Nutritional Status Of Children Research Articles

Increasing the Capacity of Mothers of Toddlers in Early Detection of Stunting in Quality Family Village, Bengkayang Regency

Introduction: Stunting is one of the serious nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world as well as toddlers in Indonesia. Stunting has a negative impact on the quality of life in the future because it can interfere with the growth and development of toddlers, and can affect children's learning abilities. One of the factors causing stunting is the lack of parental knowledge about the importance of nutritional status in children. Meanwhile, the problems found in the field are errors and inaccuracies in the use of anthropometric tools used by posyandu cadres. One of the efforts to detect early stunting can involve the participation of parents, especially mothers, an activity is needed that aims to improve mothers' skills by providing anthropometric training and stunting prevention education. Objective: Increase the knowledge capacity and skills of mothers of toddlers in efforts to detect early stunting with anthropometric measurement training and stunting prevention education in Quality Family Village, Bengkayang Regency. Method: This research is a quantitative study conducted directly with a Quasy experimental design of one group pre-test and post-test. The research was conducted in the Quality Family Village of Bengkayang Regency. The research sample was mothers who had toddlers who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through direct interviews regarding the characteristics of respondents, taking anthropometric measurements on toddlers, filling out pre-test and post-test research questionnaires by mothers. Result: This study showed that there was a change in the mother's knowledge score before and after education was given. The pre-test score obtained was 3.87%. Meanwhile, the post-test score obtained was 5.78%. The results of measuring the mother's skill level score in conducting early detection of stunting. The mean value obtained was 1.70% before the intervention and then obtained a value of 4.98% after the intervention. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was an effect on the level of knowledge and skills of mothers before and after being given an intervention on early detection of stunting in the Quality Family Village (Kampung KB) Bengkayang Regency.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Pendidikan Ibu Dengan Status Gizi Balita Di Puskesmas Padang Garugur Kabupaten Padang Lawas Tahun 2024

The factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five are very substantial to be studied. This aims to find out what factors are related so that power action and efforts to improve nutrition can be taken in the community. Because health is a form of human right which is explicitly mandated by the 1945 Constitution. Education and time for mothers and the health of parents, especially mothers, are one of the causes of malnutrition in toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency. The research procedure was by measuring body weight, mothers of children under five were given a nutritional status questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-square test showed that from 45 samples. The majority of children's nutritional status is good (77.8%). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge and nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Public Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.001). There is a relationship between maternal education and the nutritional status of children under five at the Padang Garugur Health Center, Padang Lawas Regency (p = 0.005). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that knowledge, , education of mothers are related to the nutritional status of children under five. It is recommended that all mothers continue to seek information about children's health, especially the procedure for providing nutritious food to toddlers."

FEEDING PATTERN WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN AGED 11-12 YEARS AT SD 04 SEPANJANG JAYA BEKASI CITY IN 2023

Beckground : The body's physiological function needs, as well as social and emotional needs, everyone needs to eat (consume food) with the right diet. Fulfillment of the amount of food and nutrients that are good for the body will lead to a better quality of one's health and this will have a positive impact on one's education. Adequate nutrition plays an important role during school age to ensure these children achieve their full or optimal growth, development and health potential. Weight is often a problem, triggering an increase in the prevalence of obesity and the emergence of eating disorders (malnutrition). Research Objectives : Knowing the Relationship Between Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 11-12 Years at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya Bekasi City in 2023 Research Methods : The research method used is quantitative with cross-sectional analytic research. The population in this study were children aged 11-12 years in grades 5 and 6 at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi City, consisting of 66 people. Research results : From the results of statistical analysis, it was obtained that the value of α was 5% (0.05) the results of the Chi-Square Test obtained a p-value (0.000) < the value of α (0.05) so that it could be concluded from these results that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Conclusion : There is a Relationship between Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 11-12 Years at SDN 04 Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi City.

