Abstract Background Celiac disease primarily affects small intestine and occurs as an immune-based reaction to dietary gluten in wheat, barley and rye. There has been a significant increase in prevalence and an increase in diagnosis rate due to diagnostic tests improvements. Celiac disease can present with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal abnormalities, but also many individuals may have no symptoms at all. Early diagnosis of celiac disease is essential, because untreated disorder may result in serious complications. The aim of this study was to detect celiac disease in asymptomatic school-aged children and to determine prevalence rate. Methods Cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2000 children in school year 2018/2019 in school health service. The sample comprised 15.8% of elementary school first grade population in City of Zagreb, aged 6-7 years. SimtomaX in-vitro rapid screening test was used to detect IgA and IgG deamidated gliadin peptide and/or IgA deficiency. Children with positive tests were referred to clinical diagnostic. Data were analysed by descriptive statistic. Results The study comprised 1404 children (51% girls, response rate 70%). Positive result was found in 5.6% children (42 girls and 37 boys). Up to now, celiac disease was confirmed with duodenal biopsy in 0.5% asymptomatic children (3 girls, 4 boys). Conclusions The results of the study showed prevalence of celiac disease of 0.5% in asymptomatic first grade school children. Children diagnosed with celiac disease require gluten-free diet and follow-up of gastroenterologist, nutritionist and school doctor. The results of the study will be used to raise the awareness and encourage more active search for celiac disease among asymptomatic school children. Key messages Recognition of celiac disease in asymptomatic children reduces risk of complications. Adequate diet for individuals with celiac disease should be ensured from kindergarten through school time.