Children In Institutions Research Articles

Социальные учреждения по предотвращению суицидного поведения подростков

Research relevance: socialization includes all the processes of communication with culture, upbringing and education, thanks to which a person gets the opportunity to participate in public and social life. The whole environment of a person is involved in the process of socialization: family, neighbors, peers in children's institutions, schools, the media, etc. Research objectives: thus, we identified such requirements for the components of socialization, the specifics of the content of socialization tasks inherent in adolescence, and the level of personal development of adolescent students in accordance with the requirements of modern society. Research materials and methods: general medical interventions include treatment aimed at eliminating the somatic and neurological consequences of suicide attempts and preventing disability. Research results: reconstruction of the education system and public education will be successful only if it is the work of the whole society. Conclusions: it is important to focus all social life, social-cultural environment, education and training system on the younger generation.

Prevention of skin and sexually transmitted diseases in children's institutions for OZD and P

The decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on primary and secondary schools is a historical document on the path of building a Soviet school.

Quality of life problems in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its subtype associated with uveitis (literature review and own research)

Background. The problem of the quality of life (QoL) is relevant nowadays, especially for patients with chronic diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and the subtype of JIA associated with uveitis (JIA-u). The purpose was to carry out a literature review on the QoL in children with JIA and JIA-u, with an analysis of existing tools, the possibility of their use in children, and to assess the QoL indicators of children with JIA, who were treated in a specialized department of the hospital. Materials and methods. The search was performed in the PubMed, Medline, and Google databases using the keywords: JIA, rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, JIA-u, arthritis with uveitis, QoL, QoL in children. Inclusion criteria were as follows: publication after 2010, use of questionnaires to assess QoL, the sample of patients over 30 people. The type of instrument for assessing QoL, the sample nature, and the QoL indicators of patients were analyzed. The study was carried out at the premises of the State Institution “Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” and involved 41 children with JIA (22 with polyarticular, and 19 with oligoarticular variants): 25 girls and 16 boys aged 3–17 years with disease duration of 40.2 ± 6.2 months. Thirty-six of them received methotrexate, and 5 — sulfasalazine. The disease activity was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27) and the functional state — by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). For quality of life assessment, the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM validated for Ukraine was used. Results. The analysis included 73 foreign scientific papers from 2011 to 2021, among which 11 are fully devoted to the assessment of QoL in children with JIA, and 62 partially cover this topic in children and adults with arthritis. In Ukraine, these issues are not discussed enough (6 articles on the evaluation of QoL in children), the factors for its deterioration remain unclear. The level of activity according to JADAS27 in children in subgroups with both poly- and oligoarticular variants was high (11.20 ± 7.04 and 8.9 ± 4.2 points), and the functional state (on CHAQ) — 0.19 ± 0.17. In children with JIA, QoL indicators are reduced, especially on the scales of emotional and school functioning, and closely correlate with disease activity (r = 0.784, p < 0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of the conducted studies showed that decreased disease activity is not accompanied by the QoL indicators optimization, which remain reduced. Recently, the situation with the QoL assessment in domestic medicine has been improving, relevant questionnaires are being actively introduced. However, the ambiguity of the results in world medicine and the presence of a small number of works on this topic determine the urgency of the problem of QoL in children with JIA in Ukraine.

