Children Of Various Age Groups Research Articles

ACUTE TONSILLITIS IN CHILDREN: A PEDIATRICIAN’S PERSPECTIVE

научный биометрический журнал, который знакомит читателя с клиническими рекомендациями и особенностями применения лекарственных и вакцинных средств у детей, предоставляет исчерпывающую информацию о воздействии лекарственных средств на плод, о проводимых в

PERTUSSIS — INFECTION NOT UNDER COMPLETE CONTROL

The article covers the problem of pertussis infection in children of various age groups and causes of high prevalence of this infection in the Russian Federation. According to the author’s opinion the main factors of such a bad situation with this disease are insufficient registration of the cases, increasing amount of parents’ rejections of vaccination with DTP-vaccine, gradual fading of the post-vaccinal immunity and low level of children defense before school, as well as difficulties in diagnostics and atypical clinical course of the disease in adolescents and adults. The issues of modern views on variability of infectious agents, comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of whole cell and acellular vaccines and international experience in usage of acellular DTP-vaccines are reviewed with a special attention. Increasing of the vaccination coverage (due to the switch to the less reactogenic aDTP-vaccines), introduction of booster dosages among younger school children and adolescents, vaccination of pregnant women and cocooning strategy in order to protect newborns and infants under 6 months old can be possible ways to improve epidemiologic situation and control of pertussis infection.

Measures of pituitary gland and stalk: from neonate to adolescence

The aim of this study is to provide normative data about pituitary diameters in a pediatric population. Pituitary imaging is important for the evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis defect. However, data about normal pituitary gland diameters and stalk are limited, especially in children. Structure and the measurements of pituitary gland and pituitary stalk may change due to infection, inflammation, or neoplasia. Among 14,854 cranial/pituitary gland magnetic resonance imaging scans performed from 2011 to 2013, 2755 images of Turkish children aged between 0 and 18 were acquired. After exclusions, 517 images were left. Four radiologists were educated by an experienced pediatric radiologist for the measurement and assessment of the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk. Twenty cases were measured by all radiologists for a pilot study and there was no interobserver variability. There were 10-22 children in each age group. The maximum median height of the pituitary gland was 8.48±1.08 and 6.19±0.88 mm for girls and boys, respectively. Volumes were also correlated with gender similar to height. Minimum median height was 3.91±0.75 mm for girls and 3.81±0.68 mm for boys. The maximum and minimum pituitary stalk basilar artery ratios for girls were 0.73±0.12 and 0.59±0.10 mm. The ratios for boys were 0.70±0.12 and 0.56±0.11 mm. Our study demonstrated the pituitary gland and stalk size data of children in various age groups from newborn to adolescent. It is thought that these data can be applied in clinical practice. Future prospective follow-up studies with larger samples, which correlate the structural findings with the clinical and laboratory results are awaited.

Результаты профилактических осмотров детей в условиях поликлиники г. Москвы

Aim : to analyze the results of prophylactic follow-ups at the fixed periods of time of children of various age groups (younger than 1 year old, 1–14 years old and 15–17 years old) attached to Moscow municipal pediatric out-patient clinic №118 during 2007–2011 years. Patients and methods : methods of medical and mathematical statistics were used. Form № 31 «Information on medical care for children and school-aged adolescents» was used. Results : children population of the region was 10 000 on average. The data on children’s physical development since their birth and their distribution among health groups on medical examinations are shown in the article. The majority of children (both boys and girls) had normal physical development; the prevalence of such children increased during the follow-up period. The number of preterm children has been decreasing. The distribution of children among health groups has stable pattern. More than a half examined children have the second health group, about one third — the first group. The authors showed dynamics of functional deviations (hearing and vision impairment, speech disorders and poor posture) in pre-school and school children. Conclusions : determination of children among the health group has a stable pattern; yearly the amount of children and school adolescents observed in out-patient clinics has been increasing; the prevalence of revealed on prophylactic examinations disorders has been decreasing, however, in an age aspect there is an increase of children with the above-mentioned disorders.

