, socioemotional development was not associated with prenatal antibiotic exposure at any dosage or trimester of pregnancy (all β≤-0.02). Prenatal antibiotic exposure does not appear to impact early childhood socioemotional development. Maternal health and sociodemographic factors are confounded with antibiotic exposure and socioemotional development, a fact that should be considered in future research examining the effects of prenatal antibiotic exposure on child health. These findings may be reassuring to families who are concerned about the long-term effects of antibiotics in pregnancy on child health outcomes.