Childlike Behavior Research Articles

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From Devil's Music to Artistic Expression. The Korpela Movement, Black Metal, and Cultural PolicyThis text explores Korpelarörelsen, a Black Metal band that presents an audiovisual performance depicting a religious movement in Tornedalen during the early 20th century. In 2020 they received prolific funding from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee to conceive, rehearse and tour with the band. The article describes the band's unique portrayal of local history through the use of black metal music, while also discussing the boundaries between art and music, its implications for arts funding and the Black Metal genre's position in cultural hierarchies. The study draws on interviews, concert observations, and analysis of applications and documents outlining the funding decision from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee. The historic religious Korpela movement has been described as a doomsday cult, which believed that practicing music and dance, extrovert “childlike behavior” and even nudity and free sex, was the path to salvation. The band Korpelarörelsen depicts this through raw Black Metal, atmospheric elements, spoken word passages, and peculiar onstage-rituals. Visual aesthetics, including black robes, corpse paint, and blood-like smears, contributed to the atmosphere of mystique, darkness, and death. Korpelarörelsen’s application for cultural funding strategically positioned the project as a collaboration between various art forms and emphasized the interaction between Black Metal aesthetics and music industry methods. Korpelarörelsen's innovative approach and funding success might offer possibilities for extreme music within culturally funded systems. This case study demonstrates how a Black Metal band from Tornedalen could potentially have cultural and political impact and pave the way for other extreme music groups seeking recognition and support.

Generalized description and referential meaning of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice

The article discusses the issues regarding the essence of what the reality referring to typical childlike situations similar to sacrifice, and the ways the names and descriptions of behavior types differ from these types as per se. The description of lexical meanings via the semantic metalanguage and the description of typical linguistic and other cultural forms based on prototypes do not contradict each other, since they solve different problems. Consequently, generic descriptions of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice are lexical meanings of the short names of typical situations, constructed in metalanguage on the basis of an intuitive understanding of their similarity, existing as artefacts of text analysis, while the typical situations and forms of childlike behavior comparable to sacrifice are real-life objective forms of behavioral situations and biological, cultural and social predispositions to certain typical forms of behavior.

Enfermedad de Moyamoya: Cefalea crónica y demencia progresiva asociadas a infartos cerebrales múltiples

Se reporta el caso de un paciente de 32 años de edad que desde los 17 y hasta la actualidad, ha experimentado cefaleas constrictivas de minutos de duración, desencadenadas por actividad o esfuerzos físicos. En los últimos siete años ha presentado progresiva declinación cognitiva y cambios acentuados de personalidad con creciente dependencia para el desarrollo de actividades elementales. A los 27 años desarrolló hemiplejía izquierda total con recuperación completa en dos semanas. Muestra asimismo episodios de estado confusional severo y conducta infantil. Los exámenes de laboratorio descartaron cardiopatía, ateroesclerosis y enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas en el paciente. Estudios neuroimagenológicos del cerebro (TAC, Angio - TEM y RM cerebralcontrastada) pusieron en evidencia seis infartos cerebrales, en estadios subagudos y crónicos , severa estenosis de las arterias cerebrales anteriores y presencia de un microaneurisma en el segmento M de la arteria cerebral media izquierda. Una limitación del presente reporte es la ausencia de estudios con angiografía digital, debida a dificultades económicas. En conclusión, el caso corresponde a un paciente con cefalea crónica asociada a demencia progresiva, en el que estudios de neuroimágenes y pruebas neuropsicológicas sustentan el diagnóstico de deterioro cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad de Moyamoya.

“He acted like a crazy person”: Exploring the influence of college students’ recall of stereotypic media representations of mental illness.