Nutritional parameters following first episode of pediatric acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) carries the risk of subsequent nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of these deficiencies following a single episode of AP in children is unknown. We aimed to determine prevalence of anthropometric and laboratory-based measures of nutritional status in children following their first (index) admission for AP. Prospective observational cohort study of patients ≤21 years of age with first episode of confirmed AP. Anthropometric and laboratory values were obtained at time of AP onset and at follow up time points of 3 and 12 months (m) post AP. AP attack was classified as either: mild, moderately severe or severe (which were combined in one group (SAP)). 181 patients met criteria and were followed prospectively with 52% male, a median age of 13.7 years (IQR 9.4-16.0) and median Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score of 0.6 (IQR -0.5, 1.6). Most patients had mild AP (140, 77%), with 23% meeting criteria for moderate or severe (41/181). 6 (3%) had diabetes mellitus (DM) predating AP and were excluded from further analysis. BMI Z-score remained stable during the follow up period. 13% of patients developed pre-DM or DM at 3m or 12m. Nearly one third of patients had low ferritin at 3m (29%) or 12m (29%). At 12m, 8% of patients had Vitamin A deficiency. 6% of patients had low Vitamin E levels at 3m and 5% at 12m. Over half of patients at both 3m and 12m had 25 OH Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (56% and 56%). Prolonged International Normalized Ratio (INR) (>1.3) was seen in 9% of patients at 12m. Very low albumin (<3.5g/dL) was found in 24% of patients at 3m and 18% at 12m (Table1). Patients with very low albumin at 3m were younger (median 10.7 vs. 14.2 years, p=0.04), however sex, BMI Z-score and AP severity were not associated with albumin level. Although BMI Z-score did not differ between the groups, those with SAP had a significant decrease in BMI Z-score from first attack compared to mild AP at 3m (-0.4 vs. 0.0, p=0.0002, Figure2). At 3m, Vitamin E deficiency in SAP versus mild AP was found in 20% vs 2% (p=0.04) and SAP had a lower median hematocrit (35.8 vs. 37.6, p=0.046). There were no other laboratory significant differences at 3m in mild versus SAP groups. At 12m, those with SAP were more likely to have pre-DM or DM compared to mild AP (31% vs. 7%, p=0.002). No other significant laboratory differences occurred at 12m. After the first AP attack patients experience nutritional deficiencies, including ferritin, all fat-soluble vitamins, and low albumin. SAP is associated with a decrease in BMI Z-score, increased prevalence of vitamin E deficiency at 3m, and an increase in pre-diabetes and diabetes at 12m. Serial monitoring of vitamin and mineral values post AP is warranted and further prospective studies are needed.

Exploring the Multifaceted Influences on Childhood Nutritional Status: A Study Conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan.

Introduction The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Pakistan is a rising concern affecting school-going children, marked by coexisting under- and over-nutrition within the same population. Key influences include shifts in dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle changes due to rapid urbanization. With a focus on Multan, Pakistan, the study seeks to assess the proportion of underweight and overweight students while identifying the risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics associated with this incidence. The aim is to guide future health interventions addressing this multidimensional health challenge. Materials and methods This study, adopting a descriptive cross-sectional research design, collected data from female teenage students through interviews and anthropometric measurements. A total of 300 participants were randomly selected from a comprehensive school list representing diverse urban and rural settings. Participants' weight and height were measured to calculate their body mass index (BMI), categorizing them into underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups. The relevant risk factors were collected through an interview questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), with the results stratified according to socioeconomic, dietary, and psychosocial factors and compared across different weight categories. Results The study collected data from 300 students, revealing a correlation between socioeconomic status, dietary habits, and BMI. Parental occupation significantly affected nutritional status, with children of laborers primarily falling within normal and underweight categories. Dietary habits like frequency of fast food and milk or dairy consumption showed notable associations with nutritional status. Psychosocial factors such as peer or teacher comments about weight and outdoor sports participation also influenced the students' nutritional status. However, factors like family income, video game hours, and the presence of pets at home did not show significant associations with nutritional status. Conclusions The study illustrates a multi-faceted association between socioeconomic status, dietary habits, and BMI among schoolchildren in Multan, Pakistan, emphasizing the need for comprehensive interventions.

