Children In Need Research Articles

Stability and transitions in school-aged children's physical education need satisfaction profiles: A latent transition analysis

This study examined stability and transitions of school-aged children's self-determination theory-based need satisfaction profiles in physical education (PE) over three years. Participants were 1121 (girls 573, boys 548) Finnish school children. The self-report data were assessed using identical procedures from 2017 to 2020. Three latent need satisfaction profiles were identified: Low, Mid, and High need satisfactions. Transitions mainly occurred between grade 5 and 6 in elementary school, after which the profile memberships remained relatively stable. The profile memberships were not school- or PE group dependent over time. These results indicate that school-based actions to achieve a positive impact on need satisfaction development could already be commenced in the early school years, as it may be more challenging to induce positive changes in student behaviours after children have transitioned to middle school.

Impact of new dedicated pediatric operating rooms on surgical volume in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria

BackgroundThere is a large unmet children's surgical need in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines the impact of installing dedicated pediatric operating rooms (ORs) on surgical volume at National Hospital Abuja, a hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. MethodsA Non-Governmental Organization installed two pediatric ORs in August 2019. We assessed changes in volume from July 2018 to September 2021 using interrupted time series analysis. ResultsTotal surgical volume increased by 13 cases (p = 0.01) in 1-month post-installation, with elective operations making up 85% (p = 0.02) of cases. There was an increase in elective volume by about 1 case per month (p = 0.01) post-installation and the difference between pre-and post-trends was 1.23 cases per month (p = 0.009). The baseline volume of neonatal surgeries increased by 9 cases per month (p < 0.001) post-installation and this difference between pre- and post-trends was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Similarly, one-month post-installation, the cases classified as ASA class >2 increased by 14 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between pre-and post-installation mortality rate at about 2% per month. ConclusionsThere were significant changes in surgical volume after OR installation, primarily composed of elective operations, reflecting an increased capacity to address surgical backlogs and/or perform more specialized surgeries. Despite a significant increase in volume and higher ASA class, there was no significant difference in mortality. This study supports the installation of surgical infrastructure in LMICs to strengthen capacity without increasing postoperative mortality.

Landscape Design as a Tool to Meet Children's Needs in Residual Urban Spaces

Residual spaces are defined as a category of open spaces that exist in our urban context but are rarely considered by urban designers. They have other terminologies, such as leftovers, loose spaces, lost spaces, neglected spaces, and neglected urban land. However, residual spaces can be used to serve in community problem-solving such as children's needs in outdoor spaces. Using landscape design as a tool, residual spaces in an urban context can be used to consider children's activities and their different needs. In this sense, this paper highlights the main aspects of the two main factors of the study, which are the landscape design elements and components of residual spaces and the different types of child needs. This research explores the relationship between these two main factors and their components to define the most suitable landscape design elements that can respond to the different children's needs in outdoor spaces. To achieve this goal, the research proposes a matrix based on a literature review and analysis of two case studies, one international and another local, that combine the two main factors of the study, which are the landscape design elements and components of residual spaces, and several types of child needs. It also proposes an inferred matrix that comes from the main matrix, which will provide a tool that helps the landscape designers evaluate the projects oriented to the child and contribute with the main matrix to design better and more responsive outdoor spaces for children in the future.

The cumulative proportion of children receiving social care services in England: a whole population administrative data cohort study.

ObjectivesChildren who receive social care services have high levels of need, but the proportion of the population they comprise is unknown. We aimed to estimate the cumulative proportion of children in England who ever become looked after (CLA) or placed on a child in need (CiN) plan by age 18. ApproachWe analysed longitudinal administrative children’s social care data: the CLA dataset (available from 1992) and the CiN census (from 2011/12) which respectively contain information on all children in England who become CLA and are assessed as being CiN. The number of CLA in birth cohorts from 1992 to 2016 was divided by Office for National Statistics population denominators to estimate the overall cumulative proportion and by EthPOP denominators to describe ethnic variation. Because of incomplete coverage of CiN data, we combined estimates from different birth cohorts, making reductions to the numerator to address left-censoring. ResultsThe cumulative proportion of children who became CLA before their 18th birthday was 3% for those born in 1992, rising to 4% for those born in 2000. For subsequent cohorts (who had not yet reached age 18), the cumulative proportion by earlier ages also rose over time, but plateaued with the 2012 birth cohort. The cumulative proportion varied by ethnicity: among children born in 2000, it was 18% for those of other ethnicity (many of whom were unaccompanied asylum seeking children), 11% for black children and 7% for those of mixed ethnicity. Most children first became looked after before age 2, with a secondary peak around age 16. Finally, we estimated that 42% of all children in England were recognised as CiN before age 18. ConclusionSignificant proportions of children receive social care services in England. The ethnic variation we observed may indicate systematic differences in how the care system responds to CLA from different backgrounds. These results have implications for service design, as well as preventive strategies to improve child health and well-being.

