Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition caused by T lymphocytes that results in the death of pancreatic cells. Protein tyrosine phosphate non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL2RA) polymorphisms have been discovered to have a connection to a number of autoimmune illnesses, including T1D. Objective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of the polymorphisms PTPN22 (rs2476601) and IL2RA (rs2104286) in the susceptibility to T1DM in young Iraqi children. Methods: The study included 60 Iraqi children diagnosed with T1DM within the past three years and a control group of 30 healthy individuals without diabetes or autoimmune diseases. In order to conduct a molecular investigation. Five ml of venous blood from 90 participants (60 patients and 30 controls) was collected for nucleic acid extraction. Results: The PTPN22 (rs2476601) and IL2RA (rs2104286) polymorphisms were genotyped using the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique and specific primers. According to the results, PTPN22 (rs2476601) has a wild-type homozygous C/C genotype and C allele frequency of 90%, a mutant C/T genotype frequency of 10%, and no T allele. Following were the genotype frequencies for IL2RA (rs2104286): AA, AG, and GG in T1DM patients were 79%, 16%, and 4%, respectively, compared to 83%, 13%, and 3% in controls. Conclusion: The polymorphisms of PTPN22 rs2476601 and IL2RA rs2104286 did not significantly differ in their connection with type 1 diabetes. It does not appear to affect the susceptibility of Asian Iraqis to T1D.