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Measurement of Liver Size in Normal Children

To measure the normal range of dimensions of liver in children of various age groups and to compare the liver measurement obtained by palpation-percussion, auscultation and ultrasonography. This was a cross-sectional comparative study in which 500 normal (weight for height between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged less than 5y and BMI between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged more than 5y) children (0-15y) divided in 5 age groups (100 in each age group). Subjects were enroled from normal hospital delivery neonates, children visiting immunization and well baby clinics, children visiting outpatient and inpatient department with minor illnesses and healthy school children. The normal range of dimensions of liver in children were estimated and percentile tables of liver size were established. Though the measurements obtained by clinical methods were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those obtained by ultrasonography, there was a strong correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic measurement. Palpation-percussion method could estimate the liver size within ± 1.0cm of what was obtained by ultrasonography in 88% of cases. In more than half of the study children (54.2%), this estimation was within ± 0.5cm. Clinical methods of liver span estimation strongly correlate with ultrasonographic measurement. The performance of palpation-percussion method is better than that of auscultation. Clinical methods should continue to be used for the estimation of liver size.

Special consideration is required for the component-resolved diagnosis of egg allergy in infants

BackgroundThere are few reports regarding differences in reactivity to the major egg allergens according to children's age, although component-resolved diagnosis is gradually being used. ObjectiveTo investigate differences in reactivity to major egg allergens among various age groups of children with egg allergy. MethodsTwenty-seven patients diagnosed with egg allergy were included. Egg allergy was defined as a convincing history of reproducible symptoms within 2 hours of egg consumption and an egg white–specific IgE level of at least 0.35 kUA/L. Patients were divided into 3 age groups: younger than 12 months (group A, 7 subjects), 12 to 23 months (group B, 8 subjects), and at least 24 months (group C, 12 subjects). Immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay investigated IgE reactivity toward ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and ovotransferrin in eggs. ResultsImmunoblotting analysis showed that all patients in group A reacted to ovalbumin, whereas reactions to other proteins were not detected. All patients in group B displayed a reaction to ovalbumin and ovomucoid. IgE binding to ovotransferrin was shown in 3 patients in group B. All patients in group C displayed reactivity to ovalbumin, 5 patients showed a reaction to ovomucoid, and 8 patients displayed a reaction to ovotransferrin. As a patient's age increased, specific IgE binding to ovalbumin and ovotransferrin increased (P = .011 and .004). ConclusionIgE reactivity to egg allergens differs according to children's ages.

THE ALGORITHM OF COMPLEX SYNDROME-ORIENTED THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS: A MODERN APPROACH

Cystic fibrosis is a disease, which involves multiple organs and systems, and treatment of this disorder requires a complex approach (combination of medicinal and non-medicinal methods). Specialized medical care in centers for cystic fibrosis treatment allows to improve the patients’ rates of survivability and quality of life. This article contains information on the main drugs used nowadays in cystic fibrosis therapy. The authors describe the special characteristics of dornase alfa use in children of various age groups and detail the effects of this drug: powerful mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions. The rationality of including of this drug into the basic therapy both with preventative and medicinal aims as soon as a patient is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is substantiated. It is shown, that in cases of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections a patient’s condition can be stabilized with the means of continual tobramycin or sodium colistimethate inhalations, as well as the new powder form of tobramycin. It was noted, that in cystic fibrosis pancreatic enzyme can be effective only in forms of minimicrospheres. For the first time the new algorithm of complex treatment of this disease according to the symptoms and complications was offered by the authors.

Transcatheter correction of atrial septal defects in children of various age groups, its results, and effects on the right atrium remodelling

Aim. The issue of safety and effectiveness of endovascular correction of atrial septal defects (ASD) in children aged 0–3 years remains controversial, due to a range of technical challenges and inadequate knowledge on the right atrium remodeling consequences in children across age groups. We analysed the in-hospital, 30-day, and long-term (12 months) outcomes of transcatheter correction of secundum ASD and occluder implantation in 89 children. Material and methods. All patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=49) – younger children (mean age 1,7±0,6 years) who were operated before the age of 3; and Group 2 (n=40) – older children (mean age 6,2±3,2 years), who underwent the surgery after the age of 3. In both groups, no in-hospital or long-term (12 months) adverse effects, such as death, occluder migration, or the need for open surgery, were registered. Results. By Day 30 after the surgery, both groups demonstrated a consistent, significant reduction in mean size of right atrium, which persisted for the next 12 months (p&lt;0,05). Conclusion. In children aged 0–3 years, endovascular correction of ASD is safe and effective. It is also beneficial in terms of right atrium remodelling effects, both in younger children (mean age 1,7±0,6 years) and in older children (mean age 6,2±3,2 years).