Evaluation of non-enrolment of children in all English state schools: linked, administrative data cohort study of children receiving social care and their peers.

ObjectivesAll children have a right to education, but research indicates that those receiving children’s social care (CSC) services are at increased risk of non-enrolment in school, including through off-rolling (illegal exclusion). We aimed to use administrative data to estimate the association between CSC history and non-enrolment in secondary school. ApproachUsing the National Pupil Database (data on all English state school enrolments), we identified a cohort of 1,059,781 pupils aged 11 in 2011 and 2012. Children were categorised as having a history of being children in need (CiN), on child protection plans (CPPs) or looked after (CLA) using linked data from CSC services. We estimated the proportion of children not enrolled across ages 12 to 16 by CSC history. We then assessed with regression modelling the association between CSC history and non-enrolment in years 10/11. We also examined variation in overall non-enrolment rates between local authorities and regions. ResultsOf children without CSC history, 3.8% had 1 or more non-enrolments across ages 12 to 16. This proportion was higher among children with a history of being CiN (8.1%), on a CPP (9.4%) or being CLA (10.4%). The odds of non-enrolment in years 10/11 were higher among those with CLA history vs non-exposed peers (OR 4.76, 95% CI 4.49-5.05) as well as in those with CPP (3.60, 3.39-3.81) and CiN history (2.53, 2.49-2.58). History of special educational needs and disability (SEND) further increased non-enrolment odds. These associations and interactions persisted after adjusting for confounders. Non-enrolment rates were highest in the London region and varied significantly between local authorities. ConclusionOur findings show that children with CSC history (especially those with SEND) are more likely to be non-enrolled in secondary school than other children. Work is needed to understand the non-enrolment mechanisms, which may include illegal off-rolling and other exclusionary practices, to improve the education of children with CSC history.

Parents' attitude to children's musical education as a factor of self-realisation of children's art school learners (based on the results of online surveys of children and parents)

The article presents the results of a study aimed at studying the influence of parents' attitude to the musical education of children in the context of the development and self-realisation of learners in children's art schools. The paper analyses the prevailing values, interests, attitudes towards learning, self-assessment of the possibilities and self-realisation effectiveness in the educational space, as well as parents' assessments of development opportunities, children’s self-realisation, and the results of the educational process in art schools. As a methodological tool, 2 author's questionnaires were used – for children's school learners and their parents, posted in Google forms. The statistical package Microsoft Office Excel was used to process the results. In total, the study involved 134 learners of the children’s art school and 139 adults – parents of children studying in music schools in two subjects of the Russian Federation in its European Centre – Bryansk and Kaluga regions. The work showed the majority of learners positively assessing the results of studying at a music school – music education creates conditions for formation of their worldview, values, entry into culture; it enriches the value sphere, contributes to the formation of an appropriate personality orientation – interest, hobbies in music. Leaners attending a children's art school need good relations, support from both pedagogues and parents. The majority of schoolchildren stated the predominance of positive, friendly relations between peers and pedagogues. The study confirmed the importance of parental support for the self-realisation of learners in the educational space of the children’s art school. Parents play a decisive role in deciding whether to send their children to a music school. A relationship has been established – parents who perceive children as gifted and talented, devote more time to their children, show greater interest in the affairs and successes of their children, and show greater involvement in their musical education and creative activity.

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Algorithm for Children.

