Children Of Various Age Groups Research Articles

Family resilience and caregiver's well-being across different age groups of children with ADHD in the United States: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on caregiver well-being across various age groups of children diagnosed with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) groups (0-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years). Utilizing secondary data from the 2022 US National Survey of Child Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2,752 children who were formally diagnosed with ADHD. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Spearman's rank correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression, conducted using SPSS version 27. The study revealed a moderate positive correlation (r=.35, p<.001) between family resilience and caregiver well-being. Controlling for covariates, family resilience accounted for 25.2%, 21.1%, and 22.1% of caregiver well-being variance in age groups 0-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years, respectively. Additionally, factors like employment status, family structure, and caregiver age showed varying influences on caregiver well-being across these developmental stages. A consistent pattern emerged across these age groups: unemployment and non-traditional family structures were associated with negative impacts on caregiver well-being, whereas older caregiver age positively influenced well-being. This research underscores the importance of age-specific family resilience strategies to improve caregiver well-being and family interactions in ADHD contexts. Investigating these aspects through qualitative studies across various cultures could deepen our understanding of well-being and inform culturally sensitive interventions.

Exploring the link between hair elemental composition and oral and general health of children in Northern and Central Dagestan Russia

Relevance. This article presents data on the level of trace elements in hair and oral and general health among various age groups of children (from 2 to 17 years) in Northern and Central Dagestan. It also reports findings on the relationship between oral health indicators and the content of such macro- and microelements as Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, As, Fe, F. Identifying concentrations of macro- and microelements in hair proves to be a promising diagnostic method and aids in creating personalized prevention programs.Objective. To investigate the correlation between the elemental composition in children's hair and their oral and general health conditions in the cities of Kizlyar and Makhachkala, situated in Northern and Central Dagestan, Russia.Materials and methods. Established methods and physicochemical techniques were utilized for oral health evaluations to determine the quality indicators of drinking water, levels of elemental composition in hair, and methods to assess the general health of children (questionnaires, analysis of medical records of children).Results. A correlation was established between the levels of specific chemical elements in hair, the dental hard tissues, and mixed saliva with the oral and general health complications observed in children. Water analysis in Makhachkala, central part of the Republic of Dagestan, revealed an unbalanced presence of essential chemical elements such as fluoride, iron, manganese, zinc, and sulfates. In 74–84% of the examined water samples, the fluoride content was below 0.5 mg/l, and only 13–25% were within the normal range. The levels of fluoride and iron in hair and mixed saliva indicate shifts in mineral metabolism in children's bodies. Fluoride is crucial for iron absorption, and its deficiency results in significantly decreased absorption rates. A substantial reduction in water fluoride levels, compared to standard values, correlates with high rates of dental caries and iron deficiency anemia in children from Makhachkala, occurring in about 87% of cases (P &lt; 0.05). This relationship is substantiated by the analysis of medical records from children aged 2 to 17 from hospitals in both Northern and Central Dagestan, highlighting the connection between iron deficiency anemia and the low fluoride levels in drinking water. Further studies into the oral health of children have shown that the incidence and severity of caries in deciduous teeth are greater in the Northern than in the Central Zone of Dagestan. Moreover, conditions such as cheilitis, aphthous stomatitis, and desquamative glossitis are frequently observed in children during the stages of temporary tooth occlusion, affecting on average 38.5% of cases, and this prevalence increases to 78.2% during the mixed and permanent occlusion stages.Conclusion. The conducted studies revealed that the drinking water supplied to the Dagestan population has elevated permissible levels of iron and arsenic. Additionally, there is a noted deficiency of fluoride, zinc, and copper, as well as low water hardness. Research into the quality of drinking water and the health impacts on the pediatric population of Dagestan established a correlation (R = 0.593) between unbalanced water, dietary intake, the severity of dental caries, and reduced immunity in children. High levels of arsenic, germanium, and molybdenum in the water and children's hair contribute to cumulative health effects. Environmental pollution is also linked to a rise in oral health issues, iron deficiency anemia, and broader health problems. Analyzing the chemical composition of children's hair serves as a diagnostic tool for detecting and preventing diseases related to deficiencies and excesses of macro- and microelements.