NOISE POLLUTION OF THE MAIN STREETS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE CITY OF LVIV

Introduction. The modern process of urbanization is accompanied by a steady trend towards increasing the level of motorization. And both public and private. The concentration of a large number of vehicles in a relatively limited area of the city leads to the dominant impact of transport on the noise state of the territory. The flows of road transport in modern cities are the main source of generated external noise and create an environmental problem of noise pollution with different levels of load on urban areas. Solving the problem of noise pollution created by road traffic is one of the complex tasks of sustainable development of modern cities. The problem of noise pollution is especially relevant for narrow main streets with old buildings in the central areas of modern cities. In the lack of regular monitoring of noise pollution in urban ecosystems, many threats to the health of urban residents. Therefore, a systematic study of noise levels in such areas allows deepening knowledge about the modern environment of human life and its dangerous factors.Purpose. The study was to establish the levels of noise pollution on the main streets of the central part of Lviv from traffic flows to assess the environmental conditions of urban areas.Methods. Measurements of noise levels were carried out directly on the sidewalks of main streets with medium traffic intensity in daylight with the accounting of vehicle categories and the use of digital noise meter brand Benetech GM 1356.Results. At the time of the research in the research areas, there were more than 2 thousand cars per hour. The share of cars in the traffic flow of main streets is predominant (over 80%). According to the results of measurements of noise levels in the studied areas of the streets exceeded the permissible standards (Lec. Add., DBA), established for areas directly adjacent to residential buildings, health care facilities, children's preschools, schools and other educational insti-tutions, libraries, temples, museums and shopping malls. Exceeding the acceptable norms of noise pollution on ave. V. Chornovola street is from 15 to 19 dBA, on the street. Gorodotskaya - from 23 to 28 dBA.Conclusions. Noise levels in the study areas exceed the permissible pollution levels by 27% or more. A high positive correlation was established between the noise level and the intensity of vehicles in the flow. The results of high noise levels in public areas are a cause for concern. To solve the problem of noise pollution, the most effective measure is to limit the entry of cars into the central part of the city.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ОЖОГОВ У ДЕТЕЙ

Burns in children are a significant pathology, despite strict measures and informing parents on the observance of safety rules in everyday life. Currently, the frequency of burns in children's institutions - kindergartens, schools and other places is minimized. But burns are often found in domestic conditions. According the date of different authors, burns are a global problem. Our purpose of the study was to analyze of literature and identify modern tendency in the management of childhood burns. According the analysis, the treatment of burns in children has undergone evolutionary changes from traditional methods (surgical treatment of wounds, local treatment of burn wounds using ointments and various wound dressings, necrectomy with immediate or delayed autodermoplasty) till to the use of mesenchymal stem cells of burn origin.

Postoperative recovery assessment after appendectomy in children - laparoscopic versus open technique

Introduction/Objective. Surgery is a ?gold standard? in treating the acute appendicitis in pediatric patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of open and laparoscopic appendectomy on postoperative recovery, return to everyday activities, and the quality of life in patients operated on for acute appendicitis. Methods. This prospective study was performed at the Institute for Children and Youth Healthcare of Vojvodina, over a period of 10 months. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute. All patients treated for acute appendicitis by surgery were divided into two basic groups ? open or laparoscopic appendectomy ? and into three subgroups, depending on the degree of appendicitis. We analyzed the length of surgery, oral intake, establishing peristalsis, hospital stay, return to everyday activities, and the quality of life after surgery. Results. Laparoscopic technique was performed in 60 patients (48%), and the open method in 65 patients (52%). In 66.7% of laparoscopically treated patients, peristalsis occurred earlier (p < 0.001), length of hospital stay was shorter (5.95 ? 1.21 days) (Z = -3.054; p = 0.002), the total score of daily activities showed a statistically significantly better score (Z = -7.667; p = 0.000), and they achieved a high level of quality of life significantly earlier (t = 2.773; p = 0.007). Conclusion. The advantages of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of acute appendicitis in children are reflected in the faster re-establishment of everyday functioning, faster recovery, and a good quality of life.

Медико-санітарні умови життя вихованців дитячих будинків УРСР у 1945 – першій половині 1950-х рр.