The Relationship between Feeding Practices and Personal Hygiene Practices with Stunting Incidents in the Coastal Area of Muna Regency

Introduction: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in babies (0-11 months) and toddlers (12-59 months) resulting from chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1,000 days of life so that the child is too short for his age. Malnutrition occurs when the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born, but stunting only appears after the child is two years old. This research aims to find out about the Stunting Incident Prediction Model in the Coastal Area of ​​Muna Regency. Method: This type of research is quantitative using a cross-sectional design (Cross Sectional Study). The sample in this study was 322 mothers who had toddlers aged 12-59 months in the coastal area of ​​Muna Regency. Result: Results: Of the 322 normal toddlers, there were 258 toddlers or (80.1%) and 64 stunted toddlers or (19.9%). Of the 322 respondents who had good feeding practices, there were 283 respondents or (87.9%) and those who had poor feeding practices were 39 respondents or (12.1%). Of the 322 respondents whose hygiene practices were good, there were 186 respondents or (57.8%) and those with poor hygiene practices were 136 respondents or (42.2%). Conclusion: The nutritional status of children under five is very important to pay attention to because it has a large and long-lasting impact on the child's health status, physical and mental development as well as the child's productivity as an adult.

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG UNDER- FIVE CHILDREN OF HOUSEHOLD IN SLUM AREAS OF DISTRICT FAISALABAD

Malnutrition refers to a pathological condition characterized by a lack of nutrients necessary for healthy body function. Malnutrition is one of the most common causes of death and disease among children under the age of five. About 96% percent of children in Pakistan do not receive adequate nutrition during childhood, such as soft food, milk, fruit, and vegetables. Food insecurity is a serious problem in Pakistan as a significant portion of the rural population is food insecure. A staggering 36.9% of households in the country are &amp;#39;food insecure&amp;#39; and 18.3% are &amp;#39;severely&amp;#39; food insecure. Pakistan is self-sufficient in basic food items, but only 63.1% of households have food security. Food insecurity is common, leaving women and children at greater risk of malnutrition. Drought-affected communities have exceptionally high rates of malnutrition. According to statistics in Pakistan, about 40, 29%, and 18% of children under the age of five are a stunt, underweight, and wasted, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition status in children under 5 years of age in the slums of Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. The data is based on household demographic and socioeconomic factors, including anthropometric information on children under the age of five living in a slum in Faisalabad. Anthropometric data were obtained from 150 randomly selected children from three slum areas of Faisalabad. Socioeconomic and behavioural data were collected from each mother. Three indicators were used to measure the nutritional status of children: (i) stunting, height–for– age, (ii) wasting weight–for–height, and (iii) under-weight¸ weight–for–age. These values ​​were transformed into z-scores to classify the child&amp;#39;s nutritional status. Descriptive and logistic regression techniques were used to identify factors associated with children&amp;#39;s nutritional status. According to this study, the prevalence of stunting, being underweight, and wasting among children under five years of age in Faisalabad District, Pakistan were 28%, 22.6%, and 18% respectively. Testing with logistic regression techniques revealed that demographic, socio-economic, and behavioural factors were significant predictors of all three indicators of child nutritional status. These main factors were household calorie intake and maternal education, father education, access to clean water, and maternal access to health facilities.

Trends and practices of weaning in infants across India: A comprehensive review.

Weaning is a critical phase in an infant's life, during which there is a transition from exclusive breastfeeding or formula feeding to consuming solid foods. Weaning is a critical step in determining a child's nutritional status, growth, and general health. India is a multiethnic and culturally diverse nation and has a variety of weaning practices that are affected by local customs, religious beliefs, and socioeconomic concerns. Malnutrition brought on by inadequate weaning methods used in infancy and early childhood may have an impact on cognitive, motor and social, development and productivity of the child, more importantly manifesting in later ages. Weaning customs in India have a long history of being ingrained in both family and cultural traditions. The variety of Indian cuisine is reflected in the meals that are offered to the infant during weaning. Homemade food commonly prepared like mashed fruits and vegetables, lentil soups, and rice porridge are the most popular. However, the inclination by parents toward professionally produced infant foods and formulas has increased because of urbanization and globalization; there have been observable changes in weaning practices over the past few decades because of changing lifestyles and easier access. These foods are frequently thought of as more convenient but may not be as nutrient-dense as homemade alternatives. Not following the medically recommended mandate of an exclusive diet of mother's breast milk to the infant, many parents often begin introducing complementary foods as early as four months. Still most concerningly also the timing of weaning commencement varies significantly across areas and communities. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the current trends and practices of weaning in infants across India, underscoring the importance of culturally sensitive and informed strategies to ensure the well-being of the nation's youngest population.

