Children's Regulation Research Articles

Gamification in Mobile Applications: The Regulation of Children’s Course Games by Commensurability Education System

Gamification in Mobile Applications: The Regulation of Children’s Course Games by Commensurability Education System

Influence of Group Active Play on Social Skill and Emotion Regulation in Children With Hearing Impairment

Influence of Group Active Play on Social Skill and Emotion Regulation in Children With Hearing Impairment

Exploring Feelings: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to Enhance Emotional Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Exploring Feelings: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to Enhance Emotional Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Management Interventions For Enhancing Emotional Regulation In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Scoping Review

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant challenges in emotional regulation, often leading to behavioral difficulties such as anger outbursts, tantrums, and depression, particularly in early childhood development. Recognizing the need for effective interventions. Objective: To explore management interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. Methods: We conducted a review of interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. The search process uses appropriate populations, concepts, and contexts. The search was carried out through the PubMed, Science direct, ProQuest, and SAGE Journal databases published between 2011 - 2021. The selection process was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Critical assessment using The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Of 4,157 articles, 7 articles were selected for this review. Several interventions to improve emotional regulation that can be used include Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Physical Activity, Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP), and Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP). In general, this intervention can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD aged 4-17 years. Conclusion: All interventions can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD

Emotions or cognitions first? Longitudinal relations between executive functions and emotion regulation in childhood.

Executive functions and emotion regulation develop from early childhood to adolescence and are predictive of important psychosocial outcomes. However, despite the correlation between the two regulatory capacities, whether they are prospectively related in school-aged children remains unknown, and the direction of effects is uncertain. In this study, a sample drawn from two birth cohorts in Norway was biennially examined between the ages of 6 and 14 (n = 852, 50.1% girls, 93% Norwegian). Parents completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist, and teachers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that improved emotion regulation predicted increased executive functioning to the same extent throughout development, whereas enhanced executive functioning was unrelated to future changes in emotion regulation.

Importance Of Practical Life Activity For The Development Of Self-Regulation Skills In Children Aged 4-5 Years

Importance Of Practical Life Activity For The Development Of Self-Regulation Skills In Children Aged 4-5 Years

An Interoception- Based Intervention for Improving Emotional Regulation in Children in a Special Education Classroom: Feasibility Study

Interoception supports the ability to notice, interpret, and react to internal sensations and impacts emotional regulation and participation in meaningful activities. This study aimed to expand evidence regarding the efficacy of a 7-week intervention based on The Interoception Curriculum: A Guide to Developing Mindful Self-Regulation in improving interoception and emotional regulation. We purposefully sampled middle-school participants (N = 9) with several diagnoses from a special education classroom. Self-report and teacher-report measures on interoceptive awareness and emotional regulation were collected before and after implementation of the interoception intervention. Statistically significant correlations were seen between the interoceptive awareness and emotional regulation and improvements in interoceptive awareness and emotional regulation were found following the intervention. In a small one group pretest/post-test design, a seven-week intervention based on the interoception curriculum demonstrated feasibility of this approach for children in a special education classroom and outcomes showed that interoceptive awareness and emotional regulation could improve after participation in this intervention.

Effectiveness of Maher’s Fluid Intelligence Psycho-Educational Intervention Package on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Maher’s fluid intelligence psycho-educational intervention package on improving cognitive emotion regulation in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methodology: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included 10-12-year-old boys with ADHD who had visited counseling and psychological service centers for children in Tehran during the first half of 2023. From this population, 30 participants were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRCBP) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children (CERQ-K-P). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 45-minute group interventions, while the control group remained on the waiting list. Findings: Results of the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the increase of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, specifically positive refocusing and refocus on planning, and the decrease of maladaptive strategies (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of adaptive strategies such as acceptance, positive reappraisal, and perspective-taking (p>0.05). Conclusion: Maher’s fluid intelligence psycho-educational intervention package effectively improves emotional regulation and cognitive performance in children with ADHD. By enhancing fluid intelligence and working memory, this intervention helps children better manage the challenges associated with ADHD and achieve better emotional regulation.

