Children In Household Research Articles

KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM RUMAH TANGGA ANAK DI KELURAHAN GURAPING KECAMATAN OBA UTARA


 
 
 The purpose of this study was to determine the form of parental involvement in children's households in the Guraping Village, North Oba District, Tidore Islands City. The results of the study describe the habits of parents who do not understand their position in the midst of children's family life so that parents are not the arbiters between their children's disputes as husband and wife, but as unilateral decision- making that harms life between husband and wife in this case their children. The conclusion from this study is that parental involvement in children's households does not always have a positive impact on their children. In Islamic law the involvement of parents in a child's household is permissible as long as it does not contain elements of tyranny, mediating between children's disputes is not based on reasons of economic conflict. Parents must be a source of solutions for both.
 
 

Analisis Yuridis Dimensi Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Atas Pembatalan Nikah Untuk Meneguhkan Kepastian Hukum

This study aims to find out and analyze the implementation of legal responsibility for marriage annulment in Decision Number: 245/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Btm. To find out and analyze Decision Number: 245/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Btm regarding legal liability for marriage annulment by the Religious Courts to strengthen legal certainty. This study uses a descriptive analytical research type method using an empirical juridical approach. The results of the study show that the implementation of legal responsibility for marriage annulment in Decision Number: 245/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Btm did not run optimally because the Respondent never attended the trial process and the Panel of Judges made a decision by granting the Petitioner's request with verstek, and declaring null and void The marriage of the Petitioner and Respondent was held on September 19 2020 before the Marriage Registrar of the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). Analysis of Decision Number: 245/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Btm on legal responsibility for canceling marriages by the Religious Courts to confirm legal certainty, namely that the cancellation of marriages can be accounted for and realized to strengthen legal certainty. This is because the Petitioner in this case has fulfilled all the requirements specified for annulment of marriage. Apart from that, the annulment of the marriage which was granted by the Panel of Judges also provided a sense of justice for the Petitioner, who so far had the right to receive spiritual support but the Respondent as a married couple was unable to fulfill it. For this reason, it is recommended for couples who want to get married to be open to each other about each other's shortcomings. To parents to carefully consider every process of applying for an annulment of marriage, and try to maintain their children's household as best as possible and to the Panel of Judges to consider the decision as fair as possible and ensure the wishes of both parties

1360. Investigating Transmission Dynamics Between Pets and Caretakers in Households of Children with Methicillin-resistant S. aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Abstract Background Household pets are susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. Our objective was to examine transmission of S. aureus between pets and their caretakers following a human household decolonization intervention. Methods From 2015-2021, a pragmatic randomized trial enrolled 196 households of children with community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus skin and soft tissue infection. Mouth and dorsal fur samples from indoor dogs and cats were cultured. Human nares, axillae, and inguinal fold samples were cultured. Samples were collected at enrollment and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months post-intervention. Participants were asked about pet daycare use, whether pets slept with caretakers, and pet skin conditions. Univariate and bivariate analyses, including McNemar tests, were conducted. Inclusion criteria were cat or dogs with at least one swab pre- and post-intervention. Results Our populations included 95 households with 161 pets; 35 households (39%) had ≥1 pet colonized with S. aureus. Within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, 3 (2%) pets had attended daycare, 70 (44%) slept with a caretaker, and 16 (10%) had skin conditions (see Table 1). 27 (17%) pets were colonized at enrollment. Of the 121 dogs, 20 (17%) were colonized at enrollment, 9 (7%) with MRSA. Of the 40 cats, 7 (18%) were colonized at enrollment, and 4 (10%) were colonized with MRSA. 72 (45%) pets had ≥1 caretakers who were colonized at enrollment; 18 (25%) of these pets were also colonized. Of the 137 caretakers, 48 (35%) were colonized at enrollment, and 16 (12%) were colonized with MRSA. Whether a pet was colonized at enrollment was associated with colonization post-intervention (p< 0.001, see Table 2). All pets that were colonized at enrollment remained colonized post-intervention. Caretaker colonization at enrollment was associated with pet colonization post-intervention (p=0.04). Of the 72 pets whose caretakers were colonized at baseline, 36 (50%) pets were colonized post-intervention. Conclusion Both pet colonization and caretaker colonization at enrollment are significantly associated with pet colonization after human household member decolonization. This indicates that S. aureus may transmit from human caretakers to pets and human decolonization may not be fully protective against pet colonization. Disclosures Sara Malone, PhD, LCSW, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support.