QUANTITATIVE STANDARDS OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY RUSSIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN AGED 8–17 YEARS WHO WERE EXAMINED USING A TEST COMPUTER SYSTEM «PSYCHOMAT»

научный биометрический журнал, который знакомит читателя с клиническими рекомендациями и особенностями применения лекарственных и вакцинных средств у детей, предоставляет исчерпывающую информацию о воздействии лекарственных средств на плод, о проводимых в

Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya

We analyzed temporal changes in spatial patterns of active Schistosoma haematobium infection in different age groups and associated them with ponds infested with Bulinus snails. A major drought between 2001 and 2009 resulted in drying of ponds that were known sources of infection, and we detected very few or no snails in ponds that were infested in the past. The household-level spatial pattern of infection for children of various age groups in 2009 was contrasted with historical data from 2000. The significant local clustering of high- and low-infection levels among school-aged children that occurred in 2000 was absent in 2009. We attribute the disappearance of significant clustering around historical transmission hot spots to a decade-long drought in our study area. The implications of extreme weather and climate conditions on risk and transmission of S. haematobium and their relevance to control strategies are discussed.

The child’s immune system and pediatric tuberculosis

That children are more likely develop a severe form of TB is reflective of the differences in the maturational stages of their immune systems, but a paucity of data is available about how this system matures and what the relationship of these developmental immune deficiencies are with infection. Maturational deficiencies in the adaptive and innate immune systems in infants and young children may result in immature macrophage and DC function; Th1-type responses to pathogens; and a propensity to develop Th2-type CD4 T-cells in response to immunogens. In vitro responses of two groups of TST positive children at risk for TB were examined by comparing Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA)-based IGRAs with clinical and TST findings. Age-related changes in the immune capacity for specific and mitogen-induced IFN-γ production was also examined in these two groups. In the original guidelines for the use of QFT-G, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that additional studies were needed, especially in children under five years of age, both to establish the validity of the assay as a diagnostic tool in the younger age group and to compare the accuracy of the test with the TST for diagnosing active and latent TB. Of TST positive US children, 10 of the 196 (5%) were found to be QFT-G positive; nine had an indeterminate response; of the 130 children from the Philippines who had been immunized with BCG, 115 were TST positive, and seven were also QFT-G positive. In BCG immunized children, all were TST positive and BCG-immunized and because of a presumptive diagnosis of TB, all had received anti-TB therapy; of the 30 children, 14 (47%) were found to be QFT-G-IT positive and one had an indeterminate response. For the study of variations in age-related immune capacity, the capacity of IFN-γ production was measured in various age groups of children in response to specific TB peptides (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7) as well as to mitogen in amounts used in the QFT-G and the QFT-G-IT assay kits that had been provided. Both studies suggest that ELISA QFT-G and QFT-G-IT assays are useful for diagnosing TB in children and that adequate IFN-γ production was observed in all children in both groups following lymphocyte stimulation by either purified TB peptides or mitogen including those less than 5 years of age.

Neonatal vs Delayed-Onset Fourth Branchial Pouch Anomalies

To determine the presentation of third or fourth branchial pouch anomalies in various age groups of children and evaluate endoscopic cauterization as a treatment technique. Retrospective study of patients treated from 2000 to 2009. Tertiary care children's hospital. Pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years (mean age, 5.5 years), including 5 neonates. Endoscopic and/or open surgical management of third and fourth branchial pouch anomalies; clinical and endoscopic follow-up. Absence of clinical recurrence; closure of the sinus tract. Two forms of presentation were identified: a neonatal form, characterized by a voluminous and compressive cervical mass (5 of 20 [25%]) and a childhood form, presenting as a cervical abscess (15 of 20 [75%]). The vast majority of our patients regardless of presentation were treated endoscopically (n=19), with a success rate of 68% (13 of 19) after 1 procedure, 79% (15 of 19) after 2 procedures, and 89% (17 of 19) after 3 procedures. Neonatal and adult presentations require slightly different therapeutic approaches. Third and fourth branchial pouch anomalies can present in 2 distinct forms: a neonatal form and a childhood form. The endoscopic technique should be the favored approach for both forms: whenever possible, in view of its simplicity, rapidity, and the lack of serious postoperative complications. Recurrences can be treated by repeated cauterization using the same technique, with good long-term outcomes. An age-based management algorithm has been developed.