Мета статті. Висвітлити санітарно-гігієнічні умови життя та рівень медичного забезпечення вихованців дитячих будинків УРСР у перше повоєнне десятиліття. Методологічною базою дослідження є принципи об’єктивності та історизму; комплексний та конкретно-історичний підходи, а також загальнонаукові методи дослідження (аналізу і синтезу, індукції та дедукції, герменевтичний) і спеціально-історичні (історико-генетичний, порівняльно-історичний). Новизна роботи зумовлена вкрай обмеженим висвітленням в українській історіографії санітарно-гігієнічних умов, а також рівня медичного забезпечення вихованців дитячих будинків. Висновки. Повоєнний період став складним випробуванням для фізичної витривалості вихованців дитячих будинків і не найкращим чином позначився на їх здоров’ї. Критична скупченість дітей у занадто тісних приміщеннях сприяла розповсюдженню захворювань і навіть призводила до тривалих епідемій. Через брак необхідних санітарних приміщень, зокрема, ізоляторів та карантинних приміщень, а також вчасної госпіталізації хворі діти часто перебували разом із здоровими, що також несло загрозу для здоров’я всіх вихованців. Не сприяло покращенню ситуації і погане постачання дитячих будинків засобами особистої гігієни і медикаментами, а також фактична відсутність лікарів, які переважно працювали у дитбудинках за сумісництвом і досить безвідповідально ставилися до своїх обов’язків. Водночас держава намагалась тримати ситуацію під контролем, періодично влаштовуючи масові перевірки санітарного стану дитбудинків, унаслідок чого окремі дитячі заклади навіть були закриті. Проте антисанітарія у дитячих будинках була посилена через надмірну скупченість вихованців, оскільки сиріт із закритих дитбудинків доводилось розподіляти по переповнених інших закладах республіки.

Technical and economic indicators of the Festival microdistrict of Yoshkar-Ola

In order to design a comfortable living environment for everyday life, namely it pertains to residential sector of microdistrict, it is necessary to take into account a range of nuances: the number and size of public utility sites and children’s playgrounds, guest parking lots and temporary car storage areas, the number of green spaces and common areas, as well as the number and size of children's educational institutions, shops, cultural and consumer service enterprises and much more. On the other hand, the comparison of different neighborhoods or the dynamics in the development of a single neighborhood requires digital indicators in absolute or relative values. In urban planning the technical and economic indicators of residential development are applied for these purposes. Technical and economic indicators are used for various purposes, including for comparative analysis of the quality of life in a residential area and even the cost of residential units. First and foremost, they are related to the size of the microdistrict and the number of residents. Some of them depend on these indicators, for example the density of residential buildings; some affect them, for example, the number of storeys affects the density of housing and density of residents; other indicators depend on the key technical and economic indicators, such as a number of parking lots, green spaces, and size of playgrounds.

The state of physical functionning of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the assessment of quality of life

Summary. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a severe chronic childhood disease that affects not only the joints but is also accompanied by various comorbid conditions, among which eye damage (uveitis) is the most common. In addition to a significant impact on the general condition of the child, this disease also affects the main indicators of quality of life: physical activity, emotional activity, activity in educational institutions, and the social sphere. During the period of active study of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients quality of life, a decrease in its overall level is noted due to almost all components, but physical activity shows the lowest values in some studies, which is associated with joint damage, activity, and duration of the disease. Objective. To determine the state of physical functioning and assess the overall level of quality of life in patients with JIA, considering the subtype of the disease duration and the therapy complex. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out at SI "Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kharkiv, from November 2020 till November 2021. There 118 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis were examined, including 47 with polyarticular, 43 with oligoarticular, 28 with uveitis-associated subtypes. The investigation involved 77 girls and 41 boys in age from 2 till 18 years old. The therapy by methotrexate was provided in 111 patients, among them 30 had methotrexate with immunobiological therapy (29 adalimumab, 1 – tocilizumab), 6 – sulfasalazine. The disease duration due to disease subtype was in children with polyarthritis – (49,2±6,7), oligoarthritis – (35,4±4,2), uveitis-associated subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis – (76,8±10,2) months. Disease activity was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27-joint reduced count questionnaire, functional state according to he Child Health Assessment Questionnaire and quality of life according to PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Results. It was found that high juvenile idiopathic arthritis activity was observed in 31 (26.2%) patients, equally often in all subgroups of children. Index functional state did not show a significant decrease either in the whole group or in each of the arthritis subgroups. The overall indicator of quality of life in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was reduced in the whole group (71.2±1.4 and 72.9±1.4 per week and month). There was no significant difference between the quality of life indicators of boys and girls. at the same time, physical activity indicators were the lowest in the group with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, regardless of gender and age of children, and especially low in children with polyarthritis in the first year of the disease. They also turned out to be worse in children with uveitis-associated subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with the disease from one to three years. The highest level of the physical component of quality of life was observed in children with oligoarthritis older than 14 years and in children under 8 years of age in the uveitis-associated subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. There was no significant effect on the physical indicators of quality of life of the start treatment timing. (р≤0,05). Conclusions. A decrease in quality of life and its physical component is typical for children with different types of juvenile idiopathic arthriti (oligoarticular, polyarticular, and uveitis-associated subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis). It has been established that children with polyarticular subtype of arthritis have the greatest decrease in quality of life and physical functioning.