Nearly half of all U.S. adults will be diagnosed with a mental illness at some point in their developmental trajectory, and college students may be particularly vulnerable to experience mental distress. Despite its prevalence, public perception about mental illness remains obscured by misinformation and social stigma. Scholars have long recognized the role that mass media play in cultivating and perpetuating this stigma. The purpose of this study was to survey college students (N = 359) to explore how mass media prime stereotypic conceptions about mental illness and subsequently influence the mechanisms of social stigma. Results indicated that media use predicted higher estimates of the prevalence of mental illness. Participants’ descriptions of mentally ill media characters were characterized by stereotypic attributes including violent behaviors, angry outbursts, childlike behaviors, and severe symptomatology. Recall of stereotypic depictions of mental illness predicted discomfort around people with mental illness, but those participants who defined mental illness using severe symptomatology were more willing to communicate concerns about mental illness. These findings illuminate why it is necessary to assess how audiences perceive media representations of mental illness in order to understand the mechanisms through which mass media shape public perception about mental illness.

Living with and caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease in nursing homes.

Many of the patients with Alzheimer disease are taken care of in nursing homes. However the literature on the experiences of Iranian formal caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer disease is scarce. This qualitative study explored the caring experiences of formal caregivers in nursing homes that can improve the quality of care and patient's quality of life. This qualitative study used the principles of descriptive content analysis to analyze these data. Our participants included 11 female and 3 male caregivers aged 25 to 38 years who were selected for interviewing based on a purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed with a content analysis method. Nearly 900 initial codes were extracted and categorized into 6 main themes including "managing difficult behaviors", "dependence on familial care", "continuum of different feelings", "care for a child", "living with the patients" and "not understanding the patients", which was further analyzed in the two subcategories "caring without enough information" and " a dead man moving". conclusion: The care provided by our informants was mainly influenced by attitudes, culture and religious beliefs of caregivers about family attachment and ample driven reward of helping and caring frail or old people in Islam. These cultural and religious beliefs could facilitate provision of care and confrontation with patients' child-like behaviors. It is suggested that employment of trained staff and plans for their continued education can improve the quality of care and the quality of the patient's life.

Severe Anxiety and Frontal Cognitive Dysfunction Heralding a Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Corticobasal Overlap Syndrome (P07.190)

Objective: To describe the evolution of behavioral, cognitive, and motor symptoms and ancillary testing in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy-corticobasal overlap syndrome. Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration have genetic and pathologic similarities, but different phenotypes. Occasionally, the clinical diagnosis between PSP and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is blurred, and patients are felt to have an overlap syndrome. In such cases, less is known about the spectrum of behavioral and cognitive features that can be seen, especially those preceeding the movement symptoms. Design/Methods: We review the clinical evolution, brain MRI and brain PET scans and videotaped examination findings in this case. Results: This patient is a 76-year-old woman who developed severe and constant anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features including strict rule-bound activities for herself and family, self-harm threats if separated from her spouse, mental rigidity, and bizarre and time-consuming rituals. This was followed by impaired problem solving and perspective-taking, childlike behavior, and pathological laughing and crying. One and a half years later, she developed repeated falls, slow and soft speech, largely symmetric bradykinesia, and axial symptoms of neck rigidity and worsened postural instability, but only slightly slowed downward saccades. Subsequently, right-sided predominant rigidity, myoclonus, and mild apraxia developed. Brain MRI at 3 months and brain PET at 1 year after motor onset, revealed left-sided predominant parietal, medial prefrontal, and anterior temporal mild atrophy and hypometabolism, respectively. Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features were somewhat responsive to sertraline and behavioral strategies were also employed. Conclusions: Severe anxiety with frontal cognitive symptoms may preceed a PSP-CBS overlap disorder but often go unrecognized, yet may respond to pharmacotherapy and family education. This symptom cluster requires additional study to determine its abillty early on to predict PSP-CBS syndromes. Disclosure: Dr. Smyth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Riley has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Ipsen, Lundbeck, Merz and Teva as a consultant.Dr. Riley has received research support from Cleveland Medical Devices. Dr. Lerner has nothing to disclose.