Residential and preschool neighborhoods: Exploring patterns of socioeconomic match and its association with child skills across Massachusetts

The current study analyzed patterns of neighborhood socioeconomic match across 3- and 4-year-old children's (N = 2,029) residential and preschool neighborhoods in Massachusetts. Most children (80%) lived and attended early education and care in different neighborhoods. Children in households with the lowest incomes and those whose families identified as Black or African American were among the likeliest to have mismatched residential and preschool neighborhoods. Yet children's residential and preschool neighborhoods were typically socioeconomically similar across all categories we considered. Associations between residential and preschool neighborhood socioeconomic match and children's skills were inconsistent and depended on the socioeconomic status of children's residential neighborhood. These findings illustrate how the concept of demographic match can be applied to a range of contexts and contribute to the field's understanding of how the dynamic interplay of children's multiple day-to-day contexts may relate to early learning and development.

The ultra-processed food content of school meals and packed lunches in the UK, 2008–17: a pooled cross-sectional study

BackgroundBritish children have the highest ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Europe, concerning as UPF is linked to adverse health outcomes. Schools are a potential setting for intervention, yet the rate of UPFs consumed at schools is currently unknown. This study aimed to describe the UPF content of school food in the UK and to explore differences in UPF content by meal type (school meals and packed lunches [food from home]) and children's household income. MethodsWe performed a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 1895 primary school children (aged 4–11 years) and 1408 secondary school children (aged 11–18 years) using data from the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey (from Feb, 2008, to June, 2017). Student's meal type was recorded using food diaries. UPF intake was defined using the NOVA food classification system. Income was measured through interview. We used quantile regression models to assess the association between meal type and lunchtime UPF intake (by both the percentage of calories and weight). We stratified models by school phase (primary or secondary) and interacted meal type with income. FindingsThe majority of schoolchildren's lunch was defined as UPFs, with secondary school children having higher median intakes of UPFs than primary school children (78% kcal [IQR 58–95] vs 73% kcal [55–86). School meals were associated with a lower median UPF intake than packed lunches for primary school children (61% kcal [IQR 44–75] vs 81% kcal [71–91]) and for secondary school children (70% kcal [IQR 48–89] vs 84% kcal [65–99]). Results were similar when UPFs were analysed as a percentage of the total weight of lunch. Overall, income was inversely associated with UPF lunch content. However, in primary school children, there was no significant association between percentage of UPF content of school meals by weight. InterpretationIn the first nationally representative study, we showed that UK school children have a high intake of UPFs at lunch. UPF intake was increased in children who consumed packed lunches, secondary school children, and children of a lower income. School meal procurement policies must be re-evaluated to protect children from high UPF intake. FundingThis study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research.

The ultra-processed food content of school meals and packed lunches in the United Kingdom (2008-2017)

Abstract Background British children have the highest ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Europe, which is linked to adverse health outcomes. Schools are posited as a setting for dietary intervention, yet the level of UPFs consumed at schools is currently unknown. This study aimed to describe the UPF content of school food in the UK, explore the UPF content of school meals and packed lunches (food from home) and examine whether UPF differs by children's household income. Methods A pooled cross-sectional analysis of primary (4-11 years, n = 1,895) and secondary schoolchildren (11-18 years, n = 1,408) from the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2017) was conducted. Food diaries recorded student's meal-type (school meal/packed lunch). UPF intake was defined using the NOVA food classification system. Quantile regression models assessed the association between meal-type and lunchtime UPF intake (%kcal and % grams). Models were stratified by school phase (primary/secondary) and interacted meal-type with income. Results Schoolchildren consumed most of their lunch as UPF, with higher median intakes in secondary schoolchildren than primary schoolchildren (77.8 %kcal vs 72.6 %kcal). School meals were associated with lower median UPF intake (%kcal) in both primary (-20 percentage-points[pp] [95% CI -22.2, -17.4]) and secondary schoolchildren (-11pp [-16.0,-7.0]) compared with packed lunches. Results were similar when UPF %g was analysed. Overall, income was inversely associated with UPF content. However, in primary schoolchildren there was no significant income gradient in the UPF(%g) content of school meals. Conclusions In the first nationally representative study, we showed that on average UPF intake was high in all UK schoolchildren. Higher UPF intakes were observed in packed lunch consumers, secondary schoolchildren, and those with a lower income. Procurement policies must be revaluated to protect children from high UPF intake. Funders: NIHR School for Public Health Research Key messages • In the first study of ultra-processed food content of UK school food, we show that children consumed around three quarters of their energy as ultra-processed food at lunch. • Children who were older, took food from home or were from a low-income household were more likely to consume higher levels of ultra-processed food. Regulation is needed to protect these children.

