Turkish Children Research Articles

The prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in children aged 7-14 years in the dental setting.

Gag reflex may occur in patients of all ages and often considered having a multifactorial aetiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of gag reflex in Turkish children aged 7-14 years in the dental setting. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 320 children aged between 7 and 14 years. First, an anamnesis form which include sosyodemographic status, monthly level of income, children past medical and dental experiences was filled by mothers. Children's fear levels were evaluated using the Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule(CFSS-DS) while mother's anxiety levels using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS). The revised dentist section of gagging problem assessment questionnaire (GPA-R-de) was used for both children and mothers. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS program. The prevalence of gag reflex among children was 34.1%, among mothers was 20.3%. The association between child and mother gagging was found statistically significant (χ2 =53.121, p < 0.001). When the mother of the child gagged, the risk of child gagging increases 6.83 times (p < 0.001). Higher CFSS-DS scores of children increase risk of gagging (OR=1.052, p=0.023). Children who were previously treated mostly in public hospitals significantly more likely to gag compared with private dental clinics (OR=10.990, p < 0.001). It was concluded that negative past dental experiences, previous dental treatments with local anaesthesia, history of hospital admission, number and place of previous dental visits, dental fear level of children, and low education level and gagging of mother have an influence on the gagging of children.

Effects of Hypercaloric Enteral Feed on Malnutrition between Immigrants and Turkish Children

Effects of Hypercaloric Enteral Feed on Malnutrition between Immigrants and Turkish Children

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B, and C in Syrian Refugee Children Newly Diagnosed With Cancer.

Adult survivors of childhood cancer have an increased incidence of hepatitis due to immunosuppression and frequent blood transfusions. The immunization of children with cancer is critical for hepatitis prevention, however, access to vaccination may be restricted during times of war, such as the Syrian armed conflict. The goal of this study was to assess the pretreatment serological status of hepatitis A, B, and C in 48 Syrian refugee children with cancer diagnosed in our center between 2014 and 2021. The control group consisted of 48 Turkish children with cancer who were age, sex, and disease-matched. Fifty-eight boys and 38 girls, with a median age of 4.8 years, were included. There were 42 patients with hematological malignancies, 20 with central nervous tumors, and 34 with other solid tumors. The frequency of hepatitis A seroprevalence was not statistically different between Syrian and Turkish patients, whereas hepatitis B seroprotectivity was found to be significantly lower in Syrian children with cancer than in Turkish children. Two Syrian patients were hepatitis C virus-positive. Thirty-seven percent and 45% of all patients were seronegative for hepatitis B and hepatitis A, respectively. Our findings support the need for hepatitis screening and, if necessary, vaccination of this vulnerable population before chemotherapy.

A Proposed Method for Estimating Refractive Error in Primary School Children.

Background This study aimed to evaluate consecutive measurements of biometric parameters, age, and refraction in a cohort of Turkish primary school-age children and to assess the correlation between biometric changes and refraction. Methodology The study population was seven and 12-year-old children (n = 197). The retrieved data consisted of three consecutive measurements with a one-year interval for each subject. Data from one eye (right) were used. Age, gender, body mass index, spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry (K), and lens thickness (LT) were analyzed. The onset and final data were retrieved from the database in 2013 and 2016, respectively. Statistically, logistic and Cox regression models of all parameters were analyzed, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results The median of the onset and final SE values were -0.00 D (0.00-0.00) and 0.50 D (0.19-1.00), respectively. The onset AL (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.45-9.76, β = 1.76, p < 0.001), Kmean(HR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.67-3.11, β = 0.82, p < 0.001), and age (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59-0.99, β = -0.26, p = 0.046) were correlated with myopia progression. To calculate the estimated SE, the onset data were included in the logistic regression model. The onset SE (β = 0.916, p < 0.001), AL (β = -0.451, p < 0.001), ACD (β = 0.430, p = 0.005), and K (β = -0.172, p < 0.001) were correlated with the mean final SE. An equation was generated using the regression model analysis. Conclusions The onset parameters of SE, AL, ACD, and K were confirmed to correlate with the final SE values in the proposed model. To confirm the use of the refractive calculator, a cross-validation analysis is needed to estimate three-year subsequent refractive error among seven and 12-year-old children.

