Parents Of Normal Children Research Articles

Evaluation of Awareness and Performance of Parents of Children with Cancer Regarding Oral and Dental Health

Background: Studies have shown the high prevalence of dental caries among children with cancer. Since parents’ awareness affects their children’s oral and dental health, this study was conducted to investigate the awareness and performance of parents of children with cancer regarding oral and dental health. Methods: This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on the parents of 3-13-year-old normal (n = 110) and cancer-case (n = 110) children in Ahvaz, Iran, during the fall of 2022. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were utilized to investigate the relationship between awareness and performance. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24, and the significance level was P < 0.05. Results: Parents of normal children were more aware of oral and dental hygiene, but it is not statistically significant (P-value = 0.313 < 0.05). The results related to measuring parental performance showed that parents of normal children have a higher performance level than parents of cancer children, which is significant (P-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusions: The awareness and performance of parents of children with cancer regarding their children’s oral and dental health were insufficient. Therefore, parents’ information should be increased in various ways, and children should be referred to a dentist based on a regular plan for preventive and therapeutic goals.

An Analysis of Attitude of Parents towards Children with Intellectual Disability

The objective of study was to analyze attitude of parents towards theirintellectually disable children and parents of normal children towards theirnormal children. The study was descriptive in nature and survey methodwas used to collect the data from sample of N=200 (n=100 parents ofintellectually disable children and n=100 parents of normal children) fromFaisalabad division of Punjab Province. For the selection of sample theconvenient sampling technique was used. Parental age group was 26-55years, either mother or fathers were included in the sample based on theavailability and children age group was among 6-15 years. Parentsbelonged to different residential areas and have different level ofeducation. Index of parental attitude (IPA) was used to collect the data.Statistical analysis of the collected data showed that there is significantdifference in the parental attitude among parents of intellectually disabledchildren and parents of normal children. There is no significant differencein the parental attitude of fathers and mothers towards their intellectuallydisabled children. There is no significant difference in the parental attitudetowards intellectually disabled children on the basis of age of parents.There is significant difference in the parental attitude towardsintellectually disabled children on the basis of their education.

Investigation of stress level and parenting style among parents of children diagnosed as attention deficit and hyperactivity in Iran

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. In this time the role of the family can be important because some negative behaviors of children diagnose ad ADHD can affect their relationship with parents. Aim of study: the goals of this article are to investigate parents of children with ADHD how much they have stress and which type of parenting style they used for their parenting. Method: 50 parents of children with ADHD and 50 parents of healthy children participated in this investigation. Conner’s parents rating scale, Robinson parenting style questionnaire, and parenting stress index were used as instruments. Result: as expected, parents of children with ADHD show higher stress level than parents of normal children. Also, they use a more permissive or authoritarian parenting style. As a suggestion, clinicians should be careful about the stress parents of children with ADHD may experience and psycho-education given to the parents is important.

Analysis of related factors of behavioral problems in children with congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia.

SUMMARYOBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with behavioral problems in children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.METHODS:Random sampling is utilized to obtain a sample of 90 patients. The behavioral problems of the patients are detected by Achenbach Children's Behavior Scale. Parental emotional problems are investigated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.RESULTS:The results demonstrate that the detection rate of behavioral problems in children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is 53.3% (48/90). Among these behavioral problems, an abnormal rate is higher in the four dimensions: thinking, violation of discipline, social interaction, and aggression. The anxiety and depression scores of caregivers are statistically higher in the abnormal group than in the normal group. The results of the multivariate analysis show that the anxiety degree of the parents had a significant impact on the behavior of the children.CONCLUSIONS:Children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia are facing the issues of high rates of behavioral problems. Parents of children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia had higher levels of anxiety and depression than parents of normal children. The anxiety and depressive state of mind of parents or caregivers had a significant impact on the behavior of children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review

