Parents Of Children Research Articles

‘To be on the seventh sky’: exploring the nature and push of key factors in Indian parents’ choice for shadow education

ABSTRACT This research contributes to the current discourse about the role of parentocracy in the expansion of shadow education (known as private tutoring or supplementary instruction) for primary -grade children. Multiple data collection techniques were employed through the distribution of open-ended questionnaires and one-to-one semi-structured interviews, involving 171 parents of primary-grade children belonging to North India. The thematic analysis of the data highlighted the motivations of parents for engaging their children in shadow education and its significant impacts. In addition, the research highlighted the relationship between parents’ socioeconomic status and the accessibility of shadow education for primary grade children. The study has further explored the role of parental educational background in influencing the expansion of shadow education for primary grade children. The findings concluded that the most significant motivation of parents for engaging their primary grade children in shadow education is reducing the screen time of their children.

The impact of web-based education provided to parents on the nutritional risk of preschoolers: A quasi-experimental study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based nutrition education for parents of preschool children in reducing nutritional risk. The study was conducted in a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. Parents of 3-5-year-old children from 11 preschools in Istanbul participated. They underwent a web-based nutrition education program. The NutriSTEP assessment tool was used to evaluate the nutritional risk score as a pretest assessment, followed by the training program. Posttests were conducted at 1- and 3-month intervals. Before the intervention, 55.8% of the children exhibited high nutritional risk. After the intervention, this percentage decreased significantly at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups, with 94.2% and 93.6% of the children classified as low risk, respectively. The analysis also revealed significant associations between children's eating behaviours and factors such as maternal education, family income and family structure. As a result, web-based nutrition education was effective in reducing nutritional risk among preschool children. The findings underscore the importance of using technology for nutrition interventions, especially in diverse populations. The training program's simple, short and understandable video increased participants' interest in the training and encouraged regular follow-up.

Resilience and strengths in the Black autism community in the United States: A scoping review.

Gaps in research knowledge pertaining to resiliency factors and strengths among the Black autism community, inclusive of autistic persons and their support system exist. A scoping review was conducted to further explore quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that investigate resiliency factors and related strengths in the Black autism community in the United States. A total of 436 articles were identified, with 28 studies included in the final review. Results demonstrated that (1) strengths of Black autistic persons across the life course have been disregarded in research; (2) Black caregiver advocacy, while common, is also a developmental process that can be supported by community-based interventions; (3) informal supports including family and friends play an instrumental role in supporting the well-under investigated being of Black parents of autistic children; and (4) spirituality is often endorsed by Black caregivers of autistic children, such as playing a role in acceptance of the autism diagnosis and with coping with difficult life situations. Research and practice implications are discussed.

Parental Phubbing Behavior and Adolescents' Online Gaming Time: The Mediating Role of Electronic Health Literacy.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parents' phubbing behavior and children's online gaming time. More importantly, we investigated the mediating role of electronic health literacy in this association. A total of 1200 questionnaires were sent out and 1130 effective questionnaires were returned, an effective recovery of 94.17%. As some students did not answer part of the EHL survey, eventually only 867 students were included in this study based on the selected independent variables and the degree of questionnaire completion. Both tools used for measuring parental phubbing and electronic health literacy passed confirmatory factor analyses. To analyze the mediating effect of electronic health literacy on parental phubbing behavior and online gaming time, 5000 datapoints were sampled using the Bootstrapping method. The results indicated that parents' phubbing was positively related to their children's online gaming time, which was mediated by electronic health literacy, parental phubbing is positively and significantly correlated with electronic health literacy, and electronic health literacy is negatively and significantly correlated with online gaming time among adolescents. Electronic health literacy partially mediates the relationship between parental phubbing behavior and adolescent online gaming time, and Chinese students' electronic health literacy is a two-dimensional structure consisting of health information acquisition and application. This study is the first empirical study to explore the relationship between parental phubbing behavior and the amount of time adolescents spend playing games online.