Intergenerational Income and Religiosity: A Longitudinal Study of Agricultural Household in Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze the influence of religiosity and socio-economic determinant factors to income relationship between inter-generationsof farmers and their children. Data related to farmers (parents) were collected from (Indonesia Family Live Survey) IFLS-93, while data related to farmers' children was obtained by tracing in IFLS-2014. The 21-year interval is supposed to be sufficient time to grasp developments between generations. The results revealed that farmer children's households have better economic potential than that of their parents. Comparing to the poor farming households, the percentage of the poor generation is higher than non-poor farmer households. The income of parents (farmers) and the education of farmers' children are factors that play an important role in increasing the income of farmers' children, having strong (robust) and significant positive effect. Another variable that has positive significant effect is agricultural land ownership, while age, household burden, working in agriculture, and religiosity-religion have negative significant effects. Implementation of religiosity activities should be encouraging productivity and prosperity of life in accordance with the guidelines and rules in Islam.

Childhood abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and juvenile recidivism: The mediating role of social bonds

PurposeThough prior research has found a connection between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and offending, only a few studies have investigated potential mediators that may help explain these effects. The current study builds upon childhood abuse research that has found social bonds to be a mediator between childhood maltreatment and offending and examines the extent to which social bonds represent an intervening variable between ACEs and recidivism.Methods: Using a sample of first-time adjudicated youth and an expanded measure of social bonds, a structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis of the ACEs → social bonds → juvenile recidivism relationship was conducted. ResultsThe models revealed partial support for mediation- the indirect effect of ACEs on recidivism via social bonds was marginally significant. Further, it was found that 32% of the total effect of ACEs on recidivism operated through a youth's social bonds. ConclusionsThese findings highlight one potential mechanism of the ACE-offending relationship and further implications of this indirect relationship are discussed.

34699 Early life socioeconomic factors that influence specialty choice and USMLE test performance in United States medical residents: A single institution cross-sectional survey study

Studies show that minorities are underrepresented in high-paying subspecialties. Additional study is needed to further examine the extent to which early life socioeconomic background influences US physicians’ academic performance and medical specialty choice. We distributed a Qualtrics survey to all house-staff at Saint Louis University (approximately 600 physicians) and to other dermatology programs through a national Dermatology Program Directors Listserv. Survey respondents were asked about their demographics, family socioeconomic status, medical specialty, United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 scores, and amount of debt from loans. The medical specialties were grouped into 3 categories based on level of competitiveness according to 2020 NMRP applicant match data: least competitive with average Step 1 scores of 220-229, medium competitive with scores of 230-239, and highly competitive with scores of >240. Respondents were also stratified into low, medium, and high-risk groups based on having certain risk factors, including being female, nonwhite, non-Asian, foreign-born, and having a childhood household income <$50,000. Univariate analysis was performed. Average Step 1 scores were higher in respondents in the low-risk group (238) compared with respondents in high-risk groups (210), P = .016. More respondents in the low-risk group matched into competitive versus noncompetitive specialties (42% versus 35%), and more respondents in the medium risk group matched into noncompetitive versus competitive specialties (65% versus 55%). This study demonstrates that early life socioeconomic factors influence academic performance and specialty choice. The study is limited because it does not capture the personal preferences that factor into specialty choice.

Chiefly Patronage and Schooling

In developing countries, indigenous chiefly systems can be a main driver of patronage, potentially hampering development. This paper explores how chiefly patronage shapes people’s incentives for schooling in Fiji. I develop a model to show how chiefly status can influence a household's child schooling decision, depending on whether the patronage operates in labor markets. I employ a triple-difference approach by combining the novel direct measures of chieftaincy from my original survey data with 1970 independence and 1987 coups as natural experiments, and gender. I show that indigenous chieftaincy interacted with British colonial rule to affect employment, and thus schooling, after independence for males but not females in chiefly networks. After this patronage weakened under post-coup reforms, males in the networks temporarily increased secondary schooling to compensate for their weakened advantage. The majority of male Fijians outside the networks were less encouraged to make schooling investments over time. As such, chiefly patronage persistently distorted male secondary schooling, thereby augmenting the outperformance of female education.

Adverse and Benevolent Childhood Experiences Predict Prenatal Sleep Quality.