The symbolism of fear-themed drawings of Turkish and Polish children

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad rysunkiem o tematyce lęku przeprowadzonych w grupie dzieci tureckich i dzieci polskich. Celem badań było poznanie lęków dzieci w wieku 6-10 lat. Badania polegały na porównaniu symboli rozpoznanych na rysunkach dzieci obu narodowości oraz ich interpretacji uwzględniającej kontekst kulturowy. Na potrzeby analizy porównawczej sformułowane zostały następujące pytania: Jaka symbolika występuje na rysunkach badanych dzieci? Jakie są podobieństwa i różnice w symbolice przedstawionej na rysunkach? Jak można zinterpretować rozpoznane symbole? Najwięcej zidentyfikowanych symboli lęku związanych było z kategorią zwierząt. Podczas próby interpretacji znaczenia symboli autorzy badań przyjęli, że uchwycone podobieństwa wynikają z ewolucyjnego pochodzenia lęku przed zwierzętami. Natomiast zaobserwowane różnice w użytej symbolice lęku mogą być spowodowane czynnikami kulturowymi.

An Examination of Story Narration by Monolingual and Bilingual Turkish Children

In the present case study, we aimed to explore whether there were any differences between monolingual Turkish and Turkish-Italian bilingual children in terms of their use of language structures in Turkish while narrating a story from a picture book titled “Frog, where are you?” by Mayer (1969). Four monolingual Turkish and three Turkish-Italian bilingual children narrated the story. The data from the recordings indicated some differences in terms of preference for certain language features like tense differences in their story narration. While younger monolinguals reported the events in the story with past tense markers like –mIş and –Iyor, bilingual children displayed a marked tendency for the past tense –mIş marker. The older children in both groups chose to use the –Iyor marker used by monolingual teenagers and adults. We argued that such differences in preferences might indicate an effect of Italian, or the interlanguage varieties might be responsible for the discrepancies. Explanations as to why these differences might have occurred and some practical suggestions for educators are provided in the study.

Seeing the pandemic through children's eyes: Exploring Turkish children's views on COVID-19 pandemic by focus-group discussions.

The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth people are well documented. Little is known about children's experiences of the pandemic in their own words. We aimed to explore Turkish children's experiences and views about the pandemic, across private and public educational systems. Six focus group discussions were conducted online with 30 children aged between 7 to 18 years in 2021. Children were enrolled through snowball sampling technique according to developmental age groups. A thematic analysis was conducted. We identified five themes: Compliance with public health measures about preventing the spread of COVID-19, changes in daily routines, emotional responses to the pandemic, distance education, and adaptive responses. Overall, children were well informed and receptive to the public health preventive measures with the exception of older children's tendency to disregard physical distancing with friends. They reported frustration with those who did not comply with measures and believed that the authorities should strictly enforce public health requirements. Emotional responses comprised fear of family members and themselves being infected, anxiety produced by the uncertainty of the virus, and the loss of social support. There was a perceived disparity between students from public and private schools regarding academic self-competence. Positive aspects of the pandemic included positive interactions with family members and the acquisition of new hobbies. Although most children acknowledged the support of their parents to deal with challenges, children of health workers were particularly isolated in terms of emotional support. Our findings offer additional insights and validate previous research on the negative and positive effects of COVID-19 from the child's perspective across private and public educational systems. This study contributes to global advocacy efforts aimed at understanding the impact of the pandemic on children.

Evaluation of osteoporosis and related factors and quality of life of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and burnout status of parents