Grandparent support moderates the relation between socioeconomic status and children's cognitive development.

Grandparents support American families in many ways, but they have often been overlooked in research on typical families (e.g., parents raising children). We examined whether grandparents have a positive influence on children's development by buffering the relation between parents' socioeconomic status (SES) and children's cognitive development. Parents (N = 437) from 45 U.S. states reported on 1,047 grandparent relationships with their 3- to 5-year-old children (Mage = 4.18 years) and how helpful grandparents are regarding financial, instrumental, emotional, and informational support, which were summed together across all grandparent relationships. We found that SES (a composite of family income and parents' average education) was significantly related to preschoolers' cognitive development (a composite of receptive and expressive language, literacy, and numbers). However, this relation was weaker when grandparents provided a higher level of support. Most families received grandparent support of basic child needs (e.g., clothing) and educational resources that could contribute to children's cognitive development (e.g., books). Grandparents provided greater financial, instrumental, emotional, and informational support to parents when they were emotionally close to the grandchild and interacted frequently. However, only emotional support was related to the geographical distance to the grandchild. These results suggest that even in parent-led American families, grandparents play a supportive, buffering role against the potential negative effects of lower SES on children's cognitive development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Clinical study on the intervention effect of digital therapy on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of digital therapy for children aged 6 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From January to March 2023, 52 children aged 6 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Hubei Province, China were selected for intervention using the “MindPro1” attention training software developed by Jiangsu Ruinao Qizhi Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Before the intervention, the children were in a stable treatment state, and no modifications were made to the original treatment plan during the MindPro1 intervention. Subjects with severe mental illness or other conditions that may affect the implementation and evaluation of disease treatment were excluded. Subjects completed the planned 4-week intervention, and changes in attention-related variables were assessed using the Test of Attention Variables (TOVA) and the parent version of the 18-item SNAP-IV scale (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale) before and after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the response rate of the 18-item SNAP-IV-Parent scale, which was ≥ 30% improvement from baseline, was higher than 27.5% (better than similar products on the market); the SNAP-IV parent score improved (P < 0.001), with statistical significance; the TOVA-ACS score improved (P < 0.05), with statistical significance. The acceptance rate of parents of children was 100%, and the average compliance rate was 95%. There were 4 cases (7.69%) of adverse reactions that may be related to the device in this trial, which recovered spontaneously within 2 days of discontinuation, and no serious adverse events occurred. After 4 weeks of treatment with ADHD auxiliary treatment software, the objective attention assessment data and attention function assessment scale were significantly improved. Parents had a high acceptance of the software, the average compliance rate of participants was high, and the incidence of related adverse events was low and mild.

Through the eyes of the parents: a transdiagnostic psychiatric perspective for children with differences of sexual development.

Existing literature lacks data on a subgroup exhibiting psychiatric symptoms below the DSM-5 diagnostic threshold within DSD cases. Our study aims to assess parental knowledge, attitudes toward DSD, and parental perceptions of emotional and behavioral states through a transdiagnostic perspective. The study was conducted with a total of 35 parents of children with DSD. Two groups were established via k-means clustering, based on psychiatric symptomatology levels, derived from The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire- Parent Form and The Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale- Parent Form: with one group exhibiting lower reported psychiatric symptoms (LPS=27) and the other demonstrating higher psychiatric symptoms (HPS=8) by parents. Our study found that many parents were hesitant to disclose DSD diagnoses to their children, believing them to be too young to comprehend the information (42.9 %) and that they were unaware of the available support that could be provided by the medical team in disclosing the diagnosis (25.7 %). Our study found no differences in DSM-5 diagnoses between HPS and LPS groups (p>0.05), with ADHD being the most prevalent diagnosis (21.7 %) and a significant overrepresentation of children with a discrepancy between assigned gender at birth and gender upbringing in the HPS group compared to the LPS group (p<0.001). Our study emphasizes the necessity of a transdiagnostic approach in psychiatry to move beyond binary conceptualizations and better understand the complexities of individuals with DSD.