Effect of Hit-Sport-Game Exercise Training on Self-Control and Regulation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Objective. To determine the effect of a physical exercise training program, “HitSportGame” (HSG), on self-regulation of children with ADHD. Subjects and methods. The participants (N = 44) were children with ADHD aged 8 to 12 years (Mean 10.5 SD 1.4) without comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Children were randomized to an experimental group and a wait-list control group. The experimental group participated in the Hit-Sport-Game (HSG) training program thrice a week for 12 weeks. The self-control skills of the participants in both groups were evaluated with the CACIA (Child and Adolescent Self-Control Questionnaire) 1 week before and 1 week after completing the entire intervention. Results. The results showed significant improvements with effect sizes from moderate to large in the scales of personal feedback ( P = .003; η2p = 0.183), criteria self-control ( P = .029; η2p = 0.112), and procedural self-control ( P = .015; η2p = 0.131) after the intervention in the experimental group compared to the control group, which showed no difference on any of these scales. The reward delay scale did not show significant changes associated with the intervention ( P = .104; η2p = 0.059). Conclusions. HitSportGame physical exercise training demonstrated favorable effects on some self-control skills such as personal feedback, criterial self-control and procedural self-control of children with ADHD. However, it did not show any effect on the ability to delay rewards in this population.

An Investigation into the Role of Music Therapy in Reducing Anxiety and Promoting Emotional Regulation in Children with ADHD

An Investigation into the Role of Music Therapy in Reducing Anxiety and Promoting Emotional Regulation in Children with ADHD

An epigenome-wide association study of child appetitive traits and DNA methylation

The etiology of childhood appetitive traits is poorly understood. Early-life epigenetic processes may be involved in the developmental programming of appetite regulation in childhood. One such process is DNA methylation (DNAm), whereby a methyl group is added to a specific part of DNA, where a cytosine base is next to a guanine base, a CpG site. We meta-analyzed epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of cord blood DNAm and early-childhood appetitive traits. Data were from two independent cohorts: the Generation R Study (n = 1,086, Rotterdam, the Netherlands) and the Healthy Start study (n = 236, Colorado, USA). DNAm at autosomal methylation sites in cord blood was measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Parents reported on their child's food responsiveness, emotional undereating, satiety responsiveness and food fussiness using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire at age 4–5 years. Multiple regression models were used to examine the association of DNAm (predictor) at the individual site- and regional-level (using DMRff) with each appetitive trait (outcome), adjusting for covariates. Bonferroni-correction was applied to adjust for multiple testing. There were no associations of DNAm and any appetitive trait when examining individual CpG-sites. However, when examining multiple CpGs jointly in so-called differentially methylated regions, we identified 45 associations of DNAm with food responsiveness, 7 associations of DNAm with emotional undereating, 13 associations of DNAm with satiety responsiveness, and 9 associations of DNAm with food fussiness. This study shows that DNAm in the newborn may partially explain variation in appetitive traits expressed in early childhood and provides preliminary support for early programming of child appetitive traits through DNAm. Investigating differential DNAm associated with appetitive traits could be an important first step in identifying biological pathways underlying the development of these behaviors.

Effect of a Herbal Formulation on Infection Prevention and Immune Regulation in Children with Frequent Relapse Nephrotic Syndrome

Effect of a Herbal Formulation on Infection Prevention and Immune Regulation in Children with Frequent Relapse Nephrotic Syndrome

3.46 Latent Profiles of Impulsivity and Emotion Regulation in Children with Externalizing Disorders are Associated With Altered Striatocortical Connectivity

3.46 Latent Profiles of Impulsivity and Emotion Regulation in Children with Externalizing Disorders are Associated With Altered Striatocortical Connectivity