Advanced automatic crash notification (AACN) can improve triage decision-making by using vehicle telemetry to alert first responders of a motor vehicle crash and estimate an occupant's likelihood of injury. The objective was to develop an AACN algorithm to predict the risk that a pediatric occupant is seriously injured and requires treatment at a Level I or II trauma center. Based on 3 injury facets (severity; time sensitivity; predictability), a list of Target Injuries associated with a child's need for Level I/II trauma center treatment was determined. Multivariable logistic regression of motor vehicle crash occupants was performed creating the pediatric-specific AACN algorithm to predict risk of sustaining a Target Injury. Algorithm inputs included: delta-v, rollover quarter-turns, belt status, multiple impacts, airbag deployment, and age. The algorithm was optimized to achieve under-triage ≤5% and over-triage ≤50%. Societal benefits were assessed by comparing correctly triaged motor vehicle crash occupants using the AACN algorithm against real-world decisions. The pediatric AACN algorithm achieved 25% to 49% over-triage across crash modes, and under-triage rates of 2% for far-side, 3% for frontal and near-side, 8% for rear, and 14% for rollover crashes. Applied to real-world motor vehicle crashes, improvements of 59% in under-triage and 45% in over-triage are estimated: more appropriate triage of 32,320 pediatric occupants annually. This AACN algorithm accounts for pediatric developmental stage and will aid emergency personnel in correctly triaging pediatric occupants after a motor vehicle crash. Once incorporated into the trauma triage network, it will increase triage efficiency and improve patient outcomes.

Examining The Child's Needs With An Ecological System Approach In Determining Values To Be Subject To Education

İnsanlar çeşitli olay ve olgular karşısında takınacakları tavırları ve sergileyecekleri davranışları belirlerken kendi ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin yanı sıra ait oldukları gruplar ile içinde yaşadıkları toplumun ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini de göz önünde bulundururlar. Bu durum öğrencilerin ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin tespiti, eğitim durumlarının düzenlenmesi, bir diğer ifadeyle öğrenme yaşantılarını sağlayacak dış koşulların düzenlenmesi ve işe koşulmasıyla yakından ilgilidir. Söz konusu ihtiyaç ve beklentiler, eğitim durumlarının olduğu kadar değer eğitimi sistemlerinin de temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, eğitimde içerik hazırlama çalışmaları çerçevesinde değerlerin belirlenmesinde çocuğun kendisinin, mensubu olduğu grubun/grupların ve içinde yaşadığı toplumun ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini konu edinmektedir. Literatür taramasına ve doküman incelemesine dayalı bu çalışmanın problemi, çocukların yukarıda sözü edilen parametreler çerçevesinde ortak bir değer anlayışı geliştirebilmelerini sağlayacak bütüncül bir anlayış ve yaklaşım mümkün müdür sorusudur. Alan yazında, sözü edilen paydaşların ihtiyaç ve beklentileri ile değer gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi konu alan çalışmaların sınırlı olması; ayrıca söz konusu ilişkiye dair yeterli farkındalığın, derinliğin ve bilgi seviyesinin bulunmaması bu çalışmayı önemli kılan hususların başında gelmektedir.

Parent Training Adapted to the Needs of Children With Callous–Unemotional Traits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Callous–unemotional (CU) traits designate a distinct subgroup of children with early-starting, stable, and aggressive conduct problems. Critically, traditional parenting interventions often fail to normalize conduct problems among this subgroup. The aim of this study was to test whether parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) adapted to target distinct deficits associated with CU traits (PCIT-CU) produced superior outcomes relative to standard PCIT. In this proof-of-concept trial, 43 families with a 3- to 7-year-old child (M age = 4.84 years, SD = 1.12, 84% male) with clinically significant conduct problems and elevated CU traits were randomized to receive standard PCIT (n = 21) or PCIT-CU (n = 22) at an urban university-based research clinic. Families completed five assessments measuring child conduct problems, CU traits, and empathy. Parents in both conditions reported good treatment acceptability and significantly improved conduct problems and CU traits during active treatment, with no between-group differences. However, linear mixed-effects models showed treatment gains in conduct problems deteriorated for children in standard PCIT relative to those in PCIT-CU during the 3-month follow-up period (ds = 0.4–0.7). PCIT-CU shows promise for sustaining improvements in conduct problems for young children with conduct problems and CU traits, but requires continued follow-up and refinement.