P03-77 - Treatment of ADHD secondary to traumatic brain injury

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder secondary to traumatic brain injury (ADHD/TBI) is one of the most common neurobehavioral consequences of TBI, occurring in 20% to 50% of individuals post-injury. Some of the most persistent problems include impairment in memory, attention and concentration, language, executive skills, social judgment, social behavior, and impulsiveness.A female patient is presented with TBI and cognitive symptoms and behavior compatible with ADHD. The treatment with methylphenidate was useful for the behavioral problems. The 23 years old woman suffered 3 years earlier a car accident, causing severe TBI and polytrauma. She was in a coma with a CGS of 4 and 41 days in the intensive care unit. She received rehabilitation and continued to suffer from diplopia and posture alteration, semantic paraphasia, child-like behavior, and neuropsychological problems (reading comprehension, slow mental processing, inhibition control deficit, and memory loss).During her visits to my MHC, she was often euphoric and made inappropriate comments and occasionally became angry. She did not have psychiatric antecedents prior to the TBI. Scales were used to diagnose post-traumatic ADHD. The patient was then treated with methylphenidate. After titration, the dosage reached was 0,3 mg/kg. After 4 months, the child-like behavior disappeared and interpersonal relations became more fluid, with less irritability.Stimulants have frequently been used in the treatment of behavioral and cognitive consequences of TBI in both children and adults. This clinical case demonstrates that the use of methylphenidate is favored for an extended period of time in patients suffering from behavioral and emotional consequences of TBI.

Violências sexuais: incesto, estupro e negligência familiar

Este artigo discute os desafios envolvidos na assistência em Terapia Familiar Psicanalítica de uma mulher de 41 anos, vítima de incesto dos sete aos 12 anos, seguido de duas situações de estupro, que implicaram em um aborto e no nascimento de uma menina, com sete anos na ocasião do estudo. Apresentou-se infantilizada, dependente, sem autonomia, com diagnóstico de borderline. Em nenhum momento, encontrou na mãe alguma forma de apoio. Pais, em conluio perverso e abusivo, causam danos lesivos à constituição psíquica de seus filhos, cujas vidas ficam destroçadas, e levam a pensar que eles próprios tenham tido seus psiquismos danificados, marcados por vivências impensáveis, revertidas em segredos. Transformar e reparar são os objetivos de toda Terapia Familiar Psicanalítica e, nestes casos, os desafios são imensos, pois, entre as várias conseqüências clínicas de tal situação, há um ódio exacerbado à realidade, intensas vivências persecutórias e a reedição transferencial da dinâmica familiar no enquadre terapêutico.

A Model for Management of Behavioral Symptoms in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a neurologic condition that manifests profound behavioral, personality, and language symptoms. These changes, often unique to each person, may include social misconduct, eating disturbances, apathy, emotional blunting, childlike behavior, habits and rituals, executive dysfunction, and marked difficulty with speech and language. These symptoms occur as the result of cell loss in discrete areas of the brain, the frontal and/or anterior temporal lobes. Little is known about effective management of the behavioral symptoms that result from this disease. The purpose of this paper is to describe a model that could be used in the assessment and potential management of frontotemporal lobar degeneration behavioral symptoms. Suggestions for interventions are given for some of the more common FTD behaviors. The impact of behavioral symptoms on the family caregiver is discussed along with strategies for supportive services and recommendations for future study.

The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum — insights from the clinic

A central aspect of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is the dysregulation of affect that occurs when lesions involve the 'limbic cerebellum' (vermis and fastigial nucleus). In this case series we describe neuropsychiatric disturbances in adults and children with congenital lesions including cerebellar agenesis, dysplasia, and hypoplasia, and acquired conditions including cerebellar stroke, tumor, cerebellitis, trauma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The behaviors that we witnessed and that were described by patients and families included distractibility and hyperactivity, impulsiveness, disinhibition, anxiety, ritualistic and stereotypical behaviors, illogical thought and lack of empathy, as well as aggression and irritability. Ruminative and obsessive behaviors, dysphoria and depression, tactile defensiveness and sensory overload, apathy, childlike behavior, and inability to appreciate social boundaries and assign ulterior motives were also evident. We grouped these disparate neurobehavioral profiles into five major domains, characterized broadly as disorders of attentional control, emotional control, and social skill set as well as autism spectrum disorders, and psychosis spectrum disorders. Drawing on our dysmetria of thought hypothesis, we conceptualized the symptom complexes within each putative domain as reflecting either exaggeration (overshoot, hypermetria) or diminution (hypotonia, or hypometria) of responses to the internal or external environment. Some patients fluctuated between these two states. We consider the implications of these neurobehavioral observations for the care of patients with ataxia, discuss the broader role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of these neuropsychiatric symptoms, and revisit the possibility of using cerebellar stimulation to treat psychiatric disorders by enhancing cerebellar modulation of cognition and emotion.