The objective of the study was to investigate whether adverse and benevolent childhood experiences were associated with trajectories of sleep quality throughout pregnancy. The study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology clinics in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA. The participants of the study were pregnant individuals (N = 164). Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at three gestational time points, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) were assessed once. Multilevel models were conducted to examine the trajectory of sleep quality across gestation in relation to ACEs and BCEs. Sleep quality was similar in early to mid-pregnancy, with a worsening of sleep quality late in pregnancy, following a quadratic trajectory. Higher levels of ACEs predicted poorer prenatal sleep quality (b = 0.36, SE = 0.13, p = .004) throughout pregnancy, while higher levels of BCEs predicted better sleep quality (b = -0.60, SE = 0.17, p < .001) throughout pregnancy. Examination of ACEs subtypes revealed that childhood maltreatment predicted poor sleep quality (b = 0.66, SE = 0.18, p < .001), while childhood household dysfunction was not significantly associated (b = 0.33, SE = 0.21, p = .11). Associations remained after covarying for socioeconomic status and current stressful life events. Both adverse and benevolent childhood experiences predict sleep health during pregnancy. Prevention and intervention strategies targeting resilience and sleep quality during pregnancy should be implemented to promote prenatal health and well-being.

Mother's and children's ADHD genetic risk, household chaos and children's ADHD symptoms: A gene-environment correlation study.

Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. This study investigated whether children in chaotic households had more ADHD symptoms, if mothers and children with higher ADHD genetic risk lived in more chaotic households, and the joint association of genetic risk and household chaos on the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms across childhood. Participants were mothers and children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative birth cohort of 2,232 twins. Children's ADHD symptoms were assessed at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12 years. Household chaos was rated by research workers at ages 7, 10 and 12, and by mother's and twin's self-report at age 12. Genome-wide ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for mothers (n = 880) and twins (n = 1,999); of these, n = 871 mothers and n = 1,925 children had information on children's ADHD and household chaos. Children in more chaotic households had higher ADHD symptoms. Mothers and children with higher ADHD PRS lived in more chaotic households. Children's ADHD PRS was associated with household chaos over and above mother's PRS, suggesting evocative gene-environment correlation. Children in more chaotic households had higher baseline ADHD symptoms and a slower rate of decline in symptoms. However, sensitivity analyses estimated that gene-environment correlation accounted for a large proportion of the association of household chaos on ADHD symptoms. Children's ADHD genetic risk was independently associated with higher levels of household chaos, emphasising the active role of children in shaping their home environment. Our findings suggest that household chaos partly reflects children's genetic risk for ADHD, calling into question whether household chaos directly influences children's core ADHD symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of considering parent and child genetic risk in relation to apparent environmental exposures.

Inequality in health opportunities in Indonesia: long-term influence of early-life circumstances on health

BackgroundThis study explores inequality of opportunity in terms of the health of adult Indonesian people, associated with household and parental circumstances in childhood and adolescence.MethodsExploiting the longitudinal nature of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, this study measures inequalities relating to being underweight, overweight, hypertensive and diabetic across adult Indonesians aged between 20 and 35 through the dissimilarity index. This study explores their determinants by decomposing the observed inequality levels into contributing factors. Moreover, this study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms through which early-life circumstances influence the health of grown-up respondents, by estimating the intermediate effects of early-life circumstances on current lifestyles.ResultsFor all health conditions, health risks are unequally distributed (all p<0.01). Demographic factors and parental health are major contributors to inequalities relating to being underweight, overweight and hypertensive. Family structure and parental occupation are major contributors to inequality in diabetes. The greater part of this inequality is explained by the indirect pathways through which early-life circumstances mediate current diet and exercise habits.ConclusionsThe results suggest that such interventions that compensate for disadvantaged early-life circumstances would be essential in reducing future health risks and mitigating health inequality.

The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Life Skills and Cortisol in the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents With Childhood Household Dysfunction.

BackgroundVarious studies show that sleep quality, life skills, and cortisol are associated with depressive symptoms, separately. However, the relationships between sleep quality, life skills, cortisol, and depressive symptoms remain unclear. Thus, this study aims to examine the mediating or moderating roles of life skills and cortisol in the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was performed among 212 adolescents with childhood household dysfunction (CHD) from August to October 2020 in China. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Secondary School Student Life Skills Rating Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to measure sleep quality, life skills, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Additionally, 65 participants provided blood samples to assess their blood cortisol levels. Analyses included correlations, regressions, and structural equation models. Bootstrapping was performed to examine the mediation effect. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the moderation effect.ResultsThe results showed that sleep quality and life skills were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). Life skills mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Cortisol moderated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms.ConclusionOur findings support potential mediating and moderating roles of life skills and cortisol in the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms, which suggests improving sleep quality, life skills are of great significance in the prevention and intervention of depression in adolescents with CHD, and disseminating knowledge about the high risk of developing increased depressive symptoms among adolescents with CHD with higher cortisol levels is indicated.