Cyber-victimization and Its Impact on Victim’s Psychosomatic Status

Cyberbullying is an important issue to discuss and investigate. This study is a theoretical and empirical research aimed at proving cyber-victimization’s negative impact on psychosomatic health. A direct relationship between these two phenomena is that poor mood regulation in childhood entails dissatisfaction with surrounding world causing rage against weaker peers, victimization, which affects victims’ psychosomatic status. Methods used are literature analysis for the research and empirical part assessing aggressiveness in children (Buss-Darkey Inventory), their emotional state and psychosomatic health problems caused by victimization (authors’ questionnaire. As a result young victims’ psychosocial problems are seen as having negative consequences in later life. Because of these consequences, bullying becomes a hot topic and causes researchers, parents’, as well as school teachers and school psychologists’ concern. Cyberbullying will continue as long as electronic gadgets and communication devices are plugged in and used which is becoming an increasing problem due to dissemination of information, telecommunication technologies and the involvement of children and adolescents in the widespread digitalization of various spheres of life. In conclusion we recommend teachers and parents to develop understanding of cybervictimization, besides to pay attention to their children’s emotional intelligence development that should help them resist victimization and avoid health problems.

Caregiver and Child Distress as Predictors of Dyadic Physiological Attunement During Vaccination.

Previous research discerned three groups of caregiver-toddler dyads that differed in their physiological co-regulatory patterns, also known as physiological attunement, during routine vaccinations in the second year of life. One group of dyads (80% of sample) displayed an attuned regulatory pattern and two groups of dyads (20% of sample) showed maladaptive attunement patterns (i.e., a lack of attunement or misattunement). The objective of the current study was to examine how well pain-related distress of children and caregivers during vaccination predicted these patterns. Caregiver-toddler dyads (N = 189) were part of a longitudinal cohort observed at either 12-, 18-, or 24-month vaccination appointments. Caregiver self-report of worry was assessed before and after the needle and child behavioural pain-related distress was also measured during the vaccination appointment. Logistic regression was used to determine how well these variables predicted caregiver-child physiological attunement patterns, as indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability. Higher behavioural pain-related distress at various timepoints after the needle were associated with membership in the dyad groups that showed misattunement or lack of attunement. Further, caregivers with higher pre-needle worry and lower post-needle worry had a greater likelihood of belonging to groups that showed a maladaptive attunement pattern. Findings suggest that caregivers who experience distress associated with their toddlers' vaccination experience more difficulty co-regulating with their child during vaccination, and these children are at risk of experiencing higher levels of pain-related distress. This research highlights the need to help caregivers support their children's regulation during vaccination.

Gut Microbiota Perturbation in Early Life Could Influence Pediatric Blood Pressure Regulation in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Juvenile Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate whether gut dysbiosis induced by ceftriaxone in early life could influence pediatric blood pressure regulation in childhood with or without exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). Sixty-three newborn pups of Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ceftriaxone sodium or saline solution until weaning at 3 weeks, and the rats were fed a HFD or regular diet from 3 to 6 weeks. Tail-cuff blood pressure, the expression levels of genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the colon and prefrontal cortex, and the composition of fecal microbiota were analyzed. Ceftriaxone treatment significantly increased the diastolic blood pressure of male rats at 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly increased only in ceftriaxone treated male rats fed with HFD. The RAS showed increased activation in the kidney, heart, hypothalamus, and thoracic and abdominal aorta of male rats, but only in the kidney, heart, and hypothalamus of female rats. HFD-fed female rats showed a decreased level of IL-6 in the colon. α diversity of gut microbiota decreased and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio increased in both male and female rats at 3 weeks; however, these parameters recovered to various degrees in female rats at 6 weeks. These results revealed that early-life gut dysbiosis induced by antibiotics combined with a HFD in childhood could be involved in pediatric blood pressure regulation and an increase in SBP in juvenile rats, and these effects occurred in a sex-dependent manner.

Unidirectional or Bidirectional? Relation between Parental Responsiveness and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Parenting is crucial for emotion regulation in children. Much less is known, however, concerning the association between parenting and emotion regulation in children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), who are known to have poor emotion regulation. The current study aimed to examine how parental responsiveness and child emotion regulation related either unidirectionally or bidirectionally to one another over time and to investigate whether the associations were different in ODD and non-ODD groups. Data were collected each year for three consecutive years from a sample of 256 parents of children with ODD and 265 parents of children without ODD in China. The results from the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) suggested that the directionality of the link between parental responsiveness and child emotion regulation differs according to ODD status. The non-ODD group demonstrated a unidirectionallink between early emotion regulation and subsequent parental responsiveness, consistent with the "child effect". However, in the ODD group, the link between parental responsiveness and emotion regulation was transactional, in line with social coercion theory. Multiple-group comparisons found that increased parental responsiveness was more strongly associated with improved child emotion regulation in the ODD group only. The research established a dynamic and longitudinal relationship between parental responsiveness and emotion regulation and suggested that intensive interventions should aim to improve parental responsiveness to children with ODD.