Vitamin D level and hormonal status association in adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea

Research objective: to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to identify its association with reproductive hormones in adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea.Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the results of clinical and instrumental examination of 68 adolescent girls 12–18 years old with oligomenorrhea, who were treated at the Department of Pediatric Gynecology of the State Institution “Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the NAMS of Ukraine”. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the body mass index (BMI): group I – with a body weight deficit (BMI 16.31 ± 0.18 kg/m2), group II – with a BMI within physiological norm (20.0 ± 0.25 kg/m2). All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination: luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormones, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, 25(OH)D were determined in blood serum. Multivariate regression analysis was using for analyze the association of gonаdotropic, steroid hormones with vitamin D. The main characteristics of the object discrimination model are presented in the form of tables.Results. The article provides a comparative analysis of the hormonal profile and vitamin D level depending on BMI. It was revealed that a reduced 25(OH)D value was characteristic not only in patients with menstrual dysfunction, but also in peers with normal menstrual function. Schemes that characterize the pituitary-gonadal association with vitamin D were constructed based on the results of multiple regression analysis. Their features were determined in girls with different body weights. In patients with low energy resources there were direct associations between individual indicators of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone), steroid hormones (estradiol, cortisol) and vitamin D. An inverse association was observed between vitamin D and cortisol and prolactin in girls with balanced energy status.Conclusions. The reduced content of vitamin D is characteristically for patients with menstrual dysfunctions by the type of oligomenorrhea. Associations of gonadotropic, steroid hormones and vitamin D, depending on the energy status (nutrition) of patients with oligomenorrhea were revealed.

Pemenuhan Hak Pendidikan Keolahragaan Bagi Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Tangerang

The importance of education for children in life, it needs to be given to all children but what about children in conflict with the law who are serving their criminal period at the Special Children's Institution, education carried out by means of Packages A, B, and C is one solution but is it in the solution? Therefore, sports education is given and how the education is given. In this study, it is explained that sports education has been implemented with its programs in formal, non-formal and informal education. To obtain the results of research on the fulfillment of the right to Sports Education, this research uses qualitative research methods by means of observation and also conducts case studies of applicable laws. This study has a purpose, namely to find out and obtain data about the implementation of the fulfillment of the right to education for children in conflict with the law at the Special Child Development Institute, especially in Sports Education. Children who are in conflict with the law have the right to education. Sports Education is education that focuses on physical and sports which is carried out as part of a regular and continuous educational process and has the aim of obtaining physical fitness, personality, skills, health, and knowledge. Sports Education is one form of an implementation of coaching at the Special Child Development Institute. The limited facilities and infrastructure at the Child Special Guidance Institute do not become an obstacle to fulfilling the right to education for children, especially sports education. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the fulfillment of the right to education, especially Sports Education, is carried out well even though in its implementation it is still not optimal in fulfilling the Right to Education for Children in the Special Guidance for Children Institutions because there are several factors from internal and external factors.

Sanitary profile of children's institutions

The health care provider, who works directly in mass children's institutions, has to devote a lot of time and attention to the sanitary and hygienic supervision of the premises. The OZD doctor often simultaneously serves various types of children's institutions: preschool, school, closed orphanages, seasonal playgrounds, camps.