The Evolving Needs of Children Hospitalized for Eating Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in hospital admissions for adolescents with eating disorders (EDs). However, there is a paucity of information on how this increase has affected hospitalization courses and disposition planning. We sought to describe the changes in hospitalizations for EDs at our institution during the pandemic. We reviewed charts of patients admitted to our academic medical center for nutritional restoration from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2021. We report differences in patient characteristics and hospitalization courses using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression. We reviewed charts for 85 patients for 108 hospital admissions. Admissions increased from 1.4 per month prepandemic to 3.6 per month during the pandemic (P < .001). Most patients were female (91%), White (79%), had private insurance, (80%) and had restrictive eating behaviors (97%). During the pandemic, we found (1) an increase in the average length of stay (12.6 days vs. 18.0 days) with younger age associated with longer length of stay (P < .001); (2) more patients requiring psychotropic medication management (11% vs 31%, P = .01); and (3) fewer patients discharged from the hospital with outpatient therapy (43% vs 24%, P = .03). In addition to an increase in hospital admissions for ED management during the pandemic, our study highlights the evolving needs of ED patients during their hospitalizations. The implications of longer admissions with higher acuity at discharge represent areas where appropriate adaptations in inpatient management and disposition planning may improve the quality of care for ED patients.

PARENTING PATTERNS IMPACT ON CHILDREN’S SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE: STUDY ON PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN BENEFICIARIES FAMILY

Parenting is a lifelong parenting process. This study aims to determine the impact of parenting style on children's social intelligence in beneficiary families. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. Data analysis technique using the Mile and Huberman model consist of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The research results obtained include (1) Several families have received assistance since 2015 (2) Assistance is carried outevery month with an average of 85% of participants from all residents due to business (3) 75% of parents apply democratic parenting and 25 % apply authoritarian parenting (4) Children need time to adapt in a new environment (5) children are able to share toys and food and (6) children are able to resolve disputes between friends without involving their parents.

Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression Model on Factors that Affects the Need for Children Among Ethiopian Women

Background: Need for children (desire for children), is one of the major factors influencing the population dynamics. Like other fertility preferences, it is not fixed but changes over the family life course in respect to actual fertility experiences and outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify socio-economic and demographic factors that affect the need for another child (desire for more children) among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (15-49). Methods: The study was based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2016 data. A total of 15,683 women with complete information were considered in the study. A Multinomial Logistic Regression Model, a family of generalized non-linear models, were used to identify determinant factors for the need to children (desire for children) among women in Ethiopia using STATA 14 and SPSS 23. Results: Results showed that among the reproductive age women’s 65.51% were need to have childe, and their average age was 25.05, 27.18% were don’t like to have child and their average age was 35.73, the rest 7.31% of the women were not decide where they need children or not and their average age was 24.8.From multinomial logistic regression model, Region, contraception using (for yes 0.658293 (0.58889, 0.73586) for undecided 0.6310024 (0.50151, 0.79394)), marital status, age of women(for yes 0.896552 (0.88968, 0.90348) for undecided 0.9282431 (0.91632, 0.94033)), number of living children, religion, age at first marriage ( for yes1.057528 (1.04363, 1.07161) for undecided 1.041 (1.01434,1.06836)), wealth index, women’s employment and women’s education were significant effect on the need for children among Ethiopian women. Conclusions: This study was based on a nationwide large sample demographic and survey conducted by the Ethiopian Statistical Agency. The study has empirically investigated and identified the determinants factors that affect the need for children among Ethiopian women. The multinomial logistic regression model analysis identified that variables such as marital status, contraception using, number of living children, age at first marriage and age of women play vital role in deciding on weather women need to have children or not. Region contraceptive using women’s employment, women’s education level and number of living children have negatively associated with outcome variable.

Dual Language Profiles in Spanish-Speaking English Learners.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe latent dual language profiles in a large sample of school-age Spanish-English bilingual children designated as English learners (ELs) by their school district. Data for this study include 847 Spanish-speaking ELs from kindergarten to third grade. Spanish and English narrative retell language samples were collected from all participants. Four oral language measures were calculated in Spanish and English, including the subordination index, moving average type-token ratio, narrative structure scheme (NSS), and words per minute using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcript. These indicator measures were used in a latent profile analysis to identify dual language profiles. The optimal model represents a four-profile solution, including a Spanish-dominant group (average Spanish, low English), an English-dominant group (low Spanish, average English), and two balanced groups (a balanced-average group and a balanced-high group). Additionally, participants displayed uneven performance across language domains and distinct patterns of unique strength or weakness in a specific domain in one of their two languages. Findings from this study highlight the large variability in English and Spanish oral language abilities in school-age Spanish-speaking ELs and suggest that a dichotomous classification of ELs versus English-proficient students may not be sufficient to determine the type of educational program that best fits a specific bilingual child's need. These findings highlight the need to assess both languages across multiple language domains to paint a representative picture of a bilingual child's language abilities. The dual language profiles identified may be used to guide the educational program selection process to improve the congruence among the linguistic needs of an individual child, teachers' use of instructional language, and the goals of the educational program (i.e., improving English proficiency vs. supporting dual language development). https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20151836.