PERILAKU PICKY EATER DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH

Picky eater is a condition that refers to behavior that only wants to consume certain foods and does not want to try new foods. Nutritional status is a condition that arises from the body's need for calories and other nutrients, obtained from food intake. The aim of this study is to find out how the behavior of a picky eater relates to the nutritional status of preschool children in the Free Methodist Kindergarten. This type of research is correlation analysis with the Croos Sectional approach. The population in this study was mothers and children, the sample in the study was 68 people using total sampling techniques. The tool used is the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) questionnaire and nutritional status data from z-score with BB/TB measurement. The majority of children with picky-eater behavior were 79.4 per cent, nutritional status (n=68) and normal nutrition status was 64.7 per cent. Children with picky-eaters were mostly normal, while children who did not have picky eating behaviors were under-nutritional and poor nutritional. It was concluded that it showed that there was a relationship between picky-eater behavior and preschool child nutritional status in the Free Methodist Kindergarten (p value = 0,005). The advice in this study is expected to help the mother in paying attention to nutritional needs and improving the child's diet so that the child grows optimally.

Estimation of calories intake, iron, zinc, and selenium among children of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan.

Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphate (PO4) levels among school-going children (aged 13-17 years) of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan. Children from Mithi City, District Tharparkar, were selected for this cross-sectional investigation. Students from various schools from both genders who fulfilled the selection criteria were selected. A questionnaire was filled, and five ml blood samples were taken to analyze blood parameters. Each participant's estimated nutrient intake (ENI) per day was assessed and matched to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to determine their micro and macronutrient intake. A total of 300 school-going children [150(50%) boys (mean age 15± 0.8 years) and 150(50%) girls (mean age 14±1.3years)] were included in this study. Total calories (1449±949 Kcal vs. 1245±215 Kcal; p < .001), carbohydrates (138±27 gm vs. 126 ±25 gm; p < .001) protein (47±9.1 gm vs. 44±6 gm; p < .001) was significantly higher among boys compared to girls. In contrast, calcium (1094±105 mg vs. 1144±100; 0.004), phosphate 1050±125 vs. 1148±147; p<0.001), iron (9.2±1.7 mg vs. 10±1.3 mg; p<0.001), and Zinc (7.4±1.8 mg vs. 9.9±1.7 mg; p<0.001) intake was significantly higher among girls than boys. Gender-wise comparison of serum metals in school-going children showed that serum iron was significantly lower among girls than boys (100.86±25.65 μg/dl vs. 78.48±28.66 μg/dl; p<0.001), and no difference was found in serum Zn, Se, and Ca levels. Total proteins were also significantly lower among girls than boys (6.48±1.01g/dl vs. 4.87±1.4301g/dl; p<0.001). Serum iron, Ca, and total proteins were significantly lower among girls with normal ranges compared to boys with normal ranges. Total protein was significantly lower among girls below normal ranges than boys with normal ranges (p < .001). The correlation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with some serum biochemical parameters in school-going children showed that serum Fe was significantly linked with proteins (r = 0.255; p < .0.05). Our findings showed a concurrent shortage of macro and micronutrients. The current study also revealed that total energy intake was lower than the RDA and significant Fe, Zn, and Se deficiencies. The findings highlight the importance of measures aimed at improving children's nutritional status.

Maternal perception on use of edible insects for complementary feeding and nutritional status of children in Kakamega and Siaya Counties, Kenya