Auswirkung des Trinkwasserfluoridgehalts auf die Zahngesundheit von Erstklässlern in einem Gebiet mit natürlich erhöhter Fluoridkonzentration zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts

Since the end of the first half of the 20 (th) century it is well-known that fluoride concentrations in drinking water of about 1 ppm reduce the prevalence of dental caries by about 40-60%. This knowledge led to the fluoridation of drinking water during the second half of the 20 (th) century in many countries, including East Germany. Although the natural F (-) content in drinking water in Germany is usually very low, the eastern Eifel is one of the few larger areas in Germany with (nearly) optimal (0.7-1.0 ppm) or moderately enhanced (0.3-0.7 ppm) natural fluoride concentrations in drinking water. 30 years ago, in 1977, the caries prevalence of children of various age groups in the fluoride-rich areas of the eastern Eifel was established by Einwag to be about 40% lower than in adjacent fluoride-poor regions (0.1 ppm). Meanwhile fluoride has become available from many different sources for children of any age: e. g., toothpaste (with 500 ppm fluoride even for very young children who just got the first tooth), fluoridated salt, professional fluoride applications (paid by health insurances), the rising consumption of mineral waters (many of which have a fluoride content >0.3 ppm). This poses the question of the current influence of enhanced natural drinking water fluoride concentrations on caries prevalence in children. The results of the dental examinations of 9 555 pupils (6 or 7 years old) of the first classes of all 63 primary schools in the Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz from 5 years (2004/2005-2008/2009) are compared to the fluoride content of the drinking water. The data show no obvious correlation between dental health and fluoride concentration for any of the dental health parameters investigated. However, in spite of the low geographic resolution of social parameters, there was a notable connection between dental health status and sociodemographic indicators for the respective region. 30 years after the study by Einwag in the same region, the natural fluoride content of drinking water either had no influence on dental health at all, or this influence is so diminutive that it is exceeded by far by sociodemographic factors. Obviously there is much more fluoride available from other sources nowadays compared to 30 years ago. The results may also have implications for the administration of fluoride tablets and support the recommendations of the DGZMK (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde) from the year 2000, restricting the administration of fluoride tablets to special situations following an individual anamnesis of fluoride uptake.

Pediatric phakic intraocular lens surgery: review of clinical studies

To report on the accumulating peer-reviewed data of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation in the pediatric population. I evaluate and compare the published peer-reviewed articles for the reported efficacy and complications of phakic intraocular lens implantations in children for correction of clinically significant high refractive errors. Multiple studies have shown the relevancy and effectiveness of pIOL implantation as an alternative surgical management for highly significant pediatric ametropia in selective patients who are noncompliant with medical treatment. In the management of clinically significant severe pediatric ametropic and/or anisometropic myopia or hyperopia and in the event of nonadherence to traditional medical treatment, phakic anterior chamber IOL implantation is currently considered an effective modality of treatment. Long-term follow-up of pediatric patients following pIOL implantation is necessary. Future clinical trials should focus on children of various age groups to assess the variables of visual acuity gain or loss, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, high-order aberrations, corneal physiology, and long-term complications to accurately and properly address the safety and efficacy of the type of and the best time for pIOL implantation in treatment and/or prevention of amblyopia in children.

Trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia between 1985 and 2008

Popular media, health experts and researchers talk about a paediatric 'obesity epidemic' with exponentially increasing rates of obesity and overweight. However, some recent reports suggest that prevalence may have plateaued. This study examined trends in the prevalence of Australian childhood overweight and obesity since 1985. Specifically, it aimed to determine whether there have been (a) overall increases in average body mass index (BMI), (b) differential patterns of change within age groups and (c) increases in BMI within each weight-status category. Forty-one Australian studies of childhood weight status conducted between 1985 and 2008 were reviewed. The studies included data on 264 905 Australians aged 2-18 years, with raw data being available on 70 758 children (27%). Children were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI using the criteria of Cole et al. (BMJ, 2000). The prevalence estimates were adjusted for age and sex, and plotted against measurement year using Lowess plots and two-linear-segment models. Where raw data were available, BMI z-scores (UK 1990 standard) were plotted against measurement year for all children and children in various age groups. Lowess plots and two-linear-segment models were used to assess secular trends in BMI z-scores pre- and post-1996 within age, gender and weight-status categories. There has been a plateau, or only slight increase, in the percentage of boys and girls classified as overweight or obese, with almost no change over the last 10 years. In boys and girls, prevalence rates have settled around 21-25% for overweight and obesity together, and 5-6% for obesity alone. Similar trends were found for BMI z-scores. These patterns were fairly consistent across the age span. Within each weight-status category, average BMI has not increased. Although levels of Australian paediatric overweight remain high, the prevalence of overweight and obesity seems to have flattened and has not followed the anticipated exponential trajectory.

The Cochrane Library and acute otitis media in children: an overview of reviews

AbstractBackgroundThis overview critically evaluates the available evidence The Cochrane Library offers on the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). AOM is one of the most common clinical problems in childhood with peak incidence occurring in the first two years of life.ObjectivesTo summarize Cochrane reviews that assess the effects of treatments for AOM in children.MethodsThe Cochrane Library was searched using the terms ‘otitis media’ and ‘ear infection’. Those reviews focusing on the treatment of AOM in children were included. Data on patient relevant outcomes (pain, treatment failure, AOM recurrence, and adverse events) were extracted by two authors.Main ResultsFive reviews were included in this overview. In the first review, antibiotics were compared with placebo. Although it appeared from the reports reviewed that antibiotics have marginal efficacy (number needed to treat = 12; number needed to harm = 12), because the reviewed studies included mostly older children with mild AOM, the results can not be generalized to young children or to children with severe AOM. In the second review, short (&lt;7 days) and long courses of antibiotics were compared. Although the data were limited, shorter courses resulted in an increased likelihood of treatment failure [odds ratio (OR): 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.55]. In the third review, once‐daily administration of antibiotics was compared with two‐ or three‐times‐daily administration. Although no significant differences were noted, the quality of the original data on which the review was based was less than optimal. In the fourth review, decongestants and/or antihistamines were compared with placebo. Decongestants and antihistamines provided no appreciable benefit and were associated with significant adverse events (OR: 7.34, 95% CI: 1.67, 32.25). In the fifth review, topical analgesic drops and placebo were compared in two small studies. Use of analgesic drops was associated with significant reductions in pain level (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.33, 7.05 for pain reduction of ≥ 50%).Authors' ConclusionsAdditional well‐designed trials in children of various age groups with AOM are needed to determine the efficacy of 1) standard‐course antibiotic treatment, 2) short‐course vs standard‐course antibiotic treatment, and 3) topical analgesia. Limited evidence suggests that the use of decongestants and/or antihistamines in children with AOM should be avoided. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration

A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Guidelines: Nutrition Support of the Critically Ill Child

careful selection of the appropriate mode of feeding and monitoring the success of the feeding strategy. The use of specific nutrients, which possess a drug-like effect on the immune or inflammatory state during critical illness, continues to be an exciting area of investigation. The lack of systematic research and clinical trials on various aspects of nutrition support in the PICU is striking and makes it challenging to compile evidence based practice guidelines. There is an urgent need to conduct well-designed, multicenter trials in this area of clinical practice. The extrapolation of data from adult critical care literature is not desirable and many of the interventions proposed in adults will have to undergo systematic examination and careful study in critically ill children prior to their application in this population. In the following sections, we will discuss some of the key aspects of nutrition support therapy in the PICU; examine the literature and provide best practice guidelines based on evidence from PICU patients, where available. While some PICU popu lations include neonates, A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Guidelines for neonates will be published as a separate series.