Харчова поведінка та характеристика харчуваннядітей дошкільного віку

According to modern ideas, nutrition at an early age not only ensures the normal functioning of all organs and systems, physical growth, psycho;emotional development and health of the child, but also forms a state of metabolism that determines health in the coming years. Purpose — to investigate the state of nutrition and peculiarities of eating behavior of preschool children. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of children's preschool institutions in Chernivtsi during 2019–2020. At the first stage, a survey of 109 children aged 4–6 years was conducted. The average daily nutrition was calculated using a computer program «ASCON-nutrition» with analysis of 38 ingredients and energy value. Results. It was found that 72 children (66.1%) were breastfed. The transition to artificial feeding before 3 months of age was registered in one third of children (32.1%); from 3 to 6 months — in another third of children (31.2%), 21.4% of mothers indicated early introduction of supplementary feeding, almost the same number — for late introduction of supplementary feeding. In 25.6% of cases the model of «clean plate» was registered, in 19.3% — the model «the more the better», in 10.1% — the model of «getting rid of negative feelings and physical pain», in 33.1% — model of «manipulation». The connection between the motivation of parents (r=0.67), especially mothers (r=0.79) to eat healthy food and the variety of taste preferences of their children was revealed. In most children, unbalanced diets were registered, which led to a deficiency of macro; and micronutrients (vitamins B1, B2, A, PP) and trace elements (iodine, calcium, iron, zinc). Deficiency of linolenic and linoleic acids and caloric content is noted. Conclusions. Disadaptive diets negatively affect taste habits and eating behavior, contribute to the development of deficiency of minerals and vitamins. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: nutrition of preschool children, eating behavior.

Здоров’я дівчаток, які постраждали внаслідок збройного конфлікту

Актуальність. Здоров’я дітей та підлітків є найбільш яскравим показником благополуччя нації, стану економічної та соціальної сфери. Тому особливо гостро на даний час стоїть питання щодо раннього виявлення і своєчасного лікування дівчаток з порушеннями статевого розвитку та розладами менструальної функції, особливо тих, які зазнали сильний психоемоційний вплив. Перебування людини в травматичній ситуації не обмежується розвитком психологічних наслідків, страждає також фізичне, соматичне, репродуктивне здоров’я. Все це вимагає комплексних і міждисциплінарних досліджень. Мета дослідження: вивчення особливостей фізичного, статевого розвитку та менструальної функції у дівчаток із зони військового конфлікту на сході країни, які знаходяться на лікуванні в ДУ «Інститут охорони здоров’я дітей та підлітків НАМН України». Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 192 дівчинки 7–17 років, які надійшли в різні відділення інституту. Проводились антропометричні дослідження за загальноприйнятими методиками з використанням центильних таблиць. Статевий розвиток визначався за інтенсивністю розвитку вторинних статевих ознак відповідно до класифікації J. Tanner. Оцінювалися час старту менструальної функції та особливості її становлення. Результати. Репродуктивний потенціал дівчаток із зони військового конфлікту має високий рівень відхилень, що виражається в погіршенні фізичного розвитку, розладах статевого дозрівання і порушеннях менструальної функції. Причому у дівчаток, які постраждали в результаті бойових дій на сході країни, він виглядає гірше, ніж у школярок з основної популяції. Виявлено особливості порушень фізичного, статевого розвитку та менструальної функції у дівчаток із зони безпосередньо збройного конфлікту, сірої зони і переселенців. Висновки. Вивчення і розуміння проблем дітей, які постраждали в результаті військового конфлікту, динамічна оцінка їх фізичного, статевого розвитку, становлення менструальної функції необхідні для розробки ефективних програм допомоги цим дітям. Це дасть можливість вчасно розпочати лікувальні заходи з відновлення репродуктивного потенціалу та попередити репродуктивні втрати в майбутньому.