Background/Aim: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can negatively influence the lives of children and parents. Because it is a chronic disease, a complete recovery is not expected; additionally, children with JIA and their parents must cope with problems such as chronic pain, physical disability, school absenteeism, and social communication disorders. Children’s quality of life (QoL) may be affected by all these problems. Also, prolonged exposure to stress and failure to cope with stress may cause burnout syndrome in parents. The study aims to evaluate osteoporosis, QoL of children with JIA and the burnout status of caregivers. Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 30 patients aged 4–18 years, who were followed up for at least 6 months with the diagnosis of JIA, were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were recorded retrospectively. Daily dietary calcium intake and daily activity levels were questioned. The patients’ bone mineral densities (BMD) were measured by the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry method. Z scores below -2 were classified as the osteoporosis group, and those above -2 were classified as the non-osteoporosis group. The Turkish Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory validated and reliable in Turkish children was used to evaluate the QoL. Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to evaluate the burnout status of parents. Results: The mean age of patients was 12.6 (4.3) years. Osteoporosis was detected in 46.7% (n=14) cases. The mean age was higher (14.5 [3.7] in the osteoporosis group and 10.9 [4.1] in the non-osteoporosis group) (P=0.032) and the rate of oligoarticular JIA (7.1%), daily calcium intake (288 [168-456] mg/kg), and duration of activity (3 [2-6] hours) were lower in the osteoporosis group (P=0.039, P=0.043, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Among the QoL indicators, the physical health total score was the lowest. Emotional functionality scores decreased as the age increased (P=0.037) and increased as the BMD z-score increased (P=0.024). Emotional burnout, one of the parental burnout indicators, increased as the duration of illness increased (P=0.003), and the BMD z-score decreased (P=0.003). Depersonalization increased as the age increased (P=0.010) and the duration of the disease prolonged (P&lt;0.001) and increased as daily activity duration (P=0.032) and BMD z-score values decreased (P=0.002). Personal achievement decreased as the age increased (P=0.025) and the duration of illness (P=0.014), and the time spent watching television increased (P=0.030). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of the parents increased as the scores in any of the indicators of QoL decreased (P&lt;0.05 for each). The personal success of the parents increased as the scores in any of the indicators of QoL increased (P&lt;0.05 for each). All QoL indicators, except for social functionality and psychosocial health total score, were significantly lower in the group with osteoporosis. In addition, parents of children with osteoporosis had higher emotional burnout and depersonalization scores and lowered personal achievement scores (P&lt;0.05 for each). Conclusion: In the current study, we observed a decrease in the QoL of the children and burnout syndrome in the parents. It was found that the deterioration in children’s QoL indicators affected the burnout indicators of parents, and the presence of osteoporosis affected both QoL and parental burnout. Awareness of modifiable risk factors in children with JIA is very important. The disease and osteoporosis secondary to this disease can impair children's QoL and cause burnout in parents.

Validity and reliability of the turkish version of the early activity scale for endurance in preschool children with cerebral palsy

ABSTRACT This study presented the Turkish translation of the Early Activity Scale for Endurance (T-EASE) which was developed to evaluate the endurance for physical activity of preschool children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), and its validity and reliability. Fifty-five children with CP aged between 2 and 5 years were included in the study. The Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) were used to determine motor function levels and quality of life of the study population. The T-EASE had good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.996), internal consistency (α = 0.903), higher construct validity approved by confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity supported by the weak-to-strong correlations between T-EASE and GMFCS, and PODCI. The T-EASE scores were significantly different between GMFCS levels (p < .05). The T-EASE was found to be valid and reliable to determine the endurance for physical activity of Turkish pre-school children with CP with the sensitivity to changes in motor function levels.

Examination of the psychometric properties of pediatric-modified total neuropathy score in Turkish children with cancer

BackgroundEvaluation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy has gained importance in symptom management of pediatric patients with cancer. This study aimed to perform the Turkish validity and reliability study of the Pediatric-Modified Total Neuropathy Score (Ped-mTNS). MethodsA methodological, descriptive, and cross-sectional design was used in the study. Forty children aged between 5 and 18 and were treated for cancer and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy children (control group) were included in the study. The mean scores of the items on the Ped-mTNS were compared, and item-total score correlations were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Ped-mTNS was calculated for internal consistency. FindingsCronbach's alpha value of the scale was found as 0.709. The item-total correlations of the scale items ranged from 0.260 to 0.658. The mean score of cancer patients on the Ped-mTNS was found as 4.4 ± 3.8. DiscussionPed-mTNS scores of children with cancer indicated more deficits than those of the control group. In the evaluation of children in the patient and control groups, a difference was found in terms of light touch sensation, which is one of the sensory symptoms in the items of the Ped-mTNS, and pin sensibility and strength, which are among the clinical symptoms. Application to practiceThe Ped-mTNS was determined to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for children with cancer aged between 5 and 18 in the Turkish population.

Activities of the Istanbul Branch of the Turkish Child Protection Society (1917–1935)

Activities of the Istanbul Branch of the Turkish Child Protection Society (1917–1935)

Turkish Adaptation and Validation of Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire Parent Form.