Despite the high protein levels, essential fatty acids and minerals that are found in edible insects, they are still not being used in complementary feeding. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal perception on use of edible insects for complementary feeding and nutrition status of children in Kakamega and Siaya Counties, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design which was used on a sample of 592 mother-child pairs (aged 6-23 months) in Kisa North, West Yimbo and West Ugenya wards. Majority of the mothers were in the childbearing age group of 15-49 years, were married and 57.9% in Kisa North, 65.7% in West Ugenya and 64.6% in West Yimbo had attained primary education. Generally, 50.9%, 54.2% and 48.8% of the household heads in Kisa North, West Ugenya and West Yimbo, respectively had attained primary education. About 49.5% and 38.9% of the mothers in Kisa North and West Ugenya practiced farming while 35.3% of those in West Yimbo engaged in business. About 40.3% of the household heads in West Ugenya were farmers, 48.7% in Kisa North were casual labourers while 66.3% in West Yimbo engaged in fishing. Approximately 42.1%, 33.7% and 39.3% of the mothers in Kisa North, West Ugenya and West Yimbo respectively disagreed about the use of edible insects for complementary feeding. More than half (65.3%, 56.6% and 61.7%) of the children in Kisa North, West Ugenya and West Yimbo respectively attained the Minimum Dietary Diversity. More than half (58.9% and 55.8%) of the children in West Yimbo and West Ugenya respectively and 29.7% in Kisa North attained the Minimum Acceptable Diet. In terms of nutrition status, the prevalence rates of wasting were (6.3% in West Ugenya, 7.0% in West Yimbo and 6.0% in Kisa North), stunting rates (19.5% in West Ugenya and an equal proportion of 19.9% in West Yimbo and Kisa North) and underweight rates (9.2% in West Ugenya, 9.0% in West Yimbo and 8.8% in Kisa North). There were significant relationships between the maternal perceptions of the appropriateness of insects in complementary food and the ward of residence (ꭓ²=16.86, p value=0.030), marital status of the mother (ꭓ²=11.14, p value=0.025), main source of income for the household head (ꭓ²=33.35, p value=0.007) and the education level of the household head (ꭓ²=48.67, p value=0.009). This information will be useful to the Ministry of Health through the division of nutrition for inclusion in the MIYCN policy the use of edible insects as a complementary food. Key words: Children, Complementary feeding, Edible Insects, Nutritional Status, Maternal Perception

Dietary diversity among children aged 6-59 months from settled pastoral communities in Marsabit County, Kenya

Settlement among pastoralists is expected to facilitate access to social amenities. However, information on its impact on dietary changes and undernutrition under five children is limited. This study aimed to determine dietary diversity among children aged 6-59 months in settled pastoral households. In a cross sectional survey, 394 households with index child were randomly sampled using multistage technique. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on population characteristics and dietary diversity. A dietary diversity score and minimum dietary diversity of the children were then calculated by summing the number of food groups from 0 to 7 eaten by the child 24 hours from the previous day. Categorical data was presented as proportions, while continuous variables mean ± standard error. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used to establish population differences. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between population characteristics and dietary diversity. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between food groups and child nutritional status. Results showed that 51.5% of children never met minimum dietary diversity. Cereals, roots and tubers were the most frequently consumed food group at 97%. Distance to market (P&lt;0.05), household head education (p&lt;0.05), caregiver occupation (p&lt;0.05) and income were associated with dietary diversity. Eating legumes (OR= 0.50, 95% C.I (0.30, 0.85); p = 0.010) and vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (OR= 0.50, 95% C.I (0.30, 0.85); p = 0.010) showed reduced odds of stunting while dairy products reduced the risk of a child becoming underweight [AOR=.2.09, 95% C.I (1.16 - 3.79); p = 0.015]. Overall, the findings highlight significant gaps in meeting dietary diversity recommendations among children in settled pastoral areas. Household head and caregiver attributes were identified as key influencing factors. It is recommended that county governments in northern Kenya promote optimal complementary feeding guidelines among settled pastoral caregivers to improve child nutrition. Key words: Pastoralists, children, under-five, dietary diversity, stunting, wasting, underweight, northern Kenya

Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal alterations in acutely ill malnourished Malawian children: A postmortem cohort study

ObjectivesTo describe and compare liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal histopathology by nutritional status in children who died following hospitalization for acute illness in Malawi. MethodsLiver tissue was collected using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling from eleven children under-five years old who died during hospitalization and were either non-wasted (n = 4), severely wasted (n = 4) or had edematous malnutrition (n = 3). Histology was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal ultrastructural features were characterized using electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF). ResultsHepatic steatosis was present in 50 % of non-wasted and severely wasted children and all children with edematous malnutrition. Edematous malnutrition was associated with 56 % and 45 % fewer mitochondria than severe wasting (p < 0.001) and no wasting (p = 0.006), respectively, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology compared to severe wasting (p = 0.002) and no wasting (p = 0.035). Peroxisomal abundance was reduced in edematous malnutrition compared to severe wasting (p = 0.005), but did not differ from no-wasting. ConclusionEdematous malnutrition is associated with reduced abundance and altered morphology of hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes. Interventions targeting improvements in hepatic metabolic function may be beneficial in improving metabolism and reducing mortality in children with severe malnutrition, particularly in those with nutritional edema.