Context: Cleft Lip and Palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial malformation in the oral cavity, with a prevalence of “1 to 2in 1,000 live births worldwide. Parents with CL/P children are more prone to experience emotional disorders, especially depression, and have higher child-related stress than the parents of normal children. Due to the effect of the mental status of parents on children, the assessment of the psychological aspects of this problem and its effects on the patients and their parents is critical. Evidence Acquisition: This systematic review was carried out to determine the quality of life (QoL) and emotional problems, including anxiety and depression, in the mothers of CL/P children. All the published studies were searched in three electronic databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science, up to December 30, 2020, using the keywords "Orofacial Clefts” and “Cleft Lip and Palate” in combination with “Anxiety," "Stress," "Depression," and "Quality of Life” in addition to “Parents," "Mothers," "Fathers," and "Caregivers." Results: Finally, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria for this review. Due to the differences in health care and culture, controversial findings were obtained on the QoL of parents with CL/P children. Social support plays a vital role in the prevention, resolution, and treatment of psychological problems of parents with CL/P children. The majority of studies confirmed the higher levels of anxiety and depression in caregivers of children with CL/P than in normal individuals. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the necessity of psychological screening in the first few months following the diagnosis to facilitate providing appropriate psychological support for parents with CL/P children.

Love of Life and Life Satisfaction among Parents of Autistic and Mentally Retarded Children and Parents of Normal Children

The Love of Life Scale (LLS) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) were administered to 400 parents living in the East of Libya (200 men and 200 women), including 120 with an autistic child and 80 with a mentally retarded child. Both scales had high reliabilities as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations. Factor analysis extracted only one major factor from each of the two scales. Also a combined factor analysis of the two scales produced a single major factor indicating a strong “general factor of well-being”, although a three-factor solution produced interpretable results showing three different facets of well-being measured by these scales. Gender differences were minimal on both scales. Parents with only normal children obtained higher mean total scores on both scales than parents with a retarded or autistic child. In addition, parents with very good self-reported health obtained statistically higher mean total scores on both scales than those who claimed otherwise. The results confirm the place of the love of life construct in the “well-being nexus”. Key Words: Love of life; Life satisfaction; Libya; Reliability; Validity; Autism; Mental retardation

Autistic traits in offspring of schizophrenic patients in comparison to those of normal population: a case-control study

BackgroundAutism is not a discreet condition and those families members with autistic propend are more likely to display autistic symptoms with a wide range of severity, even below the threshold for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Even with a parental history of schizophrenia, the likelihood of autistic spectrum disorder was found to be 3-fold greater. The aim of this study is to assess autistic traits among offspring of schizophrenic patients in the age group from 4 to 11 years and compare it in the offspring of normal individuals, and its association with the sociodemographic data. To determine whether schizophrenic parents are a risk factor to autistic traits in their children.ResultsThere was a statistically significant (P < 0.05*) increase in Autism Quotient Child scores of the case group where 47.2% had a score equal or more than the cutoff point (76), while only 17 19.4% of the control group had the same score with odds = 3.71 indicating that children of schizophrenic parents 18 were three times likely to have Autism Quotient-Child score greater than or equal to the cutoff point (76) than 19 children of healthy parents. No statistically significant association (P ≥ 0.05) was found between all 20 sociodemographic characteristics and Autism Quotient-Child scores among the case group except for family 21 income and social class where there was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between insufficient income 22 and low social class and higher Autism Quotient-Child score (≥ 76).ConclusionsChildren of schizophrenic parents are at high risk to have autistic traits than children of normal parents.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on Stress among Mothers of Mentally Disabled Children

Background: The birth of a child with mental retardation could lead to deep impact on families, thus parentsof children with special needs are facing more problems than parents of normal children which affect theirpsychological well-being1,2. The continuing care of children with mental retardation is often stressful forparents. Researchers have indicated that parents of children with mental retardation are generally at risk fora variety of emotional difficulties . Keeping this in view the investigator aimed to assess the effectiveness ofstress management training on stress among mothers of mentally disabled children.Method: 50 mothers were selected randomly based on the inclusion exclusion criteria. Quasi experimentaldesign was adopted for this study. 10 session of 60 minutes stress management training was given to themothers after the pre test.Results: The findings of the study depicted an evidence of significant difference in the pre test mean scoreof 25.29 and post test mean score of 14.38 with mean difference 10.91. It was highly significant at p<0.001level .Conclusion : stress management training is effective in improving mental health, stress and socialinteraction among mothers of mentally disabled children.