Childhood asthma and household exposures to nitrogen dioxide and fine particles: a triple-crossover randomized intervention trial

Objective Triple-crossover randomized controlled intervention trial to test whether reduced exposure to household NO2 or fine particles results in reduced symptoms among children with persistent asthma. Methods Children (n = 126) aged 5–11 years with persistent asthma living in homes with gas stoves and levels of NO2 15 ppb or greater recruited in Connecticut and Massachusetts (2015–2019) participated in an intervention involving three air cleaners configured for: (1) NO2 reduction: sham particle filtration and real NO2 scrubbing; (2) particle filtration: HEPA filter and sham NO2 scrubbing; (3) control: sham particle filtration and sham NO2 scrubbing. Air cleaners were randomly assigned for 5-week treatment periods using a three-arm crossover design. Outcome was number of asthma symptom-days during final 14 days of treatment. Treatment effects were assessed using repeated measures, linear mixed models. Results Measured NO2 was lower (by 4 ppb, p < .0001) for NO2-reducing compared to control or particle-reducing treatments. NO2-reducing treatment did not reduce asthma morbidity compared to control. In analysis controlling for measured NO2, there were 1.8 (95% CI −0.3 to 3.9, p = .10) fewer symptom days out of 14 in the particle-reducing treatment compared to control. Conclusions It remains unknown if using an air cleaner alone can achieve levels of NO2 reduction large enough to observe reductions in asthma symptoms. We observed that in small, urban homes with gas stoves, modest reductions in asthma symptoms occurred using air cleaners that remove fine particles. An intervention targeting exposures to both NO2 and fine particles is complicated and further research is warranted. Registration Number NCT02258893.

Maternal parenting stress from birth to 36months, maternal depressive symptoms, and physical punishment to 10-year-old children: a population-based birth cohort study.

This study aimed to investigate the association between parenting stress, maternal depressive symptoms, and use of physical punishment when the child is 10years old. Data from the Tokyo Early Adolescence Survey on early adolescents and primary caregivers (N = 4478) were used. Frequency of using physical punishment, level of depressive symptoms (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 6), and maternal parenting stress experienced at 1, 3, 9, 18, and 36months after birth were evaluated. Multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Mothers (1633) who provided information on parenting stress at all the five points were included for the analysis. After controlling for the child's age, sex, birth weight, maternal age, and annual household income, presence of maternal parenting stress at every time point, except at three months after birth, was significantly associated with an increased risk of using physical punishment with the 10-year-old. After adjusting for levels of depressive symptoms, significant associations were found between use of physical punishment and maternal parenting stress at 1month (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.12-2.61) and 36months (adjusted OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.10-2.61) after birth. Maternal parenting stress experienced at 1 and 36months after birth predicted use of physical punishment, even after adjusting for maternal depressive symptoms. Maternal support should, therefore, be provided to mothers to cope with parenting stress even three years after birth to prevent the use of physical punishment in early adolescence.

Adverse childhood experiences and disordered eating among middle-aged adults: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood abuse, neglect, and household substance abuse. Childhood abuse is a risk factor for disordered eating (DEB). Less well established are associations of childhood neglect and household substance abuse with DEB, and little research has examined ACE associations with DEB in middle adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine associations between ACEs and DEBs among middle-aged adults and examine sex differences. ACEs prior to age 18 were retrospectively assessed in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study in 2000–2001 (N = 3340, ages 32 to 46). DEB outcomes (i.e., concerns about weight and shape, anxiety about eating or food, unhealthy weight control behaviors, chronic dieting, overeating, and binge eating) were assessed in 1995–1996 (ages 27 to 41). Modified Poisson regressions estimated risk ratios (RRs) for associations of a history of any ACE, each ACE, and cumulative ACEs with DEB outcomes. Among women, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were each modestly associated with most DEBs (RRs = 1.21–1.35, 1.21–1.45, and 1.23–1.41 across DEBs, respectively) after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, BMI, and depressive symptoms. A cumulative ACE score was associated with all DEBs in a stepwise manner (p for trend ≤0.05) except concerns about weight and shape and overeating. Among men, emotional abuse was most consistently related to the majority of DEBs (RRs = 1.23–1.92); household substance abuse was modestly associated with overeating (RR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04–1.53). ACEs were cumulatively associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors, overeating, and binge eating (p for trend <0.01).