KAJIAN TENTANG KARAKTERISTIK KELUARGA DAN POLA PEMBERIAN MPASI DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA

The introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods is positively associated with nutritional status and reduces the likelihood of stunting. The results of the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey in 2022 showed that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia still reached 21.6%. West Java Province has a stunting prevalence of 20.2%, while in Bogor City it is still 19.3%. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between family characteristics, complementary feeding patterns and the nutritional status of toddlers. The research design used a mix method (quantitative and qualitative). Quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach and qualitative research with indepth interviews (exploring complementary feeding patterns, problems, handling and educational needs related to complementary feeding). The qualitative exploration result were analyzed using deductive thematic. The study population was all toddlers aged 12-60 months in Bogor City, the sample size was 120 with purposive sampling. Statistical tests used chi-square test and Mann-whitney test. The results showed a significant relationship between family characteristics and patterns of complementary feeding with the children’s nutritional status under five. The results of qualitative exploration showed there were four themes, namely First, social and cultural and adverse beliefs. Second, lack of knowledge, Third, the environment (home and residence) is less supportive. Fourth, poor economy. The research concluded that there was a relationship between family characteristics and patterns of complementary feeding with the nutritional status of children under five. Efforts are needed to overcome the problem of stunting through education about complementary feeding.

Land ownership and nutrition in Nepal

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between women's land ownership and nutritional outcomes in Nepal. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey and employing a bounding technique by Oster, I estimate bounded treatment effects of land ownership. The results show that women's land ownership is associated with a reduction in the incidence of childhood underweight and stunting and an increase in women's body mass index. Additionally, I find the selection on unobservable characteristics has to be larger than the selection on observable characteristics to drive these estimates to zero, suggesting that land ownership credibly improves nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, heterogeneous results show that the negative association between land ownership and childhood nutritional status is more prominent in male children and children from the Brahmin caste. Similarly, the negative relationship between land ownership and underweight in women is more pronounced in women employed in agriculture and rural areas. While I argue that landownership improves nutrition, these estimates are sensitive to the assumptions made.

Evaluation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices among Mothers of Children Aged 0 to 59 Months in the Rural Commune of Sinder, Tillabery, Niger

Feeding practices play a major role in the nutritional status of children (WHO/UNICEF, 2009). The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months in the rural commune of Sinder. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which involved a representative and random sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months. A questionnaire was completed through a structured interview. The data were collected with ODK software then analyzed with SPSS and Epi Info version 7.2 software. A total of 250 mother/child couples were enrolled. About 58% of newborns receive breast milk as their first food and 42% received pre-lacteal fluids. The majority of children are put to the breast early, including 55.2% immediately after birth and 34.4% within the next 24 hours, but 10.4% wait more than 24 hours. 66.4% of mothers say they have been made aware of EBF practices by health workers and 33.6% by those close to the mother. Around 37% of mothers say they do not believe in the nutritional and health benefits of EBF. Only 44% of infants receive EBF up to 6 months. The average duration of EBF is 4.4± 2.77 months. Among children receiving other foods in addition to breast milk before their sixth month, 56% receive water, 32.8% receive a herbal decoction, 45.6% take family meals, 50.4% drink the porridge. The practice of EBF in the rural commune of Sinder is suboptimal.

The Association of PELOD-2 Score and Nutritional Status of Children Treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar, 2020-2022

Background: The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD-2) is used to measure the severity of vital organ dysfunction due to disease or other medical conditions in pediatric patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Nutritional status is a crucial factor affecting the body's ability to fight disease and the risk of complications. The aim was to evaluate the association between PELOD-2 scores and nutritional status in children treated in the PICU of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar. Methods: This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design using medical record data of children aged 1 month to 18 years treated in the PICU of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar from January 2020 to December 2022. Data were collected from 428 subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square tests and logistic regression. Results: The study results indicated that PELOD-2 scores were significantly associated with poor nutritional status (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.107–2.73), ventilator use (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 3.336–8.913), and gender, with males being at higher risk (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.042–2.654). Older age was found to be a protective factor against high PELOD-2 scores (ExpB: 0.996; 95% CI: 0.993–1.00). Conclusion: PELOD-2 scores are significantly associated with poor nutritional status, age, ventilator use, and gender in children treated in the PICU.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НУТРИТИВНОГО СТАТУСА ДЕТЕЙ С МУКОВИСЦИДОЗОМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА

Adequate nutritional status in a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) positively correlates with the normal function of the bronchopulmonary system. Many domestic and foreign studies have been conducted so far to assess the nutritional status of children and adults with CF. However, there is no data as yet on the phenotypic characteristics of children from different ethnic groups of the North Caucasus depending on their genotype. The purpose of this research was to study the peculiarities of nutritional status in children with CF of the following Russia’s North Caucasus ethnic groups: Chechen, Karachay-Circassian, Dagestani, Ingush and Ossetian-Alanian. Materials and methods used: a single-center open prospective study of 117 children with CF aged 2 months to 17 years old (Me 6 y/o) of various North Caucasus ethnic groups was conducted. All patients have undergone molecular diagnosis and assessment of both nutritional status and exocrine pancreatic function. Results: 50.4% of pediatric patients with CF in the Russia’s North Caucasus have had pathological mutations in c.1545_1546delTA, p.(Tyr515*) and c.3846G&gt;A, p.(Trp1282*) in homozygous state. These mutations were most often found in the Ingush (100%) and Chechen (82%) ethnic groups and somewhat less frequently in the Dagestani (57.1%) and Karachay-Circassian (54%) ethnic groups. In the Chechen and Ossetian-Alanian ethnic groups, when these mutations were detected, severe pancreatic insufficiency was established in 40.5% and 100% of cases, respectively. Pseudo-Bartter syndrome was diagnosed in 60% of cases with this genetic variant in a homozygous or compound heterozygous states during the patients’ first years of life. Indicators for the nutritional status of children with CF from different ethnic groups were significantly lower compared to those recorded officially in the 2021 Russian National Register of Patients with CF. Conclusion: it is necessary to study the course of CF and the state of nutritional status separately in each population and its connection with the identified genetic characteristics of the Russia’s North Caucasus ethnic groups. The genotype and phenotype patterns for these patients were the reason for the development of disorders of the exocrine function of the pancreas and pseudo-Bartter syndrome at an early age, which in its turn could lead to further development of nutritional deficiency.

Prognostics of multiple malaria episodes and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 59 months from 2013 to 2017 in Dangassa, Koulikoro region, Mali

BackgroundIn Africa, the relationship between childhood nutritional status and malaria remains complex and difficult to interpret. Understanding it is important in the improvement of malaria control strategies. This study aimed to assess the influence of nutritional status on the occurrence of multiple malaria episodes in children aged 6 to 59 months between 2013 and 2017 living in the village of Dangassa, Mali.MethodsA community-based longitudinal study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys (CSSs) at the beginning (June) and end (November) of the malaria transmission season associated with passive case detection (PCD) at the Dangassa Community Health Centre. Children with asymptomatic malaria infection during cross-sectional surveys were selected and their malaria episodes followed by PCD. Malaria indicators in person-months were estimated using an ordinal-logistic model repeated on subjects during follow-up periods.ResultsThe incidence rate (IR) during the period of high transmission (June to October), for 1 episode and for 2 + episodes peaked in 2013 with 65 children (IR = 95.73 per 1000 person-months) and 24 cases (IR = 35.35 per 1000 person-months), respectively. As expected, the risk of multiple episodes occurring during the period of high transmission was 3.23 compared to the period of low transmission after adjusting for other model parameters (95% CI [2.45–4.26], p = 0.000). Children with anaemia were at high risk of having multiple episodes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.12–2.30], p = 0.011). However, the risk of having 2 + episodes for anemic children was higher during the period of low transmission (RR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.15–2.42], p = 0.007) compared to the period of high transmission (RR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.09–2.29], p = 0.016). The trend indicated that anemic and underweight children were significantly associated with multiple malaria episodes during the period of low transmission (p < 0.001).ConclusionResults show that multiple episodes of malaria are significantly related to the nutritional status (anaemia and underweight) of the child during the two transmission seasons and more pronounced during the dry season (period of low transmission). Further research including other malnutrition parameters will be needed to confirm these findings.

Effect of maternal supplementation on nutritional status of children at aged 24 month in West Sumatra Province: A prospective cohort trial

Effect of maternal supplementation on nutritional status of children at aged 24 month in West Sumatra Province: A prospective cohort trial