Improving Child Health and Healthcare Use Outcomes: How Risk and Resilience Intersect in Pediatric Care.

More nuanced and comprehensive approaches are needed in preventive healthcare to have a larger impact on the social determinants of health that influence health and well-being over the life course. Using data from a nine-site study of pediatric health care innovations focused on screening, referring, and linking families of infants to services for social needs, we examined the clustering of risk and resilience reported by 888 parents at infant age birth to 6months using latent profile analysis (LPA). We then examined how risk and resilience profiles were associated with children's health status and family unmet need for social supports 1year later. The study was conducted in three states in 2018-2020 with recruitment in pediatric clinics serving low-income families. Results found four distinct family profiles of risk and resilience, and families in one profile (high household/relational risk and lower strengths) reported worse health outcomes compared to the low-risk, high strengths profile. Public benefits need-income assistance, health insurance, housing, and food assistance-at 1year continued to be heightened among all groups compared with the low risk, high-strength group, highlighting the importance of screening for social needs early in life as risk and resilience profiles are predictive of future need. Study findings point to the need to include risk and resilience screening in the strategies used by pediatric healthcare to predict health outcomes and design preventive approaches.

Rapid and Deferred Help Seeking Among African American Parents of Children With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties.

Little is known about the factors African American parents consider when seeking care for their child after emotional and behavioral difficulties emerge. This study aimed to examine factors associated with seeking professional care within 30 days after identifying a child's need (i.e., rapid care seeking) and with deferring care for ≥1 year. This cross-sectional study surveyed African American parents raising a child with emotional or developmental challenges (N=289). Logistic regression was used to examine associations of parent activation, medical mistrust, and care-seeking barriers with two outcomes: rapidly seeking care and deferring care seeking. About 22% of parents rapidly sought care, and 49% deferred care for 1 year or longer. Parents were more likely to rapidly seek care if they had higher parent activation scores; lived with other adults with mental health challenges; or, contrary to the authors' hypothesis, mistrusted doctors. Parents were less likely to rapidly seek care if the challenge did not initially bother them much or if their health insurance would not cover the service. Parents were more likely to defer care if they feared involuntary hospitalization for their child or if their health insurance would not cover the service. Parents were less likely to defer care if they had at least some college education or lived with other adults with mental health challenges. Community-based pediatric and child welfare professionals should be informed about facilitators and barriers to mental health care seeking as part of efforts to develop interventions that support African American families.

Do Parameatal Urethral Cysts in Children Need Surgical Excision?

ObjectiveTo examine pathophysiology of parameatal urethral cyst (PUC) with comparison between the surgical excision group and the spontaneous resolution group. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with PUC and aged ≤15 years. Initially, all the patients received observation without any treatment. The indication of surgical excision was family preference. The patients were analyzed according to their sex, age, symptoms, clinical course, and pathological examination findings. ResultsAmong the 54 boys visited our hospital for PUC. The median age at presentation was 35 (IQR: 12-50) months, including 7 (13.0%) neonates cases. In total, 38 (70.4%) patients were underwent surgical excision, 12 (22.2%) had spontaneous resolution during observation, 1 (1.9%) had observation without resolution, and 3 (5.6%) were lost to follow-up. The median size of PUC at the first visit was significantly larger in the surgical excision group (5 mm median, IQR 3-5) than in the spontaneous resolution group (1.5 mm median, IQR 1-2.5) (P <.0001). In this study, PUC ≥5 mm in diameter did not have spontaneous resolution. ConclusionThis is the largest study of PUC conducted at a single institute. This study indicated that 22% of PUCs had spontaneous resolution, and PUCs <5 mm had potential for spontaneous resolution. The results recommend an observation of at least 5.5 months for patients with asymptomatic PUC <5 mm. By contrast, we recommend the surgical excision for symptomatic PUC ≥5 mm according to the family preference.