Pediatric Ischemic Stroke: Clinical and Paraclinical Manifestations—Algorithms for Diagnosis and Treatment

Childhood stroke can lead to lifelong disability. Developing algorithms for timely recognition of clinical and paraclinical signs is crucial to ensure prompt stroke diagnosis and minimize decision-making time. This study aimed to characterize clinical and paraclinical symptoms of childhood and neonatal stroke as relevant diagnostic criteria encountered in clinical practice, in order to develop algorithms for prompt stroke diagnosis. The analysis included data from 402 pediatric case histories from 2010 to 2016 and 108 prospective stroke cases from 2017 to 2020. Stroke cases were predominantly diagnosed in newborns, with 362 (71%, 95% CI 68.99–73.01) cases occurring within the first 28 days of birth, and 148 (29%, 95% CI 26.99–31.01) cases occurring after 28 days. The findings of the study enable the development of algorithms for timely stroke recognition, facilitating the selection of optimal treatment options for newborns and children of various age groups. Logistic regression serves as the basis for deriving these algorithms, aiming to initiate early treatment and reduce lifelong morbidity and mortality in children. The study outcomes include the formulation of algorithms for timely recognition of newborn stroke, with plans to adopt these algorithms and train a fuzzy classifier-based diagnostic model using machine learning techniques for efficient stroke recognition.

Определение диагностической значимости маркеров наследственных болезней обмена с применением метода хромато-масс-спектрометрии

Thorough investigation of metabolome by mass spectrometry is of great importance for personalized and preventive medicine. It is only timely laboratory diagnosis involving the use of high-tech chromatographic analysis methods that can help identify the patients with disorders of amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolism. The study was aimed to determine the efficacy of conventional and additional markers of metabolic disorders of amino acids and acylcarnitines detected by chromatography–mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of congenital metabolic disorders in children, as well as to create specific panels of the most effective indicators and determine the potential diagnostic efficacy of indentification of the relationships between the levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines in pediatric patients with congenital metabolic disorders. We assessed amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles in blood spots by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in patients aged 6 months to 16 years (48 boys and 32 girls) with suspected aminoacidopathy and organic aciduria/acidemia. The comparison group consisted of 35 children with suspected peroxisomal metabolic disorders, the control group included 40 generally healthy children of various age groups. The data obtained were used to conduct the analysis of correlations between the groups of markers. Strong correlation was revealed for the levels of metabolically most closely related compounds (r &lt; 0.8, р &lt; 0.001). However, a similar relationship between metabolically not closely related compounds (correlation coefficient 0.45–0.73 (р &lt; 0.001)) was revealed for some groups of compounds. Thus, the acylcarnitine profile can be proposed as an additional potential marker to be used in cases of borderline phenylalanine levels, and the sum of normalized acylcarnitine levels (С12+С16) can be a potential secondary marker of phenylketonuria.

Establishment of Normal Reference Intervals for Coagulation Test Indicators in Children.