Zur Strahlenexposition von Kindern in der pädiatrischen Radiologie

Reconstruction of organ doses of selected organs and tissues from radiographic settings and exposure data collected during chest X-ray examinations of children of various age groups performed in Dr. von Hauner's Kinderspital (children's hospital of the University of Munich, DvHK) between 1976 and 2007. The dosimetric data of all X-ray examinations performed since 1976 at DvHK were stored electronically in a database. After 30 years of data collection, the database now includes 305 107 radiological examinations (radiographs and fluoroscopies), especially 119 150 chest radiographs of all age groups. Reconstruction of organ doses in 40 organs and tissues in X-ray examinations of the chest was performed based on the conversion factor concept. The radiation exposure of organs in projection radiography is determined by the exact site of the organs relative to the edges of the X-ray field and the beam direction of X-rays. Optimal collimation in chest radiography can reduce the exposure of organs located at the periphery of the X-ray field, e. g. thyroid gland, stomach and partially the liver, by a factor of 2 to 3, while organs located in the center of the X-ray-field, e. g. thymus, breasts, lungs, esophagus and red bone marrow, are not affected by exact collimation. The high frequency of the roentgen examination of the chest in early age groups increases the collective radiation burden to radiosensitive organs. Therefore, radiation protection of the patient during chest radiographies remains of great importance.

Zur Strahlenexposition von Kindern in der pädiatrischen Radiologie

Reconstruction of the entrance dose from radiographic settings and exposure data acquired during chest X-ray examinations of children of various age groups performed at Dr. von Hauner's Kinderspital (children's hospital of the university of Munich, DvHK), between 1976 and 2007. Comparison of these entrance doses with dose values published by other radiological departments. All relevant data of all X-ray examinations performed since 1976 at DvHK, in particular the individual radiographic settings and dose measurements (dose area product), were stored electronically in a database. After 30 years of data gathering, the database now covers 305,107 radiological examinations (radiographs and fluoroscopies), especially 119 150 chest radiographs of all age groups. With the computer program PADOS developed by the authors, a specific algorithm was created to calculate radiation doses from the database using the individual dose area product values and other known exposure parameters. The entrance dose values of the chest X-rays at DvHK were able to be reduced in the last 30 years by a factor of 2 to 3 depending on the patients' age group and the beam projection. In our sample, the measured dose values for chest X-rays were far below the reference dose levels set by the Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) in 2003 and far below the entrance dose values reported by other radiological departments in Europe as well. Nevertheless, in the last years an increase in the entrance doses has been observed that easily corresponds to the introduction of a digital storage phosphor system in the department. Chest radiography is a frequently performed X-ray examination at a very low dose level. However, because of its frequency, it makes a notable contribution to the collective radiation risk of the population. Therefore, for the reduction of the collective radiation exposure, the optimization of the dose level required by chest X-rays continues to be of great importance. A reduction can be achieved with a consistent and simultaneous optimization of beam quality, exposure field and image processing system. Because of the statistically relevant number of analyzed cases, the entrance dose values presented in this paper can provide a basis for the definition of new reference dose levels.

Learning To Toot Your Own Horn: Preservice Teachers Integrating Music Into a Childhood Classroom

This study investigated preservice teachers' perspectives of integrating music in their third year of a childhood teacher education program. Preservice teachers were enrolled in a multidisciplinary course in which they learned about integrating music and had opportunities to implement such knowledge into practical teaching. One hundred sixty preservice teachers in a childhood education program from an urban public university participated in the study. They wrote reflective journals every week and also filled out surveys at the beginning and the end of the multidisciplinary course. Quantitative and qualitative data of preservice teachers' perspectives and confidence in music and music teaching were analyzed before and after the course in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The results indicated that the preservice teachers had positive attitudes toward incorporating music and had high expectations towards classroom teachers teaching with music. Upon completion of the multidisciplinary course, the preservice teachers' knowledge and confidence in incorporating musical concepts improved significantly; they also perceived themselves as more confident in teaching children in various age groups from pre-kindergarten to 5th grade. In addition, at the end of the course, they continued to hold positive attitudes toward incorporating music and high expectations to teach music in a classroom.