Children's Behavior Questionnaire Research Articles

Temperament, socioeconomic adversity, and perinatal risk as related to preschoolers' BMI.

Disparities in childhood obesity necessitate identification of risk-protective and risk- augmenting factors for young children experiencing socioeconomic adversity born with perinatal risk. Temperamental reactivity is a biological marker of susceptibility to environmental characteristics. This study tested whether temperamental reactivity moderated the relation between socioeconomic risk and children's body mass index (BMI). This study examined 100 Head Start preschoolers (Mage = 4.07 years, SD = 0.56) with perinatal risk, defined as preterm birth (PT, <37 weeks gestation) or low birth weight (LBW, <2500g). Anthropometric measurements were collected from children and parents. Parents completed questionnaires on family level demographics and household food insecurity to create a cumulative socioeconomic risk variable. Parents also completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire to assess preschoolers' temperamental reactivity. Results supported a differential susceptibility hypothesis such that preschoolers' temperamental reactivity significantly moderated the relation between socioeconomic risk and child BMI z-score (BMIz). Higher BMIz was observed in highly reactive children exposed to higher socioeconomic risk. Alternatively, lower exposure to socioeconomic risk was related to lower BMIz for highly reactive children. Findings suggest that highly reactive PT/LBW preschoolers are differentially susceptible to early socioeconomic adversity in a for better or for worse manner regarding BMIz. Thus, consideration of temperament as a marker of biological sensitivity to context may be necessary to inform obesity prevention for PT/LBW preschoolers from low-income families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The relationship between temperament and behavior in 3–7-year-old children during dental treatment

Various factors affect child behavior in different situations such as in a dental clinic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament and child behavior during routine dental treatment. The present study is a descriptive-analytic study that included 199 children aged 3-7-years from patients referred to a dental clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018. The Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which is specific to children aged 3-7 years, was used to assess children's dental temperament. Children's behaviors during dental treatment were recorded using Frankl scale. Finally, the data were analyzed by the SPSS-16 statistical software. About 47.9% of the samples were female, with a mean temperament score of 4.79 which was significantly higher than males (P < 0.05). Almost 2.4% of children had completely negative behaviors and 2.8% had a completely positive behavior. The mean scores of fear (P = 0.008) and anger (P = 0.004) in children with completely negative behavior were higher than those with completely positive behavior. Moreover, the average scores of inhibitory control (P = 0.003) and perceptual sensitivity (P = 0.001) in completely positive children were higher than completely negative children. The results of the present study showed that girls had a better mean score of temperament than boys. The inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity in completely positive children were significantly higher than negative children. In addition, a higher mean score of fear and anger was observed in completely negative children.

The Lebanese Adaptation of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (Ecbq): Psychometric Properties

The Lebanese Adaptation of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (Ecbq): Psychometric Properties

Early bonding, Parenting Styles and Temperament: Association between three-generational Aspect of Parenting

Background: Parenting styles differ with individuals. Early experiences play an important role to determinethe nature of parenting. However, studies do not highlight dyadic views of partners as a unit in their parentingstyles. Further, the critical age between 3-6 years is found to be vulnerable to environmental influences.Thus, the transactional influence in a three-generational viewpoint needs to be studied. The aim was tounderstand the three-generational aspect of parenting. The primary objective included understanding therelationship of early parental bonding on current parenting styles and its association with the temperamentof pre-school aged children.Method: 15 couples with children in preschool, aged between 3-6 years, of age range 20-40 years using aconvenience sampling were recruited. The participants were assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI), Parental Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Child Behaviour Questionnaire- Very ShortForm (CBQ-VSF). The data was further analyzed using descriptive statistics for the socio-demographics andthe association between the variables was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation.Conclusion: Correlational analysis showed an authoritative parenting style positively correlated witheffortful control and a negative correlation with the surgency dimension of temperament. No significantrelationship between parental bonding and parenting styles was found.

Evaluating maternal psychopathology biases in reports of child temperament: An investigation of measurement invariance.