The objective of this study is to determine the standard reference intervals for coagulation function and coagulation factors in children across various age groups. A statistical analysis was conducted on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), thrombin time (TT), and coagulation factors (II, V, VII, X, VIII, IX, XI, and XII) in 389 healthy children who underwent health checkups and presurgical examinations at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The children were categorized into four age groups. The established normal reference ranges are as follows: PT (seconds): 10.00 - 12.26 for 1 month - 3 years, 10.24 - 12.66 for 3 - 18 years; APTT (seconds) : 24.82 - 35.65 for 1 month - 1 year, 25.20 - 32.30 for 1 - 18 years; Fib (g/L): 1.21 - 2.44 for 1 month - 1 year, 1.48 - 2.70 for 1 - 3 years, 1.69 - 3.60 for 3 - 18 years; TT (seconds): 18.48 - 23.06 for 1 month - 1 year, 17.80 - 21.26 for 1 - 18 years; coagulation factor II (%): 68.77 - 105.07 for 1 month - 1 year, 78.20 - 119.40 for 1 - 18 years; V (%): 74.24 - 140.96 for 1 month - 3 years, 70.64 - 132.01 for 3 - 18 years; VII (%): 56.34 - 113.00 for 1 month - 18 years; X (%): 49.17 - 105.57 for 1 month - 1 year, 64.34 - 115.24 for 1 - 18 years; VIII (%): 43.53 - 130.07 for 1 month - 1 year, 45.92 - 144.90 for 1 - 18 years; IX (%): 28.55 - 69.17 for 1 month - 1 year, 46.29 - 97.48 for 1 - 18 years; XI (%): 44.64 - 139.00 for 1 month - 1 year, 57.50 - 139.98 for 1 - 18 years; XII (%): 30.16 - 94.48 for 1 month - 1 year, 36.88 - 115.50 for 1 - 18 years. This study successfully established standard reference intervals for coagulation function and coagulation factors in children of various age groups in Hangzhou, China.

Features of Vocal and Choral Training of Future Music Teachers

The article reveals the peculiarities of vocal and choral training of future music teachers. The current stage of modernization of higher education in Ukraine, which is connected with the integration of our country into the European educational space, actualizes the problem of the quality of professional training of future music teachers. Vocal and choral activity is one of the most important activities of a future teacher-musician, and the training of highly qualified specialists in this field is one of the priority directions of art education. A promising direction of vocal and choral training of future specialists in the field of musical art during higher education is the arrangement of a certain sequence of teaching professional disciplines and its complex integrity, which includes the disciplines of the cycle of choral conducting, methods of teaching choral conducting, disciplines of choral studies, choral class, practical work with the choir, choral arrangement and reading of choral scores, voice production, vocal teaching methods, practical assimilation of school repertoire, etc. A feature of vocal and choral training of students of higher education institutions of artistic direction is the presence of basic structural components in it, which include conducting and choral and vocal and performing components. The conducting and choral component prepares students for the activities of a leader of a student choir, capable of organizing and implementing work on choral works at an appropriate methodical level, and capable of creating choral groups for children of various age groups in institutions of general secondary and extra-curricular education. in the workshops of which students will be able to form and develop their own aesthetic sphere, enrich their internal culture, master the values of vocal and choral art, develop their musical, singing, and artistic abilities. The vocal-executive component prepares students for the demonstration of vocal, vocal-choral works and their fragments during vocal-choral work in educational institutions, and without it, the full functioning of the conducting-choral component is impossible. Independent work of students is also an important component of the professional training of future specialists in the field of musical art.

A Comparative Review on the Regulatory Framework of Pediatric Drugs in the US and EU: Challenges and Recommendations

Children and adults have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, so it is necrssary to confirm the drug's effects in pediatrics. Drugs utilised in paediatric research They are frequently referred to as "therapeutic orphans" since they are challenging to develop and lack adequate data. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the optimal dosages and formulations in various age groups of children. The significance of pediatric rules emerged from the fact that the physiological conditions of adults and children are different, and the same dosing regimen cannot be recommended for both. The child protection in research was recommended at the Belmont report (1979) first time. The necessity for written informed consent of the subject from a legally authorized representative of a child was described in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964). The scarcity of available patient populations, practical complexities of research, and minimal financial returns have hampered pharmaceutical investment in the clinical studies for children. More recently, pediatric policy in the US and Europe have instituted a system of obligations and incentives to stimulate investment in the pediatric drugs development. These initiatives, in conjunction with a more sophisticated process of drug discovery and development, resulting in significant advancements in the labelling of drugs for pediatric use. The present study reviews the regulation of pediatric drugs in the USA, EU and recent updates concerned to their regulations. It discusses the pediatric clinical study plans, Incentives, Timelines, challenges and possible recommendations. The challenges include ethical issues, clinical trial designs, type of formulation preparation, dosing, bioavailability and drug response measuring techniques.