Rancang Bangun Customer Relationship Management(CRM) Dalam Penjualan Berbasis E-Commerce

The development of the business world has entered a new era, where there are more and more new companies and competing companies in the service, trade, and manufacturing sectors. The higher the level of customer education, the customer will indirectly become critical and careful in making their choices. In a situation like this, the company must not only rely on the products it produces, but the company must also establish good relationships with each of its loyal customers so that customers will be loyal to the company. Umi Nala Shop Aneka Serbu is engaged in sales such as selling children's toys, household appliances and various types of gifts. The problems that occur at Umi Nala Shop Aneka Serbu are, the sales process at Umi Nala Shop Aneka Serbu is still doing conventional sales, there are no facilities that help customers to get information, submit an assessment of the product and also experience difficulties in processing and storing customer data. who have made buying and selling transactions, there is no facility for customers to submit complaints or product evaluations. This study utilizes CRM features that aim to help the service system at Umi Nala Shop Aneka Serbu to attract new customers and retain old customers and expand the sales system. This application is made using the PHP programming language and MySQL as the database server. With this system, it is hoped that the system of marketing, sales, service and utilization of Customer Relationship Management will have a positive influence on customer loyalty so that customers remain loyal to Umi Nala Shop Aneka Serbu

SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in a pediatric cohort of unvaccinated children in Mérida, Yucatán, México.

The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in children during the global COVID-19 pandemic has been underestimated due to lack of testing and the relatively mild symptoms in adolescents. Understanding the exposure rates in the pediatric population is essential as children are the last to receive vaccines and can act as a source for SARS-CoV-2 mutants that may threaten vaccine escape. This cross-sectional study aims to quantify the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies in children in a major city in México in the Spring of 2021 and determine if there are any demographic or socioeconomic correlating factors. We obtained socioeconomic information and blood samples from 1,005 children from 50 neighborhood clusters in Mérida, Yucatán, México. We then tested the sera of these participants for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies using lateral flow immunochromatography. We found that 25.5% of children in our cohort were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and there was no correlation between age and antibody prevalence. Children that lived with large families were statistically more likely to have antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Spatial analyses identified two hotspots of high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the west of the city. These results indicate that a large urban population of unvaccinated children has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and that a major correlating factor was the number of people within the child's household with a minor correlation with particular geographical hotspots. There is also a larger population of children that may be susceptible to future infection upon easing of social distancing measures. These findings suggest that in future pandemic scenarios, limited public health resources can be best utilized on children living in large households in urban areas.

Estimating the Association Between Exposome and Psychosis as Well as General Psychopathology: Results From the ABCD Study

BackgroundThe exposome comprises all nongenetic factors an individual is exposed to across their lifespan. Research suggests that exposomic vulnerability for schizophrenia is associated not only with psychosis but also, to a degree, with general psychopathology. Here, we investigated to what degree exposome factors are associated with psychosis and general psychopathology. MethodsData were retrieved from the 1-year follow-up assessment of a large U.S. adolescent sample (n = 11,235), the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Iterative factor analyses of environmental exposures (n = 798) allowed calculation of 6 exposome factors: household adversity, neighborhood environment, day-to-day experiences, state-level environment, family values, pregnancy/birth complications. Bifactor modeling of clinical symptoms (n = 93) allowed calculation of a general psychopathology factor (p-factor) and 6 subdomains, including a psychosis subdomain. We applied linear regression analyses to estimate the association of exposome factors with the p-factor and psychosis subdomain, respectively. ResultsIndividual analyses showed that 5 exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor after multiple-comparison correction. In the mutually adjusted model, all exposome factors were significantly associated with the p-factor. Psychosis was particularly associated with 3 exposome factors, with the mutually adjusted model yielding the following results: household adversity (β = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07), day-to-day experiences (β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12), and pregnancy/birth complications (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05). ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that multifaceted environmental background is associated with mental disorders. Psychosis was particularly associated with prenatal, perinatal, and childhood (household and school) adversities, although these exposome domains were also associated with psychopathology. The exposome approach can help understand neurodevelopmental psychopathology.