Parent reports of child temperament, especially those of mothers', are frequently used in research and clinical practice, but there are concerns that maternal characteristics, including a history of psychopathology, might bias reports on these measures. However, whether maternal reports of youth temperament show structural differences based on mothers' psychiatric history is unclear. We therefore conducted tests of measurement invariance to examine whether maternal psychopathology was associated with structural aspects of child temperament as a means of evaluating potential biases related to mothers' mental disorder history. From 2 community-based studies of child temperament, 935 mothers completed the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and semistructured diagnostic interviews that assessed their own lifetime history of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Mothers also completed a measure of depressive symptoms concurrent to their completion of the CBQ. We found little evidence that mothers' current depressive symptoms or history of depressive symptoms, anxiety, or substance use disorders were associated with the structure of their reports of child temperament. Thus, there is little empirical support for systematic biases in reports of youth temperament as indexed by psychometric modeling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and executive function in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort

Organophosphate pesticides (OPP) cause acute toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, however neurodevelopmental effects have been found at relatively low exposure concentrations. Contamination of conventionally-grown produce with OPPs remains an important exposure route for the general population due to agricultural spraying. Previous research suggests a relationship between prenatal exposure and executive functions (EF), but no studies have performed a detailed assessment inclusive of rater and performance-based measures. Methods: We used data from the preschool ADHD sub-substudy of the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. 262 preschool children with clinical or subclinical ADHD symptoms and 78 typically developing children underwent an on-site evaluation including the Stanford-Binet nonverbal and verbal working memory (WM), the NEPSY-II statue test, and the cookie delay task. Rating-based assessments were the parent-rated Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the parent- and preschool teacher-rated Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Non-specific OPP exposure was estimated by measuring total diethyl (∑DEP) and dimethylphosphate (∑DMP) metabolites in urine collected at 17-18 weeks’ gestation. Change in EF z-score (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per log-unit increase in specific gravity standardized exposure was estimated using multivariable linear regression with adjustment for dietary factors and other covariates. Results: There was no consistent pattern of association between log-∑DEP or ∑DMP and performance-based assessments and parent CBQ and BRIEF measures. However, log-∑DMP was associated with more adverse scores on teacher BRIEF scales among preschool children with symptoms of ADHD (emotional control: β=-0.27, 95% CI: -0.53, 0.00; inhibition: β=-0.21, 95% CI: -0.48, 0.05; WM: β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.41, 0.13) and typically developing children (emotional control: β=-0.27, 95% CI: -0.63, 0.10; inhibition: β=-0.31, 95% CI: -0.68, 0.06; WM: β=-0.34, 95% CI: -0.68, 0.00). Conclusion: We found some evidence that prenatal log-∑DMP was associated with more adverse EF in a population experiencing primarily dietary exposure.

¿Se relacionan el temperamento y la asistencia a los jardines maternales con las habilidades sociales durante los primeros años de vida?

El objetivo de la siguiente investigación fue evaluar las relaciones entre las habilidades sociales, los estilos temperamentales y la asistencia a jardines maternales en los primeros años de vida. La muestra estuvo conformada por 102 cuidadores primarios de infantes de 18 a 48 meses de edad (M= 30,48 meses; DS= 10,45). Se administró un cuestionario ad-hoc, la escala de Habilidades Sociales adaptada por Lacunza et al. (2009) y el Cuestionario de Conducta de Niñez Temprana (ECBQ-VSF; Rothbart et al., 2001). Se encontraron asociaciones entre los estilos temperamentales y las habilidades sociales, pero no con respecto a la asistencia a los jardines maternales. Se concluye que las diferencias individuales de los infantes estarían contribuyendo a su forma de interrelacionarse, y que serían necesario recabar información referida a la calidad de los jardines maternales para hallar variaciones, ya que en este rango etario las conductas sociales aún son muy variables y volátiles.

Children's Road-Crossing Behavior: Emotional Decision Making and Emotion-Based Temperamental Fear and Anger.