Evaluation of the physical activity in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders

Abstract. Functional gastrointestinal disorders have been known for centuries. However, this concept appeared quite recently, and is currently a common pediatric problem. Interest in functional pathology is fully justified and understandable: despite the fact that functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract do not pose a direct threat to the patient’s life, they significantly reduce the quality of his life. The problem of functional disorders is also complicated by the fact that they affect all strata of society, regardless of age, socio-economic status, gender or race. The active process of studying the clinical and anamnestic features of various nosological forms, predictors of functional disorders, combined functional disorders and prevention approaches is also due to significant economic damage due to direct and indirect costs of their treatment. The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the world reaches 40.3 %, and among children's gastro pathology they occupy one of the leading places. More than half of children of various age groups have at least one of the symptoms, which is a cause of concern for both the child and the parents, as well as entails a violation of the microclimate in the family. The peak prevalence of various symptoms of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract occurs at school age and adolescents, who almost fill the appointment of a pediatrician and a pediatric gastroenterologist. If we trace the evolution of ideas about functional disorders of the digestive organs, it can be noted that it changed many times and influenced the understanding of the pathogenesis and, especially, the etiology of this nasology. According to the Rome Consensus IV (2016), functional gastrointestinal disorders are defined as disorders of the interaction of the «gut-brain» axis, taking into account this concept, a lot of time has been devoted to studying the role of various factors: genetic predisposition, infection theory, nature of feeding at an early age, hormonal imbalance, psychological state, food preferences, lifestyle and physical activity. An important aspect of studying predictors of functional bowel disorders is the level of physical activity of children and adolescents. In the process of studying literary data, it was noted that the role of insufficient physical activity in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders remains not fully determined. Most of the materials are related to the adult population and critically few among children. That complicates the study of forecasting and prevention of a more severe course of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and, as a consequence, to optimize therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the level of physical activity in children with FGID. Materials and methods. 72 children aged 8–14 with FGIR were observed. I group of study included 26 patients with combined functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the II group – 46 patients with FD. The control group included 22 healthy children. The diagnosis of FD and IBS were established based on the analysis of clinical symptoms according to the Rome IV criteria (2016). The PAQ-C questionnaire, developed by K. Kowalski, P. Kroker, and R. Donen, was used to assess PA in children. Research results. The total PA index in children with combined FD and SPC was 1,87 ± 0,07 and was lower compared to the group of children with FD (2,21 ± 0,05; p &lt; 0,05) and the control group (2,75 ± 0,05; p &lt; 0,01). The total PA index in children with FD is lower than in the control group (p &lt; 0,01). Conclusion. Insufficient physical activity can be considered a risk factor for the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children.

Application of effective methods in the educational process based on innovative, interactive, and game technologies

The article aims to examine the content and effectiveness of educational technologies in the educational process. In the study, a combination of methods including literature analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, and design were employed. The article provides a brief overview of interactive, game-based, and innovative educational learning technologies, analyzes research on their effectiveness in various age groups of children and adults, and explores their potential for individuals with disabilities. The study also identifies the conditions necessary for the effective utilization of these technologies in the educational process. Based on the findings, it is concluded that these technologies have the potential to enhance learning outcomes and meet the diverse needs of learners. Recommendations for future directions include further research on the optimal integration of these technologies and their continuous adaptation to keep pace with evolving educational requirements. Keywords: Educational process; game technologies; innovative technologies; interactive technologies.

