Children Of Agricultural Workers Research Articles

Looking at the gaps and program needs to address the impact on children of agricultural workers in Puerto Rico during and after public health emergencies.

Looking at the gaps and program needs to address the impact on children of agricultural workers in Puerto Rico during and after public health emergencies.

СОЦИЈАЛНО ПОРЕКЛО СТУДЕНТСКЕ ОМЛАДИНЕ И ИЗБОР СТУДИЈСКИХ ПРОГРАМА ФАКУЛТЕТА УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА У НИШУ

Based on the tenets of the theory of cultural capital (P. Bourdieu) and the results of studies on the social dimension of education, the paper analyzes the connection between the social origin and educational orientation of the student population of the University of Niš. It also focuses on family socio-economic status and cultural-educational status as socially differentiated factors of educational orientation (choice of program of study).The paper presents the results of the study carried out from April until June 2019. The sample included 374 students from 13 faculties of the University of Niš. A comparative analysis of the social origin of the students (operationalized through the educational and socio-professional status of their parents and the financial status of their families) represented the starting point for the study of the social determination of their educational orientation. The findings indicate that children of agricultural workers and farm laborers more often choose the Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Pedagogy and Faculty of Economics, while children of business professionals and professionals with a non-business background more often choose the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Law, compared to the students with origins from other socio-professional groups. Since the research has confirmed the existence of social differentiation in educational orientation, it is necessary to design and realize adequate educational policy measures to overcome social inequality in education.

Acetylcholinesterase activity, cohabitation with floricultural workers, and blood pressure in Ecuadorian children.

Background: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are commonly used pesticides that can effect hemodynamic changes through increased cholinergic stimulation. Children of agricultural workers are likely to have paraoccupational exposures to pesticides, but the potential physiological impact of such exposures is unclear.Objectives: We investigated whether secondary pesticide exposures were associated with blood pressure and heart rate among children living in agricultural Ecuadorian communities.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 271 children 4–9 years of age [51% cohabited with one or more flower plantation workers (mean duration, 5.2 years)]. Erythrocyte AChE activity was measured using the EQM Test-mate system. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate with AChE activity, living with flower workers, duration of cohabitation with a flower worker, number of flower workers in the child’s home, and number of practices that might increase children’s exposure to pesticides.Results: Mean (± SD) AChE activity was 3.14 ± 0.49 U/mL. A 1-U/mL decrease in AChE activity was associated with a 2.86-mmHg decrease in SBP (95% CI: –5.20, –0.53) and a 2.89-mmHg decrease in DBP (95% CI: –5.00, –0.78), after adjustment for potential confounders. Children living with flower workers had lower SBP (–1.72 mmHg; 95% CI: –3.53, 0.08) than other children, and practices that might increase exposure also were associated with lower SBP. No significant associations were found between exposures and heart rate.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that subclinical secondary exposures to pesticides may affect vascular reactivity in children. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings.

Methodological aspects of studying predisposition to allergic diseases in children of agricultural workers

In this article presented was the substantiation of the methodology of studying the work environment factors among parents, particularly the mothers, and their influence on the development of allergic diseases in children taking into account the specifics of the working conditions in the agricultural sector. The proposed study algorithm includes investigation of sanitary conditions of labor and adverse industrial factors in women of the reproductive age, employed in the agricultural sector, as well as investigation of the incidence of disease, including allergic disease, among their children. Analysis of variance allows us to quantitatively determine the significance and share impact of the industrial environment factors and of the working process of parents, as well as the of the social and hygienic conditions on the incidence of allergic disease of their children. Complex studies make it possible to determine the clinical and immunological features of allergic diseases in children of agricultural industry workers, to develop and validate the criteria for long-term effects of the factors of professional activity of parents of the agricultural industry on the formation of allergic diseases in children, as well as to determine the proportion of the effect of individual risk factors on the parameters and structure of allergic diseases of preschool children with their isolated and combined effects. The study of the relationship «professional female hazards - allergic diseases of the child» is based on the usage of a united methodological approach, which includes hygienic, sociological, allergological, immunological methods of investigation and makes it possible to determine the significance of occupational exposures of parents in the implementation of mechanisms of allergic diseases development in children and to develop a model of priority measures for improving prevention of allergic diseases in children of agricultural workers.

A study of neurologic symptoms on exposure to organophosphate pesticides in the children of agricultural workers