Child pedestrian injuries represent a global public health burden. To date, most research on psychosocial factors affecting children's risk of pedestrian injury focused on cognitive aspects of children's functioning in traffic. Recent evidence suggests, however, that emotional aspects such as temperament-based fear and anger/frustration, as well as executive function-based emotional decision making, may also affect children's safety in traffic. This study examined the role of emotions on children's pedestrian behavior. Three hypotheses were considered: (a) emotion-based temperament factors of fear and anger/frustration will predict children's risky decisions and behaviors; (b) emotional decision making will predict risky pedestrian decisions and behaviors; and (c) children's pedestrian decision making will mediate relations between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. The role of gender was also considered. In total, 140 6- to 7-year-old children (M = 6.7 years, SD = 0.39; 51% girls) participated. Parent-report subscales of Child Behavior Questionnaire measured temperamental fear and anger/frustration. The Hungry Donkey Task, a modified version of Iowa Gambling Task for children, measured children's emotional decision making, and a mobile virtual reality pedestrian environment measured child pedestrian behavior. Greater anger/frustration, lesser fear, and more emotional decision making all predicted poorer pedestrian decision making. The mediational model demonstrated that pedestrian decision making, as assessed by delays entering safe traffic gaps, mediated the relation between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. Analyses stratified by gender showed stronger mediation results for girls than for boys. These results support the influence of emotions on child pedestrian behavior and reinforce the need to incorporate emotion regulation training into child pedestrian education programs.

Children's Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers' Parenting and Aggression.

Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine—from the parents’ perspective—the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect’s contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.

Inhibitory Control Across the Preschool Years: Developmental Changes and Associations with Parenting.

The normative developmental course of inhibitory control between 2.5 and 6.5 years, and associations with maternal and paternal sensitivity and intrusiveness were tested. The sample consisted of 383 children (52.5% boys). During four annual waves, mothers and fathers reported on their children’s inhibitory control using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. During the first wave, mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and intrusiveness were observed and coded with the Emotional Availability Scales. Inhibitory control exhibited partial scalar invariance over time, and increased in a decelerating rate. For both mothers and fathers, higher levels of sensitivity were associated with a higher initial level of children's inhibitory control, whereas higher levels of intrusiveness predicted a slower increase in children's inhibitory control.

Blood DHA, Choline, and Lutein Concentrations and Their Correlation with Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in 18-Month Old Toddlers: Preliminary Findings

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate associations between key nutrients identified as critical for central nervous system development and function, but which are limited in the diet of toddlers, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in toddler-aged children. We hypothesize that higher concentrations of key nutrients are associated with higher neurocognitive development scores. Methods Cross-sectional baseline data were drawn from 18-month old toddlers residing in Vancouver, Canada, who participated in a partially randomized controlled trial investigating associations between feeding patterns, nutrient biomarker status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes considered for this analysis included: The Bayley Scale of Infant Development (3rd Ed; BSID-III); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (ECBQ); and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Words &amp; Gestures and Words &amp; Sentences; MCDI-WG &amp; WS). Blood biomarkers of nutrients of interest included plasma concentration of ferritin, lutein, choline, vitamins A and D, and betaine, as well as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) measured as a percentage of total fatty acids in red blood cells. Results Sixty-nine toddlers (34 boys, 35 girls) with preliminary data available had a mean gestational age at birth and birthweight of 39.5 weeks and 3.48 kg, respectively. Preliminary (unadjusted) findings show higher levels of DHA corresponded with lower scores of effortful control on the ECBQ (rho = –.35, P &amp;lt; .01) while higher levels of lutein were associated with higher scores on the MCDI-WG (rho = .33, P &amp;lt; .05). Conclusions These preliminary findings may reflect an important association between nutritional status and optimal brain function at 18-months of age, a period of life which is particularly sensitive to nutrient inadequacies. These findings require confirmation in a larger sample size and causality testing of the relationship in a dose-dependency trial. Funding Sources This study is supported by The University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada, and is funded by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.