Improvement of the technology of cooking culinary products from poultry meat for children's food: a systematic review

Currently, more and more new technologies are being discovered in the food industry and public catering for the production of culinary products from poultry. This type of raw material is very popular among the population, due to its chemical composition and nutritional value. The study of new approaches to the quality and safety of food products for baby food is also an urgent topic. The purpose of this review is to analyze literature sources on new technologies in the production of culinary products from poultry and methods of ensuring safety and quality for the nutrition of children of various age groups. The presented systematic review includes articles from the Scopus, Rsci and Google Scholar databases, limited by the time period from 2011 to 2023, 24 works of highly rated journals are analyzed and divided into three thematic blocks: general studies of semi-finished poultry products, new technologies in the production of culinary products and the safety of culinary products from poultry for children's nutrition different age categories. In the course of the work carried out, various studies of semi-finished poultry products, the impact of new technological techniques on the quality and consumer properties of culinary products, as well as basic research in the field of baby food safety were considered. As a result, a fairly strong experimental and research base in these areas of public catering has been identified. The data of this review will provide invaluable assistance in the development of culinary products from poultry for baby food of various age categories, as well as in the preparation of food rations and the development of technological processes in educational institutions.

Analysis of the Causes of Intestinal Obstruction in Children to See the Impact of the Results on Healthy Life

Background: Intestinal obstruction, which affects patients of all ages, is described as a stoppage of the forward passage of contents inside the intestinal lumen. Aim: This paper aims to analysis of the causes of intestinal obstruction in children to see the impact of the results on healthy life. Patients and methods: This study was detected the causes of intestinal obstruction and how the effect on children as well as to see the impact of the results on healthy life conducted in different hospitals in Iraq from 14th January 2021 to 7th March 2022 with 42 cases for intestinal obstruction of children patients who under 14 years. The methodology outcomes were designed and analysed by the SPSS program. Results and discussion: Intestinal obstruction is a prevalent issue in the field of paediatric surgery, affecting children of various age groups. In contrast, previous studies have reported the highest incidence of intestinal obstruction to be under the age of one to two years old; however, our findings indicate that it is predominantly observed in children under the age of 14, with peak occurrence in infancy, consistent with similar reports documented in other regions of the country. Interestingly, only two patients, which accounted for a mere 1.54% of the sample, manifested obstructed umbilical hernia. In this study, a greater frequency of postoperative complications related to sepsis was observed. Predominantly, surgical infection was the most prevalent, followed by Septicemia and postoperative pyrexia as the other common occurrences. Conclusion: The study found that most impacted of intestinal obstructions are more common and that these acquired causes are mostly upper gastrointestinal in origin. In comparing with the last studies, the pattern and clinical presentation of intestinal obstruction are similar across Iraq. The negative outcomes of complications refer that Surgical infection (20%) and Postoperative fever (16%) got the high impact on children that occur with 36 % of patients after the operation was conducted.

UNIVERSAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL. EXHIBITION BY PER ISAK JUUSO FOR YOUTH AND CHILDREN

This article explores the strategies employed by educators at the Sámi Center for Contemporary Art in Karasjok, Norway, in the production of educational materials related to an exhibition by Sámi duodji artist Per Isak Juuso. The study examines the process of creating materials that are suitable for various age groups of children and youth, and applicable to both local Sámi and international visitors. The research question is: How can the content of educational material within an art exhibition be designed to appeal to diverse audiences of children and youth? The aim of the study is to identify what kind of educational material about Sámi art can be used by different age groups and backgrounds, including local Sámi and international visitors. This aim is achieved through the following objectives: the design of educational material, presentation of the material to various groups of youth and children and their educators, evaluation of feedback on the content of the developed material, and a comparison, through observation, of the quantity of material used during the exhibition. The results of the research provide recommendations for art institutions and museums on how to develop universal educational materials that are suitable for various groups of learners and can be adapted by teachers to different levels of understanding during conversations.

Assessment of Parental Satisfaction with Various Aesthetic Crowns Among Children of Various Age Groups: An Original Research.