Pesticides are used extensively throughout the world in agriculture and in pest control as well as for community health purposes. Organophosphate (OP) pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world that kills an estimated 200,000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is an apparent problem in places where highly toxic OP pesticides are available. Neurologic dysfunction is the best documented health effect of pesticide exposure. High-level exposure has both acute and long-term neurologic signs and symptoms, and adverse effects have been reported in most type of pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), carbamate, organochlorine, and pyrethroid insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fumigants. Acute OP pesticide exposure can involve in wide range of both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms. Increased neurologic symptom prevalence may provide early evidence of neurologic dysfunctions, before clinically measurable signs are evident.In this study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data on neurologic signs and symptoms from 225 rural children, both males (n = 132) and females (n = 93) who were occupationally and paraoccupationally exposed to methyl OPs (dichlorvos, fenthion, malathion, methyl parathion) and ethyl OPs (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion) as they belonged to agricultural families handling, mixing, and spraying the OP pesticides. The children completed a specially designed questionnaire (Q16) on neurologic symptoms associated with pesticide exposure with their parental help. A suitable reference group consisting of rural children (n = 50) never involved in pesticide handling (neither outdoor nor indoor) belonging to similar socioeconomic strata included in the study to compare the prevalence of various neurologic symptoms between the two groups.Among all the neurologic self-reported symptoms, headache, watering in eyes, and burning sensation in eye/face were the most important clinical manifestations attributed to OP pesticide exposure. These symptoms could probably be the consequence of chronic effects of most pesticides on the central nervous system. The muscarinic symptoms reported the maximum prevalence of salivation (18.22%), whereas lacrimation was observed in 17.33% cases, followed by diarrhea in 9.33% cases. The nicotinic clinical manifestations of acute OP poisoning revealed excessive sweating in 13.78% cases and tremors in 9.3% cases followed by mydriasis in 8.4% exposed children. The characteristic cholinergic symptoms, such as insomnia, headache, muscle cramps, weakness, and anorexia were also reported by both male and female exposed children. The high frequency of neurologic symptoms observed in the study may be due to parasympathetic hyperactivity due to the accumulated ACh resulting from AChE inhibition.

Pesticide exposure pathways among children of agricultural workers

Aim The focus of this review is to highlight the evidence of the take-home pathway as an additional and substantial route of exposure for children of farm workers. Possible exposure of older children during farm work is not discussed.

Pesticide take-home pathway among children of agricultural workers: study design, methods, and baseline findings.

Farmworkers are exposed to pesticides and may take home pesticide residues to their families. In this paper, self-reported pesticide exposure and home practices to reduce the amount of pesticide residues taken home were examined among 571 farmworkers. Urine samples from a subsample of farmworkers and children and dust samples from households and vehicles also assessed pesticide exposure. Overall, 96% of respondents reported exposure to pesticides at work. Many employers did not provide resources for hand washing. Farmworkers' protective practices to keep pesticide residues out of the home were at a low level. In a subset of respondents, pesticide levels above the limit of quantitation were seen in the urine of children and adults and in house and vehicle dust. The results support the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure. Ways must be found to reduce this pesticide exposure among children of farmworkers.

Children's health: a mixed review.

Research ArticleOpen AccessChildren's health: a mixed review. K Olden, and J Guthrie K Olden Search for more papers by this author and J Guthrie Search for more papers by this author Published:1 June 2000https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.108-a250Cited by:8AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit "Children's health: a mixed review.." Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(6), pp. A250–A251FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLu C, Schenck F, Pearson M and Wong J (2010) Assessing Children’s Dietary Pesticide Exposure: Direct Measurement of Pesticide Residues in 24-Hr Duplicate Food Samples, Environmental Health Perspectives, 118:11, (1625-1630), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2010. Thompson B, Coronado G, Grossman J, MD K, Solomon C, Islas I, Curl C, Shirai J, Kissel J and Fenske R (2003) Pesticide Take-Home Pathway among Children of Agricultural Workers: Study Design, Methods, and Baseline Findings, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 10.1097/00043764-200301000-00012, 45:1, (42-53), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2003. Elgethun K, Fenske R, Yost M and Palcisko G (2018) Time-location analysis for exposure assessment studies of children using a novel global positioning system instrument., Environmental Health Perspectives, 111:1, (115-122), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2003. FENSKE R, KEDAN G, LU C, FISKER-ANDERSEN J and CURL C (2002) Assessment of organophosphorous pesticide exposures in the diets of preschool children in Washington State, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 10.1038/sj.jea.7500197, 12:1, (21-28), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2002. Roberts D (2018) DDT risk assessments., Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:7, (A302-A303), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2001.Liroff R (2018) DDT Risk Assessments: Response, Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:7, (A302-A303), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2001.McGinnis W (2018) Mercury and Autistic Gut Disease, Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:7, (A303-A304), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2001. Tickner J and Hoppin P (2013) Children's Environmental Health: A Case Study in Implementing the Precautionary Principle, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 10.1179/oeh.2000.6.4.281, 6:4, (281-288), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2000. Vol. 108, No. 6 June 2000Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 June 2000Published in print1 June 2000 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

Salmonella infection in children from the wastewater-spreading zone of Marrakesh city (Morocco).

The available circumstantial evidence gained from epidemiological and microbiological investigations suggests that the use of untreated wastewater causes an excess of Salmonella infection among children living in El Azzouzia (the wastewater-spreading area of Marrakesh city, Morocco) compared with those from a control area that does not practice sewage irrigation (Sidi Moussa). The prevalence in the exposed group (32.56%) was significantly (P < 0. 001) higher than for the control group (1.14%). Serogroups B and C were the most commonly isolated. Boys were at greater risk (37.61%) of contracting Salmonella infection than girls (26.66%). Age-specified rates showed that children of less than 10 years old were infected at a higher rate than older children in the area (exposed group), with 40.32% and 19.72% rates of infection, respectively. Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater caused a significantly higher rate of infection with Salmonella in the children of agricultural workers (39.33%) than in the children of non-agriculturists (24.58%).

Corrections and Clarifications: Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure among Children of Agricultural Workers in Central Washington State

Corrections and Clarifications: Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure among Children of Agricultural Workers in Central Washington State

Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure among Children of Agricultural Workers in Central Washington State

Biological Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure among Children of Agricultural Workers in Central Washington State