Correlation between parental willingness to pay, health-related quality of life, and satisfaction with physiotherapy services in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Being a parent of a child with a disability requiring many clinic visits is burdensome. Therefore, understanding the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for physiotherapy for children with disability is important to facilitating access to care and for policy-making. This study aimed to investigate patterns and correlates of parental WTP for physiotherapy. Methods A total of 65 parents of children with disability receiving physiotherapy as outpatients were recruited from selected tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. A WTP questionnaire, SF-12 health survey, and Physiotherapy Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to assess the WTP, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and satisfaction with physiotherapy respectively. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages were used to summarize the data. Chi-square and regression analysis were also used to test the association and determinants of WTP from each of the socio-demographic factors, satisfaction with physiotherapy, and health-related quality of life, respectively. Results A majority (49.2%) of the respondents were in the 21–35 years age category. There was 30.8% “no WTP” for physiotherapy among parents of children with disability. A significant association was observed between socio-economic status and WTP for all treatment modalities (p &lt; 0.05). The majority of the respondents had above-average levels of physical and mental health domain of SF-12. No significant association was observed between WTP and each satisfaction with physiotherapy and HRQoL (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion There was a high rate of ‘no WTP’ for physiotherapy among parents of children with disability. Level of satisfaction with physiotherapy and health-related quality of life was not significantly associated with parental WTP for physiotherapy.

The Effects of Having a Child with Cancer on Parental Psychology: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: In childhood cancers, parents are affected psychologically as well as children. We aimed to evaluate the effect of childhood cancer type and stage, as well as elapsed time from diagnosis, on the anxiety and stress indicators among parents. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 0–18 years and diagnosed with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy (0–1 month, 1–6 month, 6–12 month) and completed treatment were included. Parents of those children (mother or father) who agreed to participate this study were also included. The personal information form and three psychological assessment scales (Beck Hopelessness Scale (PSS), Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS), Uncertainty Intolerance Scale (IUS)) were used for assessment of mental health of the parents. Scores of the scales and clinical features of the children with cancer were compared statistically. Results: The study included 84 parents (57 mothers, 27 fathers) and 84 children. The rate of children with solid tumors was 60% (n:50) and 40% of them were metastatic, which means advanced stage. The rate of the children with leukemia was 40% (n:34) and 23% of them were in high-risk group. According to the type (leukemia vs. solid tumors) and stage (high risk/advanced stage vs. others) of the cancer, there was no statistical difference among parents in the psychological scales (p &gt; 0.05). Additionally, results of the psychological scales showed no significant difference between mothers and fathers (p &gt; 0.05). The hopelessness scores are significantly higher among parents whose child’s treatment is terminated compared with those whose active therapy is ongoing, and resilience scores are higher among parents who have less than 1 month since diagnosis of childhood cancer than later periods. Conclusions: The regular assessment of mental health among parents of children with cancer across all the survivorship trajectory: at the time of diagnosis, during active therapy, and after treatment.

Experiences of parents with very premature-born children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: A qualitative study.

Premature birth is a traumatic and stressful situation for parents who are immediately separated from their infant because of the newborn's need for specialized care. The staff of these units are in charge of following the principles of family-centred care and practices for neonates at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including providing training to the family during their hospital stay and after being discharged. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of parents of premature children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in regard to care, interventions and assistance provided during the first months of their child's life. A qualitative descriptive study was carried out through individual interviews. The data analysis was conducted through a thematic analysis. The methodology and results were reported following the standards for preparing qualitative research reports and recommendations. Twenty-one parents of premature children were interviewed. From these interviews, three main themes emerged: (i) parents' perspectives on preterm birth risk communication, (ii) navigating parental support and early interventions in preterm birth and (iii) perceptions of preterm birth protective and challenging factors. The parents of premature children need to receive better communication about the care and interventions for their child, and it is necessary that health personnel are better trained in terms of management and administration of public resources. Strategies must be implemented that continuously guide parents on the follow-up and care of their premature child not only during their first moments of life but also after being discharged from the hospital. This study highlights the need to improve care for parents with premature infants at risk, emphasizing the necessity for health care system reforms and support structures, allowing health care professionals to enhance attention and care.