Over the past ten years, parents have become more involved in choosing the aesthetic restorations for their ward. The strip crown and the prefabricated zirconia crown are some of the common anterior aesthetic complete crowns. The purpose of this study is to examine parental satisfaction over a one-year period in children aged three to five with "Strip Crowns" versus "Preformed Primary Anterior Zirconia Crowns". Current study included 20 children. Among them their both central incisors were restored using the two varieties of crowns. The distribution of participants was done using the permuted block randomization approach. Twenty parents who participated were called back over a year to complete the questionnaire. The data was collected and compared while the statistics are deemed significant at P < 0.05. Both restoration options received positive feedback from parents. With strip crowns, there was a statistically significant correlation between overall happiness and longevity of the restoration (P = 0.003) and color (P = 0.033) in zirconium crowns. The parents who expressed less pleasure with the strip crowns' longevity and the color of zirconia crowns did so overall, though. In conclusion, prefabricated primary anterior zirconia crowns were more popular with parents than strip crowns. All other criteria were about equally well-liked by parents, with the exception of longevity, which was more common for zirconia crowns.

Association between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Eczema in Children and Adolescents

Introduction: Eczema is a common allergic skin condition among children and adolescents, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a kind of fatty acid which were reported to be associated with reduced risk of eczema. Previous studies explored different types of PUFAs with various age groups of children and adolescents, and the influence of confounding factors such as medicine use was not considered. In the present study, we aimed to identify the associations between PUFAs and the risk of eczema in children and adolescents. These findings of our study might help better understand the associations between PUFAs and eczema. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected the data of 2,560 children and adolescents aged 6–19 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) between 2005 and 2006. Total PUFA, omega-3 (n-3), including octadecatrienoic acid/18:3, octadecatrienoic acid/18:4, eicosapentaenoic acid/20:5, docosapentaenoic acid/22:5, and docosahexaenoic acid/22:6, omega-6 (n-6), including octadecatrienoic acid/18:2 and eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4, total n-3 intake, total n-6 intake, and n-3/n-6 were main variables in this study. Univariate logistic regression was applied for identifying potential confounders for eczema. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the associations between PUFAs and eczema. Subgroup analysis was performed on subjects with different ages, and patients complicated with other allergic diseases, allergy, and medicine use or not. Results: In total, there were 252 (9.8%) subjects who had eczema. After adjusting for confounding factors including age, race, poverty to income ratio (PIR), medicine use, hay fever, sinus infection, body mass index (BMI), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, and IgE, we observed that eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.68) and total n-3 (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99) were linked with decreased risk of eczema in children and adolescents. Eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 was correlated with decreased risk of eczema in participants without hay fever (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.97) and medicine use (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68–0.94) or with allergy (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94). Total n-3 intake was associated with a reduced risk of eczema with the adjusted OR of 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.98) in participants without hay fever. In those without sinus infection, octadecatrienoic acid/18:4 was linked with decreased risk of eczema (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99). Conclusion: N-3 and eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 might be associated with the risk of eczema in children and adolescents.

Test–retest Reliability of Acceptable Noise Level in Kannada-speaking Children with Normal Hearing Sensitivity

Introduction: Understanding speech accurately in the presence of noise is crucial for the development of learning speech, language, and educational skills in children. There are various audiological procedures available to check the ability of speech perception in the presence of noise. Acceptable noise level (ANL) measures the individual’s ability to tolerate the amount of background noise while listening to speech. Though, ANL has been shown to be clinically effective measure in children and adults its test- retest reliability in children is not well understood. Hence the present study was carried out to establish ANL using Kannada stimuli in native Kannada speaking children with normal hearing sensitivity and to check the test-retest reliability of the measure in them. Method: The study included a total of 61 native Kannada speaking children within the age range of 9-12years. Most Comfortable Level (MCL) and Background Noise Level (BNL) were established using standard procedures. The ANL was obtained by subtracting the BNL value with MCL for each participant. Results: The results revealed that there exists unacceptable reliability in MCL, BNL and ANL measures in native Kannada speaking children with normal hearing sensitivity using Kannada speech stimulus. This indicates that the ANL needs to be interpreted with caution in Children. Conclusion: The current study findings highlight on the importance of exploring these measures in children of various age groups to understand the developmental trend and age of maturation of ANL measure.