Clustering children's learning behaviour to identify self-regulated learning support needs

When children are learning using adaptive learning technologies (ALTs), the technology builds a learner model, which creates temporal trajectories providing insight into how children's knowledge develops. Based on this learner model, ALTs adjust the difficulty of problems for each child, yet children still need to regulate their practice behaviour and uphold effort and accuracy. The temporal trajectories are consequently likely to, besides showing children's knowledge development, be indicative of children's regulation. Therefore, we explore clusters of these trajectories to further identify failure in children's self-regulated learning (SRL) and potential support needs. We propose a data-driven approach to cluster 354 trajectories of 134 5th graders learning three skills with different complexity. The resulting 9 clusters were interpreted using practice accuracy and effort as indicators of regulation of practice behaviour and prior and post-knowledge and learning gain as indicators of knowledge development. The differences between clusters regarding these indicators signal there are different levels of SRL failure and, consequently, different SRL support needs: high accuracy and knowledge development indicate minimal support needs, whereas clusters with low accuracy, showing no knowledge development, indicate extensive SRL support needs. In conclusion: clusters of temporal patterns in children's learning data can identify SRL support is needed.

The Association of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis with Appetite Regulation in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)

Prenatal alcohol exposure causes growth impairment and a wide range of developmental, physical, and cognitive disorders in children, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). In the course of FASDs, abnormalities can also affect eating behavior and nutritional status, but these problems have received little attention. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the levels of hormones involved in the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), in the serum of patients with FASDs. To our knowledge, none of these hormones studied have yet been evaluated in FASDs to date. We investigated 62 FASD patients and 23 healthy controls by applying an enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). Fasting POMC levels were significantly lower in patients with FASDs (10.97 vs. 18,57 ng/mL, p = 0.039) compared to controls. However, there were no differences in cortisol concentrations. Additionally, the sex and subgroup status (fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE), and FASD risk) did not affect hormone levels. POMC was positively correlated with some clinical parameters such as age, BMI percentile, carbohydrate biomarkers, and ACTH. A positive correlation was observed between ACTH and cortisol levels, as well as ACTH and cholesterol levels. Data analysis showed no HPA axis abnormalities in the form of elevated serum cortisol and ACTH levels. Differences in POMC concentration may indicate the involvement and/or impairment of central nervous system structures in hormonal alterations in FASD individuals, caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Hormonal dysregulation in FASDs can contribute to reduced growth and development, as well as many other disturbed processes, including neurological/neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Further insightful studies involving a larger group of patients are needed to determine the potential impact of the measured hormones.

Spanish Validation of the Two-Factor Interpersonal Reactivity Index: Evidence for the Relationship Between Empathy, Social Competence, and Emotion Regulation

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Empathy is a relevant component of social interactions that can be observed from early childhood. Validated tests for young children are still scarce. This study has two goals: (1) to validate the modified two-factor version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) in Spanish children between the ages of 3 and 8; and (2) to explore the mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between empathy and social competence. Teachers of 118 Spanish children from 3 to 8 years old completed the IRI, the Emotion Regulation Checklist, and a scale of Social Competence. The results confirmed the two-factor structure of the modified version of the IRI and showed acceptable psychometric properties in the sample, acceptable to good reliability, and adequate construct validity. The mediational model revealed that the relationship between Empathy and Social Competence was mediated by Emotion Regulation, partially in the case of Empathic Concern and fully in the case of Perspective Taking.. Practice or Policy: Our results highlight the relevance of emotion regulation in childhood and the need to address the multidimensional nature of empathy. This knowledge can contribute to the understanding and promotion of socio-emotional development in childhood.