Behavioral inhibition has been proposed as a temperamental risk factor for the development of childhood anxiety disorders universally; however, there is no validated instrument for, especially, its evaluation in Turkish children. This study aimed to examine reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form for children aged 3-7 years. Around 250 mothers or fathers of 3-7 years old children were recruited from non-clinical population to collect responses to the questionnaires. The sample was created by reaching 3 schools at preschool or elementary grade for the purpose of providing the questionnaires filled about the student and/or his/her little sisters and brothers by their parents; questionnaires were sent out to parents and then gathered. Parents were asked to fill sociodemographic data form, Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form, Children Behavior Questionnaire, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionaire parent form in order to perform convergent and divergent validity analyses. As a result of reliability analysis, total Cronbach alpha coefficient for Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire was determined as 0.92 with strong reliability. The internal consistency coefficients for Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire subscales also showed strong reliability with alphas ranging between 0.81 and 0.87 except for the performance (α = 0.69) and physical challenges (α = 0.19) subscales of which some items were excluded due to item-total correlations and confirmatory factor analysis results. In the validity assessment analyses, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire has a construct validity with 5 factors loaded on the 2-second order main factors and one third-order final factor (root mean square error = 0.032, root mean square residual = 0.153, Comparative Fit Index = 0.978, Goodness of Fit İndex = 0.915, and Turker-Lewis Index = 0.970). While the strongest correlations with the overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score were found for 2 main subscales, inhibition to social novelties (r = 0.926, P < .001) and situational novelties (r = 0.928, P < .001), similarly peers (r = 0.848, P < .001) and new situations (r = 0.898, P < .001) subscales, had strong correlations with the overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score. The weakest correlation with overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score was observed for physical challenges subscale even though this subscale displayed moderate association (r = 0.454, P < .001). A good convergent validity was determined accompanied by significant moderate positive correlations with Children Behavior Questionnaire shyness and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire internalizing scales. An adequate divergent validity was also demonstrated based on significant positive mild to moderate correlations with Children Behavior Questionnaire impulsivity, Children Behavior Questionnaire smiling/laugh, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire prosocial scales, and non-significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire externalizing scale. The study demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form is an effective tool with good reliability and validity among 3-7 years old children.

Risk factors for coronary arterial involvement in Turkish children with Kawasaki disease: a multicenter retrospective study.

Coronary arterial lesions (CALs) are the major component of Kawasaki disease (KD), associated with significant morbidity, which affect a substantial proportion of patients despite proper treatment. The aim of this study was to define the risk factors for CALs in Turkish children with KD. Medical records of 399 KD patients from five pediatric rheumatology centers in Turkey were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical (including duration of fever before intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG] and resistance to IVIG), laboratory and echocardiographic data were noted. The patients with CALs were younger, had a higher male ratio and a longer duration of fever before IVIG. They also had higher lymphocyte and lower hemoglobin values before the initial treatment. Multiple logistic regression analyses defined the following three criteria as independent risk factors for predicting CALs in Turkish children with KD: age ≤12 months, male gender and duration of fever before IVIG ≥9.5 days. High sensitivity rates of elevated risk of CALs up to 94.5% were calculated despite specificity values falling to 16.5%, depending on which of these three parameters are taken into account. Based on the demographic and clinical features, we established an easily applicable risk-scoring system for predicting CALs in Turkish children with KD. This may be useful for choosing appropriate treatment and follow-up for KD to prevent coronary artery involvement. Further studies will show whether these risk factors can be used in other Caucasian populations as well.

Adeloye – Odeku Disease in Turkish children: A Case Report and a Short Literature Review

Adeloye – Odeku Disease in Turkish children: A Case Report and a Short Literature Review

Body image dissatisfaction among school children in Turkey and its potential effect on body esteem.

This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of Collins` Body Figure Perceptions and Preferences (BFPP) scale. The second aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and body esteem (BE), and between body mass index (BMI) and BID, among Turkish children. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 2066 4th grade children (mean age was 10.06 ± 0.37 years) in Ankara, Turkey. The Feel-Ideal Difference (FID) index from Collins` BFPP was used to assess the degree of BID. FID ranges from -6 to +6, with scores below or above 0 indicating BID. Collins` BFPP`s test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subset of 641 children. The Turkish version of the BE Scale for Adolescents and Adults was used to evaluate the children` BE. More than half of the children were dissatisfied with their own body images (57.8% of girls vs. 42.2% of boys, p < .05). The lowest BE score in both genders was among adolescents who desired to be thinner (p < .01). The criterion-related validity of Collins` BFPP, in relation to BMI and weight, was at an acceptable level in girls (BMI rho= 0.69, weight rho= 0.66) and boys (BMI rho= 0.58, weight rho= 0.57), and was statistically significant in all cases (p < .01). The test-retest reliability coefficients of Collins` BFPP were found to be moderately high for both girls (rho=0.72) and boys (rho=0.70). Collins` BFPP scale is a reliable and valid tool for Turkish children aged 9-11 years. This study demonstrates that more Turkish girls than boys were dissatisfied with their bodies. Children who were affected by overweight/obesity and underweight had a higher BID than those with a normal weight. It is important to evaluate adolescents` BE and BID in addition to their anthropometric measurements during their regular clinical follow-up.