ASSESSING THE CUTENESS OF CHILDREN: SIGNIFICANT FACTORS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

A newly developed questionnaire revealed that there are four factors in adults' perception of children's cuteness: childlike behavior, children's imitation of adults, adults' protective feeling toward children, and children's physical attributes. Eighty-four childless undergraduates and 72 adults with at least one child watched a film of a five-year-old boy and girl dressed either in boyish clothes or girlish, and then assessed their cuteness using the questionnaire. The results showed that participants rated equally their feeling of children's cuteness regardless of having or not having their own children. Among the four factors of cuteness, childlike behavior seemed to operate most strongly.

'What's Love Got To Do With It?' - 'It's Not Like They're Your Friends for Christ's Sake': The Complicated Relationship Between Lawyer and Client

Should lawyers love their clients and try to be their friends? Highly regarded legal scholars have defended the analogy in the past, although usually on the basis of a more contractual understanding of friendship than the understanding currently in vogue. These past efforts were widely criticized on a variety of grounds, and after a period of debate, support for the analogy appeared to wane. That is until recently, when other scholars, looking at the topic from a more religious perspective, have asserted a refined version of the friendship analogy as the proper model for lawyer-client relations. It is this rejuvenated love-and-friendship view that I examine in this article, to consider whether, after all these years, there is now good reason to believe that lawyers should be thought of as their clients' friends. I argue that an adequate conception of lawyer-client relations cannot be grounded in an analogy to intimate personal relationships. Self-conscious attempts by lawyers to behave as friends can come across as insincere (as they often will be, although not malevolently so), condescending, and arrogant. They also can provoke self-demeaning and childlike behavior in response, as clients dutifully try to play out their assigned role as designated beneficiaries of their lawyers' help. When both types of pretense are combined, lawyer-client conversations often will take on the qualities of an elaborately coded performance in which each side signals its genuine beliefs and wants in unnecessarily convoluted and confusing ways. Interacting in this fashion over a lifetime in law practice can cause lawyers to become cynical about client attitudes and less respectful of client ends. In fact, perhaps the biggest difficulty with the lawyer-as-friend view is that it can cause lawyers to become less friendly over the course of a career. I discuss these issues by examining two generations of scholarly argument for the lawyer-as-friend analogy, and a description of the approach in operation in an actual legal case. Each of these discussions shows what sorts of questions a lawyer-as-friend takes up, how he or she divides or shares authority with clients differently from lawyers who use more traditional approaches to legal representation, and how the personal psychological experience of representing a client as a friend compares with the experience of representing a client as a fiduciary and agent. In the course of the discussion, I compare the idea of legal friendship with representative views of friendship found in western literature and philosophy generally, identify the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the legal friendship model, and conclude by defending a more traditional way of thinking about the relationship between lawyers and clients.

Mainstreaming Middle East Gender Research: Promise or Pitfall?

From The Advent Of Middle Eastern Studies, the ‘status of the Muslim woman’ was a major subject of interest, not to say fascination. Women in Middle Eastern society were depicted as invisible, downtrodden figures, whiling away their time in harems, ignorant of anything but the most frivolous matters, and prone to childlike behavior. A handful of outstanding, unique women were portrayed either as ideal paragons or as evil shrews.In the wake of the feminist movement of the 1960s, Middle Eastern ‘women’s history’ gradually began to modify these stereotypes. During the last two decades, new research has revealed the varied roles women have played in the economic, social, and cultural life of the Middle East. Quantitative studies of economic records have produced provocative findings on the ownership and management of property by women.