Comparison of the Coherence and Defense Mechanisms between Parents of Normal Children and Parents of Children with Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Comparison of the Coherence and Defense Mechanisms between Parents of Normal Children and Parents of Children with Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Quality of Life and Marital Satisfaction in Parents of Children with Leukemia

The current research study investigated the differences in reported quality of life and perceived marital satisfaction in parents of children with leukemia with that of normal cohort. Case control study design was used. The sample consisted of N=120 parents out of which n=60 were the parents of children with leukemia and n=60 were the parents of normal children, , taken as normal cohort and drawn through non-probability purposive sampling procedure. Both cohorts were matched on the basis of the age and income level of the parents. Quality of Life Scale WHOQOLS and Marital Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the data from Anmol and Sundus Foundation and Fatmeed Foundation, Lahore. The results from independent sample t- test revealed that the quality of life and marital satisfaction of parents of children with leukemia was significantly lower than the parents of normal cohort. Further it was indicated by the correlation analysis that better greater satisfaction was associated with better quality of life. The findings carry significant implications for clinical professionals, health psychologists, community workers and the future researchers.

Comparison of Stress Levels in the Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Parents of Normal Children in Vadodara Region of Gujarat

Background: Parenting is inherently stressful at times and several studies have shown that being a caregiver of a child who is disabled is even more stressful. A number of studies have identified the factors which exacerbate or mediate parenting stress in caregivers of children who are disabled. The aim of this study was to assess the parenting stress levels in parents of children who have cerebral palsy as compared to parents of normal children. Further objectives were to ascertain variables predictive of parenting stress levels.Methods: The Gujarati translated version of Parenting Stress Index/Short Form was first validated and was given to 49 parents of children with cerebral palsy (Group-A) who were attending Varun Mahajan Apang Shishu Mandal, Vadodara and to the 50 parents of normal children(Group-B). Caregivers also completed a demographic questionnaire. 43 questionnaires from Group-A and 45 from Group-B were returned to the researcher. Means and frequencies were used to summarise the demographic data. T-tests were performed to establish whether there was any significant difference between the parenting stress levels in Group-A and Group-B.Results: The parents in Group-A showed clinically significant, and in many cases, pathological levels of parenting stress as compared to the parents in Group-B.Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that parenting stress is complex matter and it is important to predict the parenting stress levels of caregivers of disabled children. Therapists should evaluate the needs of each family individually and follow a family centred approach when managing children with cerebral palsy.

Relationship Between Self-esteem and Psychological Well-being and Mental Health of Parents of Children with Normal and Border Line IQ Children

Introduction Mentally retarded children in each family structure affects family and mental health of the affected families, especially parents. Object The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and psychological well-being and mental health of parents of children with normal and border line iq children. Method The fleece is in the form of cluster sampling. Overall, 317 patients were selected for this project borderline were educate parents and parents of normal children, 154 of 164 patients were. This tool consists of three types of questionnaires that included questionnaires assessing self-esteem and mental health and psychological well-being questionnaire.spss software was used to analyze the data, and the t-test and Pearson's correlation and regression, one way anova was used. Result Based on the results of the study found that the mental health of parents, students boundary normal This means that parents border line iq children have more mental health and self-esteem are also common between parents and the boundary was observed it was clear that the psychological well-being among parents, students, parents of students border line is more common. Conculation self-esteem are also common between parents and the boundary was observed it was clear that the psychological well-being among parents, students, parents of students border line is more common.