Étude des comportements parentaux dans les liens entre symptomatologie du TDAH et comportements agressifs chez les enfants entre 3 et 6 ans

IntroductionChildren's aggressive behaviors have an important economic impact and have a significant impact on the child's and family's development. The literature emphasizes the importance of the association between aggression and deficit disorder of attention and hyperactivity. Principally studied in categorical approach in children over 6 years old, ADHD symptomatology is however present early. The literature also highlights an association between parental behavior and aggressive behavior in young children aged 3 to 6 years. A strong presence of negative parenting behaviors and a low presence of positive parenting behaviors are both associated with the presence of aggressive behavior of children. However, unlike the strength of this association considered in the literature, it seems that parental behaviors account for about 4 to 6 % of the child's aggressive behavior. ADHD is also associated with parental behavior in a bidirectional way. The symptomatology of ADHD would then be associated with a greater presence of negative parenting behaviors and a lower presence of positive parenting behaviors. For all these associations and variables, we find that most studies focus on clinical populations older than 6 years, with a psychopathology approach of aggressiveness (conduct disorder), and with a categorical approach to ADHD without distinction of inattention symptomatology and hyperactivity symptomatology. Our aim is to study the joint influence of positive and negative parental behaviors and symptoms of ADHD or inattention symptomatology or hyperactive behaviors, in a dimensional approach, on the presence of aggressive behaviors in children from 3 to 6 years old. MethodsParents of 160 children evaluated aggressive behaviors, inattention symptomatology and hyperactivity symptomatology by a modified version of the “Childhood Behavior Questionnaire”. Parental behaviors were assessed using a French adaptation of “Parenting Practices Scale”. The statistical analyzes performed were mainly regressions (simple, multiple and with interactions) according to the negative-binomial law derived from the Poisson's law. ResultsOur analyzes show that the symptoms of ADHD, inattention symptomatology or hyperactivity symptomatology and negative parenting behaviors were associated with aggressive behavior. positive parenting behaviors have not been associated with aggressive behavior. Multiple regression analyzes show that there is partial mediation but no moderation effect. The most explanatory models are those in multiple regression (negative and positive parental behaviors, symptomatology of ADHD or inattention symptomatology or hyperactivity symptomatology) without the interaction's terms. ConclusionThe presence of aggressive behaviors in children seems to be partly explained by parental behaviors, but it is all the more explained when the child has hyperactivity and inattention symptomatology. Finally, these results show that it is important for a clinician to consider the presence of ADHD symptomatology, even below a diagnosis of ADHD, when a young child exhibits aggressive behaviors and thus take this into account in the therapeutic work undertaken with the child and his family. These results also show the interest of working according to a dimensional approach of aggressive behavior, but also and especially ADHD. Finally, we discuss this involvement in the current debate on the etiology of ADHD.

Temperament as a predictor of eating behavior in middle childhood – A fixed effects approach

BackgroundIndividual differences in temperament are believed to influence the development of children's eating behavior. This hypothesis has predominantly been tested in cross-sectional designs and important confounders such as genetics and stable parenting factors have not been accounted for. The present study aims to establish more clearly than previous studies if temperament is involved in the etiology of eating behavior in middle childhood. MethodsA community sample of Norwegian children (n = 997) were followed biennially from age 4 to age 10. Temperamental negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency were measured by The Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) captured four ‘food approach’ behaviors (‘food responsiveness’, ‘enjoyment of food’, ‘emotional overeating’, ‘desire to drink’) and four ‘food avoidant’ behaviors (‘emotional undereating’, ‘satiety responsiveness’, ‘food fussiness’, ‘slowness in eating’). The prospective relationships between temperament and eating behavior were tested with fixed, random and hybrid effect models, which adjust for all unmeasured time-invariant factors (e.g. genetics, common methods over time) ResultsOver and above unmeasured time-invariant confounders, higher negative affectivity predicted more ‘food approach’ and ‘food avoidant’ behavior, as did low effortful control, although less consistently so. Greater surgency was prospectively related to more ‘food approach’ and less ‘food avoidant’ behavior, but only at some ages and with the exception of emotional over- and under-eating. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that temperament is involved in the etiology of children's eating behavior. Negative affectivity, in particular, may affect both ‘food approach’ and ‘food avoidant’ behavior. Because children prone to react with negative affect are at increased risk of obesogenic and disordered eating behaviors, their parents should be particularly aware of how to support healthy eating.