Quantitative volumetric and density CT-characteristics of lungs in children: what is to be the norm (preliminary results of a pilot study)

SummaryFunctional and radiation methods of respiratory or-gans’ examination make it possible to obtain quantitative summarised characteristics of the lung tissue. In some cases, it may be advisable to differentially study the right and left lungs in children, especially at an early age when it is impossible to correctly perform functional examina-tion methods. The objective of the study: to evaluate the possibility of non-invasive differentiated analysis of the volumes of the right and left lungs in children with no chest pathologies. Materials and methods. A retro-spective analysis of volumetric CT of the chest organs was carried out in 100 children aged 5 months to 18 years (divided into standard age groups) with no established diseases of the chest organs or identified radiological pa-thology. Post-processing manipulation of CT scans was performed with the calculation of the absolute values of the volume of the right and left lungs, total lung volume and tissue density for each lung, with further structural distribution (as a percentage of the total volume). Exclu-sion criteria included the presence of respiratory diseas-es, or any changes in the lung structure according to the results of CT, incl. breath artifacts. Results. The CT-volu-metry method was used to obtain the average values of the volumes of the right, left and total volume of both lungs. The absolute values of the volume of the right lung dominated over the left. In the process of growth, these differences change unidirectionally, with a decrease in the asymmetry coefficient from 1.23 to 1.1. The total co-efficient of volume gain for the left lung, in comparison with the right one, turns out to be larger both in limiting and average values. Conclusion. The conducted study of normal volume characteristics of the lung parenchyma using CT volumetry is one of the few demonstrations of lung volume in children of various age groups. The data obtained are the basic quantitative indicators of normal lung parenchyma in children, and can be used in compar-ison with studies of changes in lung volumes in various pathological conditions, including deformities of the spi-nal-rib complex

A Study on Parents' Emotion Regulation Skills, Self-Awareness, and Cognitive Flexibility Levels

Individuals' cognitive flexibility, their capacity to regulate their emotions, and their ability to be aware of the present moment will positively influence the way they behave toward themselves and their environment. It is considered that parents with these characteristics will exhibit behaviors that influence future generations largely in a positive way. The research aims to test a hypothetical model developed based on the literature to determine the factors affecting the cognitive flexibility of parents. The study group for the research consists of 351 parents with children in various age groups who are attending preschool, primary school, secondary school, or high school. The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale were utilized as data collection tools in this study. The research was carried out with the relational screening model. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of the data. In the model, where cognitive flexibility was accepted as a predicted variable, emotion regulation skills and mindfulness demonstrated a positive relationship. Besides, mindfulness displays a positive relationship with cognitive flexibility.

Age-specific trends in intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy utilization in acute ischemic stroke in children under age 18.