Nutritional Status among Females of Bhaina Tribe of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India: An Anthropological Insight

Problem of malnutrition increases, being one of the significant national issues in a developing country like India. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the sociodemographic profile and nutritional status among the Bhaina tribes of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. A total of 161 females (2–75 years) were screened for anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was evaluated in four groups of female categories: preschool: 2–5 years (n=11), children: 6#x2013;12 years (n=28), adolescent: 13–18 years (n=22), and adults &gt;18 years (n=100) using the age specific cutoff points of body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis was performed using MS EXCEL and SPSS software. More than 30% of the studied population is observed to be illiterate and unemployed. Significant age group difference is observed for anthropometric variables considered in the present study. Overall prevalence of thinness among the studied population was 32.3% (critical). Occurrence of thinness was found to be highest among children (57.1%). Occupation with wage labourer is significantly higher among parents of normal children (26.6%) than parents of undernourished children (19.6%). Findings of the present study suggest significance of anthropological approach in understanding nutritional status among different ethnic groups, specifically tribal community.

The Study and Comparison of Stress Levels and Coping Strategies in Parents of Exceptional (Mentally Retarded, Blind and Deaf) and Normal Children in Zahedan

Since the presence of an exceptional child imposes many irreversible negative effects on the mental health of the family, and deeply influences the communication methods between family members, implementing some coping strategies for stressful situations is essential. These strategies are, in fact, coping skills which include emotion – focused and problem –focused methods.This study is conducted to evaluate stress levels and coping strategies in parents of exceptional (mentally retarded, blind and deaf) and normal children .The method used in this study is of descriptive- surveying type which was implemented among parents of exceptional (mentally retarded, blind and deaf) and normal children, enrolled as students of elementary schools in Zahedan. The samples were randomly chosen from parents of 110 normal, 55 mentally retarded, 40 deaf and 21 blind children. Two questionnaires on stress origins and coping strategies by Lazarus and Folkman were applied as the methods of research. Analysis of data was carried out by spss soft ware, especially using its descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean stress score in parents of exceptional children is significantly higher than parents of normal children. The parents of normal and exceptional children use stress coping strategies to the same extent.

The role of children with congenital anomalies in generating parental depressive symptoms.

Many expectant parents wish to have a normal child. Unfortunately this does not always happen and some of them may have a child with birth defects leading to detrimental psychological effects on the parents. One of the common presentations generally observed is depression. The presence of depressive symptoms amongst such parents needs to be recorded to find out its prevalence. The results of such finding can help shape future programs for the prevention and treatment in this population group. This study will therefore explore the extent of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with congenital anomalies. A case control study design was chosen. Ethical Review Board gave approval for the study on December 31, 2010, and the collection of data was started on January 5, 2011. Two randomly chosen samples of 132 parents each were collected from National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Ida Rieu, and Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK) over 8 months. First group consisted of parents of children with congenital anomalies and the second group was chosen as the control group from general population. Zung scale was used to record the presence of depressive symptoms in these two populations. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare the depression scores. The scale was completed by 132 parents in both sets. The parents of children with congenital anomalies showed greater (p < 0.0001) depressive symptoms. Mothers displayed greater (p = 0.029) depressive symptoms than fathers. The parents of children with anomalies (60.6%) had more depressive symptoms than parents of normal children (27.3%).

Metabolic Risk Factors and Arterial Stiffness in Indian Children of Parents with Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: To investigate the possible association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and arterial stiffness in Indian children with parental MS status.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 140 overweight/obese and 60 normal-weight Indian children (mean age, 11.4 ± 2.8 years) along with one of their parents during 2008–2009. Data on weight, height, blood pressure, serum lipids, zinc, insulin, and glucose were collected. Intima media thickness (CIMT) and stiffness parameters were assessed in the right carotid artery. Physical activity and diet were assessed using structured questionnaires. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results: A gradual increase in the percentage of MS children with an increasing number of MS components in parents was observed. Mean values for arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and elastic modulus were significantly higher in MS children of MS parents than in MS children of normal parents (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed for lifestyle, metabolic, and arterial parameters among child-parent pairs (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealed that children's CIMT and arterial stiffness were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with their serum levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and zinc, as well as with parental MS-CIMT.Conclusion: Parental MS status and lifestyle factors increase the risk of MS and arterial abnormalities in children.