Behavior Problems of Pet Pigs

Pigs of all kinds can be enjoyable, charming pets, but the reduced size of the Vietnamese potbellied pig makes it an excellent choice for a porcine pet. Their curious, almost childlike behavior, as well as their adaptability and ease of learning, can make them a real pleasure and a great challenge to keep. The author fears that as many as 25% to 50% of potbellied pigs are no longer in their original homes by 1 year of age primarily because of a high incidence of behavior problems. These are, in reality, "people problems," not "pet problems." The environmental and training requirements of the potbellied pig are more complex and require more understanding than those of the average dog or cat. The author's belief is that the potbellied pig's strong drive to be dominant is a unique behavioral characteristic that more people should be made aware of before acquiring a pet pig. With knowledge of normal pig behavior, problems can be avoided through proper socialization and training. If pet owners consult a veterinarian knowledgeable about pig behavior at the first sign of a problem, treatment usually can be successful.

Parentified Pursuers and Childlike Distancers in Marital Therapy

The pursuer-distancer relationship style may cause severe marital discord and even divorce. This article helps counselors practicing marital therapy to become more familiar with this particular troublesome style and offers several treatment techniques to alleviate it. Of major importance is the discussion and demonstration of the relationship between the concepts of parentification and childlike behavior and the pursuer and the distancer; respectively. An integrative, multilevel model of marital therapy is used as a framework for these purposes. Several case examples are presented as well.

Case Study: Dreamy State and Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in a Migrainous Adolescent

Symptoms of migraine can be very atypical during childhood and adolescence. This article describes a case in which the symptoms of migraine were mainly psychiatric: dreamy state, intermittent confusion, partial amnesia, and childlike regressive behavior with depressive features. Although the results from neurological examinations and electroencephalographic recordings were normal when the individual was symptomatic or not, temporal lobe dysfunction, determined by 99mTc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxamine single-photon emission computed tomography, was evident during the migraine.

Reading for Profit and Pleasure: Little Women and The Story of a Bad Boy

Fiction written in the United States specifically for children changed fundamentally in 1868 and 1869 with the publication of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, part 1, and Thomas Bailey Aldrich's The Story of a Bad Boy. In these two novels, we see the development of a new narrative strategy that mirrors a new awareness or understanding of children's experience and a trust in the child reader's abilities to interpret and judge. Alcott's Little Women and Aldrich's The Story of a Bad Boy were written in opposition to the didacticism of contemporary children's literature. In both novels, we see a greater degree of realism in the characters. The children behave in childlike (and frequently childish) ways. Unlike most of the children in the juvenile fiction of the decade, the characters in these novels are not examples of ideal or wrong behavior. Moreover, the characters are not overshadowed by adults who constantly guide them into proper behavior. Most significantly, the authors of these novels consistently attempt to prevent an adult judgment of the childlike behavior by shifting the narrative point of view from omniscient adult narrators to the children's consciousness.

The use of Piaget's theory in Alzheimer's disease

Child-like behaviors of adults with Alzheimer's disease are often puzzling and stressful to caregivers. The possibility of using Piaget's child developmental model to understand these behaviors is explored in this paper. Based on data from recent studies revealing that adults with Alzheimer's disease appear to lose cognitive functions in the reverse order of acquisition in Piaget's theory, the purpose of this paper is to describe how the use of this theory to understand cognitive changes characteristic of AD might enhance caregiving techniques.

Hypnotic age regression and the importance of assessing interpersonally relevant affect.

Abstract The present study was undertaken to replicate an earlier experiment and to clarify which factors in this previous experiment (Nash, Johnson, & Tipton, 1979) were responsible for the obtained child-like behaviors of hypnotically regressed Ss. As in the previous study, 3 characteristics of the transitional object relationship (spontaneity, specificity, and intensity) were used as the primary criteria to investigate the effects of hypnotic age regression when Ss were regressed to age 3 and placed in 3 home situations. While in the previous study E suggested separation anxiety and isolation during the 3 home situations (mother-absent condition), the present study deleted all references to anxiety and isolation, and replaced them with suggestions of security and maternal proximity (mother-present condition). As expected, the mother-present versus mother-absent conditions led to similar hypnotized-simulating differences. In further accord with predictions, hypnotized Ss and simulating Ss requested a tr...

Childlike Behavior aiid Thought While Emerging from Insulin Coma Studies with Hypnosis in Schizophrenic Patients

Childlike Behavior aiid Thought While Emerging from Insulin Coma Studies with Hypnosis in Schizophrenic Patients