To evaluate current trends in the utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IV-tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in various age groups of children in the United States. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study using primary AIS admissions in children ⩽ 17 years (weighted n = 2807) contained in the 2009-2019 KIDS Inpatient Database. Age-specific utilization frequency of IV-tPA and MT were calculated. Multivariable-adjusted models were used to evaluate demographic predictors of treatment. From 2009 to 2019, there were 2807 AIS admissions in children in the KID of which 55.9% were in boys and 29.9% were 15-17 years old.128 (4.6%) received IV-tPA. IV-tPA utilization differed by age (5-9 years: 3.1%, 15-17 years 8.1% p value < 0.001). Overall MT usage was 2.3% and this also varied by age (1-4 years: 0.9% and 15-17years 4.0%, p value = 0.006). IV-tPA utilization almost tripled across the study period (2.5% 2009 to 6.5% in 2019, p value = 0.001) while MT use more than doubled over time (1.2% in 2009 and 3.0% in 2019, p value = 0.048). Increased IV-tPA utilization was seen primarily in children 10-14 years (0.8% in 2009 to 7.2% 2019, p value = 0.005) and 15-17 years (5.4% in 2009 to 10.4% in 2019, p value = 0.045). Utilization in younger age groups remained unchanged over time. MT usage was very variable across various age groups over time. IV-tPA and MT utilization increased over time in nonchildren's hospitals (both p values < 0.05) but usage in designated children's hospitals did not change significantly over time. In multivariable models, there was no significant difference in odds of IV-tPA and MT use by sex, race or insurance status. IV-tPA and MT utilization in pediatric AIS increased in the United States over the past decade mainly in older children 10-17 years. Utilization increased mainly in patients hospitalized in nonchildren's hospitals. Usage in children's hospitals did not change significantly over time.

Suicide mortality among children in the Russian Federation

Purpose. To identify the aspects of suicide mortality of the child population of the Russian Federation and to propose directions for its prevention.Materials and methods. An analysis of official data on the incidence of suicide deaths and injuries with uncertain intentionsin children of various age groups and in the context of the Russian Federation constituent entities was carried out. Special attention of suicide death age structure was paid to adolescents aged 15–17 years. The proportion of suicides among children due to external causes of death was determined.Results. The incidence of suicide in children and adolescents depends on age, gender, and place of residence: in general, boys and urban residents dominated among the dead; suicide cases were recorded starting from the age group 5–9 years, more than two thirds of them were in the 15–17 age group; suicide rates among external causes of child death increased with age, were higher in girls and in rural areas; all the indicators studied had regional characteristics. Suicide mortality of children higher than the all-Russian level was recorded in the Volga, Siberian and Far Eastern, and at the age of 15–17 years — in the Southern, North Caucasus and Ural Federal Districts.Conclusion. The characteristics of suicide mortality of children its social conditionality should be taken into account in the preventive measures’ formation. An analysis of inaccurate and unspecified causes of children death is important; intensive development of medical and social assistance and introduction of modern technologies of medical and social support for children and adolescents; using the principles of intersectoral and interdepartmental interaction to identify and strengthen State control over improper parenting; raising the social responsibility of parents.

Analysis of the incidence of children in social isolation during the period of COVID-19

Introduction. Children's health is an important integral indicator and criterion for the socio- conomic wellbeing of society and the state, and is also included in the system of global indicators for achieving the goals in the field of sustainable development of countries. In terms of statistical research and forecasting in health care, children's health indicators can be assessed as the most stable and reliably reflecting the actual situation. The article contains information that allows one to form an idea of the health status of children of various age groups in Moscow in conditions of social isolation and distance learning during the COVID-19 period.&#x0D; Purpose of the study. To identify the main trends in the level of general morbidity among children aged 0-17 in Moscow during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in general and by age groups. Assess how the lockdown associated with the coronavirus outbreak has affected the health of children.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The review used population data, as well as data from federal statistical observation form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization” for 2016–2020. Morbidity was analyzed for age groups 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-17 years per 100,000 of the corresponding population.&#x0D; Results and discussion. In 2020, the overall level of child morbidity in the capital amounted to 189.1 thousand cases per 100,000 children, a decrease of 15.6% compared to 2019, in general, for the period from 2016 to 2020 – by 18.6 %. An analysis of the incidence of children showed that in 2020, the conditions of temporary isolation and a decrease in contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in the registration of a number of diseases: SARS, acute bronchitis, acute conjunctivitis and diseases of the digestive system, as well as a decrease in childhood injuries in all age groups. A characteristic feature for children of all ages was the decrease in the overall incidence in 2020, however, it is worth noting the different rates of decline in indicators for individual classes of diseases depending on age.