FC06-01 - Comparison feels stress levels in parents of mentally retarded children and normal

IntroductionThe existence of mentally retarded children in the family caused despair, frustration and isolation of individual and family are and their push for diversity issues on individual family members and parents as a marital unit and the total family system as a family show.ObjectiveThis study compared the amount of stress parents feel mentally retarded children with parents is normal.MethodThe study after the event (Ali - a comparison) is.The sample of 120 parents of retarded children and 120 parents of normal children using a sampling Chndmrhlh chosen. To check the source of feeling stress questionnaire stress (QRS) was used and analysis of data by independent t tests May Pearson.ResultsResults showed that parental stress in two groups of mentally retarded children and parents have significantly different normal and feeling stress parents of mentally retarded children than parents were normal. Between mothers and fathers of mentally retarded children in terms of Nshdv significant difference in stress levels stress parents of mentally retarded children were the same.the child's gender had no impact on parent stress levels, but between the retarded child's age and parental stress there was a significant relationship, whatever the case retarded child's age increased parental stress will increase. Similarly, parental education and children backward stress there was no significant difference whatever the parents are more educated than parents with lower education have less stress.DiscussionThe results show parents of mentally retarded children than normal children, parents significantly more stress they endure.

Concurrence of Ring 21 and Trisomy 21 in Children of Normal Parents

We present a case of two siblings with different chromosome 21 abnormalities that are both de novo [r(21)/i(21p13) mosaicism and rob(14;21)]. Molecular studies using polymorphic markers have shown that these two aberrations had a common maternal origin. However, the parents were cytogenetically and phenotypically normal. This unusual association has not been reported and is considered to be a unique case that should be addressed.

Endocrine complications of high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation.

Evaluations of endocrine function following hematopoietic cell transplantation demonstrate that the endocrine function abnormalities observed are related to the type of transplant preparative regimen received. Children given high dose cyclophosphamide (CY) only have normal thyroid function, normal growth and development. Children who received a busulfan (BU) plus CY preparative regimen usually have normal thyroid function, normal prepubertal growth, delayed or absent pubertal development, and blunted post-pubertal growth. Recipients of preparative regimens containing total body irradiation may be anticipated to have some thyroid dysfunction, impaired growth rates and delayed or absent pubertal development. Post-pubertal teens and young adults are likely to have gonadal function recover if they received a preparative regimen with CY only but are likely to have primary gonadal failure if they received a preparative regimen with BU or total body irradiation. Individuals whose gonadal function becomes normal have become parents of normal children. All patients who receive a marrow transplant should be followed long-term for development of endocrine function abnormalities.

Factors associated with obesity in school children

To analyze the relationship between obesity, physical activity and hours of sleep in schoolchildren and parental schooling and obesity. We measured the weight, height, body mass index and adiposity (subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio) of children. The children were classified as normal, underweight, overweight or obese, according to body mass index per age. Four hundred and fifty-two schoolchildren were evaluated; 68 children with excess weight and obesity and 97 normal children were selected to answer a questionnaire regarding daily physical activity and sleeping hours, as well as parental schooling, physical activity, weight and height. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity was of 21.1% in boys and 22.9% in girls. Adiposity was different between normal children and the other groups (p < 0.01). In children with excess weight and obesity, adiposity was directly correlated with daily sitting hours and inversely correlated with daily sleeping hours (p < 0.05). Schooling was lower in mothers of overweight and obese children was lower than in mothers of normal children (p < 0.01). The frequency of excess weight and obesity in the parents of overweight/obese children was higher than in the parents of normal children (p < 0.01). Most parents had a sedentary life style. We observed an association between excess weight and obesity in children and inactivity. The time spent sleeping was a positive factor for maintaining a balance between weight and height. Maternal schooling and the presence of excess weight/obesity in parents were significantly associated with childhood obesity.