Facilitators and barriers of adherence to rectal interventions by parents of young children with functional constipation: a qualitative study.

Functional constipation in children is a worldwide problem that impacts both children's gastrointestinal function and the quality of family life. The treatment of this condition often depends on parental involvement to administer rectal interventions to their children to stimulate defecation. However, adherence to rectal interventions is currently suboptimal. We sought to explore the factors that facilitate and hinder parents from adherence to rectal interventions. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with parents of infants and young children with functional constipation requiring rectal interventions from March to May 2023. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Fourteen parents participated in the study. Parents reported the main facilitators of adherence to prescribed rectal interventions as recognition of illness severity, support from family and friends, and medical resource support and e-health literacy. Parents reported the primary barriers as information barriers, family conflict, cognitive misalignment, and difficulties in accessing healthcare services. Rectal interventions are often essential in managing constipation in young children, with parental compliance being crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare providers must consider the psychosocial aspects of parents' perceptions, adhere to guidelines to standardize communication, and ensure comprehensive education to improve medication literacy.

A method and approach for evaluating coparenting events during couples group interventions.

When interventionists stimulate productive father-mother dialogues around coparenting, there are numerous potential benefits for families. Families stand to benefit from more positive involvement of fathers with both coparents and children, key contributors to healthy child developmental outcomes. In this report, we introduce a new strategy and rating system for helping practitioners and supervisors assess the nature and quality of coparenting-related dialogues and conversations in the context of couples group interventions. The system derives from analysis of 24 relationship-enhancement groups, 13 enrolling English-speaking couples and 11 enrolling Spanish-speaking couples, all parents of young children. All groups were co-led by a male-female team explicitly trained to focus on marital and parenting themes and supervised to address couples issues - not coparenting issues explicitly. All co-leaders spoke the native language of group participants. We documented how frequently coparenting events occurred, and how the nature and quality of events varied within and across groups. Overall, in both English- and Spanish-speaking groups expressly assembled to focus on marital and parenting issues, coparenting events occurred relatively infrequently. At the same time, both mothers and fathers appeared motivated to raise and discuss issues associated with their coparenting, and extended discussions about coparenting issues broached by the parents blossomed in approximately 37% of all instances. Process-oriented (rather than didactic) co-leader responses appeared especially helpful in scaffolding prolonged coparenting discussions. We propose that use of the system as a training, supervision and self-assessment tool can help clinicians become more consciously aware of how well their interventions succeed in promoting and scaffolding coparenting conversations during group interactions.

Intergenerational Language Transmission of Frisian and Low Saxon in the Netherlands

An important mechanism for language maintenance is transmission from parents to their children. This mechanism is stronger for the regional language Frisian than it is for Low Saxon in the northern Netherlands. In this study, we assessed many variables potentially associated with parental language transmission for these regional languages. We analyzed questionnaire responses from around 25,000 Frisian and Low Saxon speakers participating in the Lifelines cohort study. Transmission was strongly associated with whether their children's other parent speaks the same language, and with the frequency of language use in different social contexts. Other important factors included language attitudes and the degree of urbanization of the respondent's neighborhood. Taken together, these findings suggest that language maintenance for Frisian and Low Saxon could potentially be bolstered by adequately stimulating positive language attitudes and the use of the language in different social contexts by both the government and smaller societal organizations.

Parent Perspectives on Parent-Mediated Intervention for Young Children With Down Syndrome.