Comparação de quatro ferramentas diferentes de triagem de risco nutricional em crianças hospitalizadas

ABSTRACT Objective: Early detection of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children can improve health outcomes and quality of life; however, the number of studies where the pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children is limited. Therefore, this article aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition risk in pediatric patients evaluated with Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, and Simple Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with original and adjusted cutoffs and to evaluate which pediatric screening tool is appropriate for Turkish children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four published nutritional risk screening tools (Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score, Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool) were applied to pediatric inpatients (n=604) aged 1 month to 17 years, admitted to a pediatric ward for at least 24 hours. Results: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs had the greatest recognition rate (94.2%) of acute malnutrition. Having a high nutritional risk by Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score was associated with an increased risk of acute (OR: 6.57 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 5.84 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 20.35 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.27 for Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, 3.28 for Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, and 1.72 for Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score). Classifying the at-risk category by the Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool was related to raised odds of malnutrition (OR: 2.64 for original and 5.24 for adjusted cutoffs). This positive association was also observed for acute (OR: 4.07 for original cutoffs, and 28.01 for adjusted cutoffs) and chronic malnutrition (OR: 1.14 for original cutoffs, and 1.67 for adjusted cutoffs). Conclusion: Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tool with adjusted cutoffs and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score have higher diagnostic accuracy than other screening tools in assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized Turkish children and detecting children, particularly with acute malnutrition.

Static and Dynamic Pupillometry in 2q37 Microdeletion Syndrome in a Turkish Child

Static and Dynamic Pupillometry in 2q37 Microdeletion Syndrome in a Turkish Child

Evaluation of thymopoiesis in healthy Turkish children aged 0-6 years.

Early diagnosis and effective treatment serve as life-saving procedures for primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) which are very common and a major public health problem in Turkey. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is constitutively a T-cell defect in which naïve T-cell development is defective due to the mutations in genes responsible for the T cell differentiation and insufficient thymopoiesis. So, assessment of thymopoiesis is very important in the diagnosis of SCID and several combined immune deficiencies (CIDs). The purpose of this study is to examine thymopoiesis in healthy children via measurement of recent thymic emigrants (RTE); T lymphocytes that express CD4, CD45RA and CD31 to establish the RTE reference values in Turkish children. RTE were measured in the peripheral blood (PB) of 120 healthy infants and children between 0-6 years including cord blood samples, by flow cytometry. The absolute count of RTE cells and their relative ratios were found to be higher during the first year of life, being highest at the 6th month and tending to decrease significantly by age following birth (p=0.001). In the cord blood group, both values were lower than those in the 6-month-old group. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) varying by age, was found to reduce to 1850/mm³ in 4-years and after. Here we evaluated normal thymopoiesis and established the normal reference levels of RTE cells in the peripheral blood of healthy children aged between 0-6 years. We believe that the collected data will contribute to early diagnosis and monitoring of immune reconstitution; serving as an additional fast and reliable marker for many PID patients especially for SCID including many other CIDs, especially in nations where newborn screening (NBS) via T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) has not yet become available.

How do determinants of health relate to children's quality of life? A cross-sectional study in Izmir, Turkey.

This study aims to determine health-related quality of life (QoL) and the related factors from the perspective of social determinants of health among children. Childhood is the most intense period of life, and environmental factors surrounding children, as well as individual lifestyle factors, are related to the child's physical and mental well-being. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies evaluating the relationship between determinants of health and the QoL of healthy children in general. This cross-sectional study was executed in the Bayrakli district of Izmir city. Stratified clustered sampling was used including 24 schools and 3367 7th-grade children, and 1284 students were targeted (50% prevalence, 95% CI, %5 margins of error, 2.25 design effect, and 20% replacement). The response rate was 84.9% (n = 1090). The Turkish KID-KINDL Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children was used to assess QoL. Independent variables were examined in four layers using Dahlgren's Determinants of Health Model: basic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family characteristics, and life conditions. The mean QoL score was 71.3 ± 12.6. Our study explained 31.7% of the variance in QoL. Higher QoL scores were associated with better health status, perceived academic achievement, normal/thin body perception, physical activity (PA), and adequate sleep duration. Living with both parents and having fewer siblings positively influenced QoL. Moreover, the presence of structural problems in the household and poorer health perceptions were associated with lower QoL scores (P < 0.05) This study highlighted the multifaceted nature of QoL in Turkish children, revealing the importance of various determinants of health. The results show that in order to improve the general well-being of this population, interventions and policies are required that concentrate on elements including health status, academic accomplishment, body perception, physical activity, family structure, and living situations.

Mustafa Ruhi Shirin as a new stage in Turkish children's literature

Mustafa Ruhi Shirin as a new stage in Turkish children's literature