Association of Care Environment With HIV Incidence and Death Among Orphaned, Separated, and Street-Connected Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya

In 2015, there were nearly 140 million orphaned children globally, particularly in low- and middle-income regions, and millions more for whom the street is central to their everyday lives. A total of 16.6 million children were orphaned because of deaths associated with HIV/AIDS, of whom 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Although most orphaned and separated children and adolescents in this region are cared for by extended family, the large number of children requiring care has produced a proliferation of institutional care. Few studies have investigated the association between care environment and physical health among orphaned and separated youths in sub-Saharan Africa. To examine the association of care environment with incident HIV and death among orphaned and separated children and adolescents who were living in charitable children's institutions, family-based settings, and street settings in western Kenya over almost 10 years. The Orphaned and Separated Children's Assessments Related to Their Health and Well-Being (OSCAR) project was an observational prospective cohort study conducted in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The cohort comprised 2551 orphaned, separated, and street-connected children from communities within 8 administrative locations, which included 300 randomly selected households (family-based settings) caring for children who were orphaned from all causes, 19 charitable children's institutions (institutional settings), and a convenience sample of 100 children who were practicing self-care on the streets (street settings). Participants were enrolled from May 31, 2010, to April 24, 2013, and were followed up until November 30, 2019. Care environment (family-based, institutional, or street setting). Survival regression models were used to investigate the association between care environment and incident HIV, death, and time to incident HIV or death. Among 2551 participants, 1230 youths were living in family-based settings, 1230 were living in institutional settings, and 91 were living in street settings. Overall, 1321 participants (51.8%) were male, with a mean (SD) age at baseline of 10.4 (4.8) years. Most participants who were living in institutional (1047 of 1230 youths [85.1%]) or street (71 of 91 youths [78.0%]) settings were double orphaned (ie, both parents had died). A total of 59 participants acquired HIV infection or died during the study period. After adjusting for sex, age, and baseline HIV status, living in a charitable children's institution was not associated with death (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-1.02) or incident HIV (AHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.46-4.83). Compared with living in a family-based setting, living in a street setting was associated with death (AHR, 5.46; 95% CI, 2.30-12.94), incident HIV (AHR, 17.31; 95% CI, 5.85-51.25), and time to incident HIV or death (AHR, 7.82; 95% CI, 3.48-17.55). In this study, after adjusting for potential confounders, no association was found between care environment and HIV incidence or death among youths living in institutional vs family-based settings. However, living in a street setting vs a family-based setting was associated with both HIV incidence and death. This study's findings suggest that strengthening of child protection systems and greater investment in evidence-based family support systems that improve child and adolescent health and prevent youth migration to the street are needed for safe and beneficial deinstitutionalization to be implemented at scale.

HISTORICAL CONDITIONS IN DESIGNING PRE-SCHOOL CENTERS, ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY AND UKRAINE

The article considers the peculiarities of the architectural organization of children's preschool institutions in European countries on the example of Germany and Ukraine in the 20th century. The study examines examples of architectural design of preschool institutions in the dense urban development of foreign cities, which are of particular importance for further solving of domestic problems of preschool institutions location in Ukrainian urban settlements. The considered projects demonstrate individual design decisions of kindergartens with revealing of regional features and local traditions of the countries which at the same time correspond to modern educational programs of these countries and reflect the advanced world tendencies in designing of children's preschool institutions.

The limits of the attachment network.

From the beginning, theories of attachment and caregiving have given rise to questions about minimum and maximum numbers of attachment figures. The child's tendency to direct attachment behavior to a specific figure rather than to whoever is nearby has led to the idea of monotropy, suggesting that a child would thrive best with one special attachment figure. From an evolutionary perspective kinship caregiving networks are more plausible as they would increase the chances of survival, and in hunter‐gatherer and agricultural communities paternal care and kinship networks providing care for young children were indeed common. A recent development in cultural evolution is the invention of organized day care and children's homes and institutions. Although the attachment network may increase in size with the child's cognitive development, research on institutionalized care demonstrates that high numbers of caregivers preclude secure attachments. The limiting factor to attachment networks may however not be the number of caregivers, but the opportunities for the child to learn contingencies in social relationships that have an attachment component.

Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers: Scientific Drivers for Informatics, Data Science, and Care in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer.

Cancer Informatics for Cancer Centers (CI4CC) is a grassroots, nonprofit 501c3 organization intended to provide a focused national forum for engagement of senior cancer informatics leaders, primarily aimed at academic cancer centers anywhere in the world but with a special emphasis on the 70 National Cancer Institute–funded cancer centers. This consortium has regularly held topic-focused biannual face-to-face symposiums. These meetings are a place to review cancer informatics and data science priorities and initiatives, providing a forum for discussion of the strategic and pragmatic issues that we faced at our respective institutions and cancer centers. Here, we provide meeting highlights from the latest CI4CC Symposium, which was delayed from its original April 2020 schedule because of the COVID-19 pandemic and held virtually over three days (September 24, October 1, and October 8) in the fall of 2020. In addition to the content presented, we found that holding this event virtually once a week for 6 hours was a great way to keep the kind of deep engagement that a face-to-face meeting engenders. This is the second such publication of CI4CC Symposium highlights, the first covering the meeting that took place in Napa, California, from October 14-16, 2019. We conclude with some thoughts about using data science to learn from every child with cancer, focusing on emerging activities of the National Cancer Institute's Childhood Cancer Data Initiative.

Evakuaciya sovetskih detej v Central'nyj Kazahstan v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny (1941—1945 gg.)

The article deals with the issues related to the evacuation of children from the front-line territories of the USSR to Central Kazakhstan: the path taken by children, their state of health, living conditions, nutrition. The authors of the article turn to the regional aspect in the coverage and analysis of evacuation problems. On the basis of archival documents, they try to restore the history of the daily life of evacuated children: living conditions in orphanages, food, medical care, working days, supply of industrial goods to children's institutions, etc.

Меры по защите детства в годы Великой Отечественной войны: из региональной истории.

The article is devoted to a topical scientific topic that has, first of all, social significance, which has not yet received special consideration in regional historiography - the topic of war childhood. Based on a large range of documentary materials and various sources, the support of children at the state level during the Great Patriotic War is considered on the example of one of the rear regions of the USSR - the Bashkir ASSR. Shows the adoption of legislative and regulatory acts on the protection of various categories of the child population and their implementation. Attention is drawn to the solution of the problem of child homelessness and neglect, aggravated in wartime conditions. The activity of power structures, public organizations of the republic to provide assistance to children and children's institutions, the existing difficulties and omissions are analyzed. A special place in the article is occupied by children's institutions that were evacuated in the republic from various regions of the Soviet country, including those with Spanish pupils. Introduction: The article examines the scientific topic of military childhood using a regional example. It should be noted that, in general, a lot has been done in the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War in Russian historiography: a large number of monographs, collections of articles, conference materials, documents and materials have been http://www.hist-edu.ru Историческая и социально-образовательная мысль. Toм 13 №3, 2021 Historical and Social-Educational Idea. Volume 13 #3, 2021 48 published. But this topic has not yet received special consideration. The same is typical for regional historiography. Methods: The content of the article is based on various research methods, first of all, on the method of historicism, a consistent presentation of the events of regional significance in close connection with all-Union events, which allows us to show the specific features of the development of these events in a given region. Methods of objectivity and scientificness were also applied, aimed at studying the main points of the topic in consistent dynamics, identifying objective information and facts. In the presentation of the article, the methods of comparative historical analysis, problem-chronological and logical ones were used. Results: The article is based on archival documents found in the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as on various sources such as materials from periodicals, local museums and memories of war children. This made it possible to consider the provision of assistance to children in a specific region of the Soviet country during the war years, to identify difficulties and miscalculations. The documentary materials and various sources used in the article made it possible to draw the appropriate conclusion: the support of childhood at the state level was contradictory, which was associated with objective reasons.