Parent-mediated intervention (PMI) is a potentially scalable approach for tailored interventions in neurogenetic conditions like Down syndrome (DS). Because PMIs require ongoing parent engagement, they must be developed in alignment with the needs of intended users. The present study examined caregiver opinions and preferences to inform the development of syndrome-informed interventions for children with DS. Parents of children with DS (n = 34) participated in focus groups discussing PMI. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was applied to code the data. Three themes were identified: advantages of PMI, disadvantages of PMI and preferred features of PMI. To align with parent preferences, future PMIs for children with DS should require a brief time commitment, blend intervention activities into daily routines and include family members in activities. Findings have implications for developing novel interventions to support early development in children with DS and other neurogenetic conditions.

Development of "ATAP" (Al Qur'an therapy to answer the problem) in improving self-compassion and resilience of parents of children with special needs

The purpose of this research is to develop and test the Al-Quran Therapy to Answer the Problem (ATAP) therapy model against the low value of resilience and self- compassion owned by parents of children with special needs. This research uses a type of development research or Research and Development (R&amp;D) with the ADDIE approach. With the number of samples being 30 parents of children with special needs taken using in-depth interview techniques Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation, and documentation at PKBM Lentera Fajar Indonesia, Sidoarjo. The development of the ATAP model is designed in accordance with the circumstances of parents of children with special needs who lack the value of resilience and self-compassion in themselves and the features presented will be wrapped in a simple way so that it will be easier for parents of children with special needs to access it. The test results from the use of ATAP found that parents of children with disabilities were greatly helped by the therapies presented, ranging from reading Quranic commentaries related to their situation, listening to and viewing motivational videos or lectures from ustadz and even being helped by the additional reminder notifications to read the Quran. The effect of using ATAP will increase the value of resilience and self-compassion of parents of children with disabilities and can get out of all the pressure, stress, high anxiety and fear that has been haunting the minds of parents of children with special needs.

Supporting Weight Loss Among Parents of Children With a Disability: Lessons Learned From a Single-Arm Pilot Study.

This study assessed weight change in the parents of children with disabilities following a 12-week, remotely delivered weight loss program focused on lifestyle modifications and found a significant median weight reduction of 3 kg from baseline to week 12.

Questionnaire-based subjective evaluation and analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment with the vacuum bell in children with pectus excavatum: a cross-sectional observational study.

Vacuum bell (VB) is a technique to treat pectus excavatum in children. Its effectiveness and influencing factors, however, remain under investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect and its influencing factors of VB in children with pectus excavatum. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Parents of children with pectus excavatum who underwent treatment with a VB between January 2018 and December 2019 were recruited. A survey was designed based on previously related studies and delivered to the parents in September-October 2021. The therapeutic effect was analyzed using subjective experiences by parents. Factors related to effectiveness were analyzed through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Of the 77 surveys distributed, 65 (84%) were returned. The mean duration of VB was 23.20 (SD 9.86) months. Caregivers rated the effect of VB treatment as moderate (41.5%), good (46.2%), excellent (12.3%). There were 39 children (60%) who had at least one pause of using VB for more than two weeks. Univariate analysis showed no significant difference between age, height, weight, duration of VB (months) and the effectiveness of VB therapy as defined by caregivers (p > 0.05) and significant difference were observed of the variables "complication of petechiae" (p = 0.034) and "device returned to manufacturer for repair" (p = 0.011). The multivariate logistic regression showed that the occurrence of complication petechiae (p = 0.046) was an influential factor for the effectiveness of VB. The evaluations reported by the parents suggested that the VB treatment was effective, although with varying degrees. The complication of petechiae seems an influencing factor to successful VB treatment in children with pectus excavatum. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome and effect of VB and to improve the device and to reduce complications in order to enhance compliance and improve effectiveness.