Medical-Dental Integration: A Promising Approach To Address Unmet Dental Needs of Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs

Background: This review presents strategies on how medical-dental integration and a patient-centered approach may address the unmet dental needs of children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN).Methods: Programs, strategies and frameworks to implement medical-dental integration to improve the overall quality of life of CYSHCN were reviewed. The authors propose a patient-centered health home (PCHH) as a step toward a patient-centered approach to medical-dental integration for CYSHCN.Results: Many federal, state and local organizations have emphasized the importance of medical-dental integration. Models and frameworks to implement integrated care in multiple settings have been developed and can be applied for CYSHCN. The proposed PCHH model includes integrated education, improved clinical collaboration, integrated health information technology and integrated financing. Ravenswood clinic is an example of an organization that has developed an integrated care model that serves children and adults with special health care needs.Conclusion: CYSHCN often seek services from multiple specialties that may or may not integrate care with a patient-centered approach. It is imperative to develop care systems that make oral health an inseparable part of general health and well-being.Practical implications: The PCHH is a promising approach to improve the overall health of CYSHCN. Incorporating oral health competencies for primary care providers and increasing the skills of dental providers to care for CYSHCN are important steps. Improved communication and clinical collaboration between dental and primary care providers to increase preventive dental services to CYSHCN will reduce the burden on the health care system. However, PCHH can only be practical by reforming the health care financing system.

Age- and Sex-Specific Needs for Children Undergoing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery: A Qualitative Study.

The use of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) is extending to pediatric surgical populations, such as patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Given the variation in age- and sex-specific characteristics of pediatric IBD patients, it is important to understand the unique needs of subgroups, such as male versus female or preadolescent versus older patients, when implementing ERPs. We gathered clinician, patient, and caregiver perspectives on age- and sex-specific needs for children undergoing IBD surgery. We used semistructured interviews and focus groups to assess ERP needs and perceived differences in needs between preadolescent (10-13y), older (14-19y), male, and female IBD patients. Participants included clinicians, patients who had recent IBD surgery, and patients' caregivers. Forty-eight clinicians, six patients, and eight caregivers participated. Three broad categories of themes emerged: concerns, needs, and experiences related to the (1) surgical care process; (2) continuum of IBD care; and (3) suggestions to make surgical care more patient centered. With regard to surgical care processes, stakeholders reported different communication needs for preadolescent and older children. Key themes about the continuum of IBD care were the need (1) for support from child life specialists and (b) to address young women's health issues. Suggestions to make surgical care more patient centered included providing older children with patient experiences that reflect their perspective as young adults. The findings highlight the need to adopt a patient-centered approach for ERP use that actively addresses age- and sex-specific factors while engaging patients and caregivers as partners with clinicians to improve surgical care for children with IBD.

The Children Left Behind: The Need for Public Policies to Meet the Needs of Children Orphaned by COVID-19

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the social, cultural, economic, education, tourism, trade and other sectors in Indonesia. Of all of these, health and humanitarian issues are those most highlighted. This research involved a literature search of books, journal articles and manuscripts of government regulations. Discussing the death rate from COVID-19 is not only a question of how many people have lost their lives in Indonesia due to contracting the disease, but also of the conditions and survival of the families left behind, especially children who have lost their parents due to COVID-19. The psychological aspects of the families of COVID-19 victims have often been neglected. As yet, the Government still largely focuses on the sick or dead and has not paid much attention to the bereaved families, especially children, who are in dire need of assistance. In Indonesia, there are 11,045 children who have become orphans, fatherless, or motherless because their parents or caregivers died due to COVID-19.1 This raises concerns regarding how their clothing, food and shelter needs can be met, along with their needs related to the rights to education, physical and psychological health, and security and safety. Therefore, procedures, coordination, schemes for protecting children’s rights, and mitigation actions involving public policies must notice and meet the needs of children who have lost their parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Keywords: COVID-19, children, assistance, public policy

The Theory of Generations Importance for Implementing Medical and Social Needs of Children and Their Families in Russia

Fundamental principles of the theory of generations and its Russian version, which have been widely distributed in the last three decades especially in psychological science have been analyzed. The author’s opinion on the real possibility of its implementation in the practice for protecting the health of younger generation of the country considering the degree of formation in family and in, educational organization of the child’s life values, behavior and his own health attitude, is presented. The application perspectiveness of the Theory in the medical and organizational, psychological, ethical, and deontological, legal plan on the model of social patronage in the family, medical and social work, especially in the pediatric primary care, acquaintance with the living conditions specialty, education, development and growing up, intrafamilial relations, “problems of fathers and children” are presented.