“She mimicked the manipulations on my hand”: fostering embodied care among children with recurrent acute respiratory tract infections in Southern China

IntroductionWhen young children experience recurrent respiratory infections, caregivers face the challenge of preventing new episodes whilst maintaining close rapport with their children. Pediatric massage, such as pediatric Tuina, entails soft massage of the skin, administered by trained providers. This non-pharmaceutical measure is used to prevent new respiratory infections in China. The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of caregivers’ experiences and perceptions of providing pediatric Tuina treatment to their children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.MethodsA qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Sixteen mothers from Southern China, whose children had received pediatric Tuina for recurrent respiratory tract infections, participated online. Analysis was conducted according to the principles of reflexive thematic analysis, using the NVivo qualitative research software.ResultsThe overarching theme was “Fostering embodied care with children”. Caregivers assessed pediatric Tuina by hearing others’ experiences of pediatric Tuina, as well as observing the manipulations on their child’s body and their bodily reactions during pediatric Tuina sessions. Caregivers also closely observed children’s bodily changes after pediatric Tuina sessions. Embodied attachment between children and adults was nurtured through the pediatric Tuina. Compared to other treatments or medical consultations, children were more relaxed and more involved in embodied care, which involved direct skin touching and verbal communication from the pediatric Tuina provider. Children also took the initiative to bring pediatric Tuina into their family life, by asking caregivers to perform it on them and mimicking the manipulations on the caregivers’ hand.ConclusionsPediatric Tuina served as a means of interaction between children and adults, fostering an embodied care on both a physical and emotional level. Beyond its potentially preventive effect on recurrent respiratory tract infections, pediatric Tuina could be a support for parents of children with recurrent or chronic disease at home.

Black Mothers of Children With and Without ADHD: Relationships Among Maternal Psychopathology, Parenting Stress, and Parenting Cognitions.

Parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) endorse increased parenting stress and lower levels of parenting efficacy and satisfaction as compared to parents of children without ADHD. Additionally, maternal ADHD and depression differentiate children with and without ADHD, with children with ADHD being more likely to have a mother with psychopathology. With a focus on an understudied population, we investigated the extent to which maternal self-reported ADHD and depression were associated with self-reported parenting stress and parenting cognitions in 70 Black mothers of children with (maternal Mage = 35.52, SD = 6.49) and without ADHD (maternal Mage = 35.39, SD = 6.53) recruited from a metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. Analyses indicated that Black mothers of children with ADHD reported higher levels of parenting stress, lower levels of parenting efficacy, and lower levels of parenting satisfaction. However, there were no significant differences between groups on measures of maternal ADHD or depression. Maternal depression significantly accounted for variability in both parenting satisfaction and parenting stress beyond child ADHD and maternal education. With maternal depression in the models, the association between maternal ADHD and parenting stress and parenting satisfaction lost significance. Given the racial disparities in the treatment of ADHD, future research should focus on investigating the linkages between maternal depression, parenting stress, parenting satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in Black mothers in order to delineate whether there are cultural adaptations that may improve treatment utilization rates for child ADHD within this population.

"Something Wicked This Way Comes, Chuckles” Humor and the Uncanny in Shirley Jackson's Charles

This research looks at how Shirley Jackson's short story "Charles" blends the uncanny and humor to delve into more complex psychological and sociological concerns. The study aims to analyze the roles that humor and the uncanny play in the story, as well as how they impact tone and mood and how they depict parental perspective and childhood behavior. This study employs qualitative theme analysis to examine how Jackson combines the uncanny and humor to address larger psychological and societal issues. Data analysis entails finding themes and patterns connected to these elements, whereas data collection is closely reading the text and concentrating on any instances of humor and the uncanny. The key findings emphasize the deft application of humor and the uncanny to investigate the intricacies of childhood and parenthood and to question societal standards. The analysis highlights the significance of Jackson's work in analyzing common human experiences and social interactions while also advancing our comprehension of her narrative techniques and thematic themes.