The Role of Behavioral Inhibition for Conversational Speech and Language Characteristics of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) were more likely to exhibit a temperamental trait of behavioral inhibition (BI), a correlate of shyness, than children who do not stutter (CWNS) and whether this temperamental trait affected preschool-age children's speech fluency and language complexity during a conversation with an unfamiliar adult. Method Sixty-eight preschool-age children (31 CWS, 37 CWNS) participated. The degree of BI was assessed by measuring the latency to their sixth spontaneous comment and the number of all spontaneous comments during a conversation with an unfamiliar examiner (following Kagan et al.'s [1987] methodology). Parent report of shyness from the Children's Behavior Questionnaire served as an indirect measure of BI. Children's language complexity was assessed by measuring their mean length of utterance and the number of words spoken. For CWS, the frequency of stuttering and the negative impact of stuttering were also assessed. Results First, we found no between-group differences in the degree of BI across the behavioral observation measures. However, CWS were rated shyer by parents than CWNS. Second, for CWS only, higher BI was associated with less complex utterances and fewer words spoken. Third, for CWS, higher BI was associated with fewer stuttered disfluencies produced. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence that BI to the unfamiliar may have salience for childhood stuttering as it affected the quantity and quality of language spoken with an unfamiliar adult. Clinical implications of high BI for the assessment and treatment of preschool-age stuttering are discussed.

Leveraging Python to Process Cross-Cultural Temperament Interviews: A Novel Platform for Text Analysis

During childhood, parents represent the most commonly used source of their child’s temperament information and, typically, do so by responding to questionnaires. Despite their wide-ranging applications, interviews present notorious data reduction challenges, as quantification of narratives has proven to be a labor-intensive process. However, for the purposes of this study, the labor-intensive nature may have conferred distinct advantages. The present study represents a demonstration project aimed at leveraging emerging technologies for this purpose. Specifically, we used Python natural language processing capabilities to analyze semistructured temperament interviews conducted with U.S. and German mothers of toddlers, expecting to identify differences between these two samples in the frequency of words used to describe individual differences, along with some similarities. Two different word lists were used: (a) a set of German personality words and (b) temperament-related words extracted from the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Analyses using the German trait word demonstrated that mothers from Germany described their toddlers as significantly more “cheerful” and “careful” compared with U.S. caregivers. According to U.S. mothers, their children were more “independent,” “emotional,” and “timid.” For the ECBQ analysis, German mothers described their children as “calm” and “careful” more often than U.S. mothers. U.S. mothers, however, referred to their children as “upset,” “happy,” and “frustrated” more frequently than German caregivers. The Python code developed herein illustrates this software as a viable research tool for cross-cultural investigations.

Do developmental and temperamental characteristics mediate the association between preterm birth and the quality of mother-child interaction?

BackgroundThe current study aims to evaluate the association between preterm birth and the quality of mother-child interaction of very preterm-, moderate preterm-, and full-term-born children at 18 and 36 months and to determine whether developmental and behavioral characteristics mediate the association between preterm birth and the quality of mother-child interaction. MethodParticipants included 110 preterm-born children and 39 full-term-born children assessed at ages 18 and 36 months. Mother-child free play interactions, the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire were administered. ResultsSignificant associations between preterm birth and the quality of mother-child interaction were found at 18 and 36 months. The mother-child interaction quality was less optimal for the preterm-born children compared with the full-term-born children, mainly so for the very preterm-born children. Unlike behavioral characteristics, cognitive development was found to mediate the association between the gestational age-based group and the quality of mother-child interaction. ConclusionsIntervention programs for preterm-born children and their families, should consider maternal and children’s behaviors during mother-child interactions, in addition to cognitive, language, motor and emotional regulation abilities, and particularly so with very preterm-born children, who exhibit slower cognitive development.

Neonatal and temperament variables predict behavior problems of preterm children at toddlerhood

Background: Children born preterm are at high risk for behavior problems at different ages. To better understand these problems, we examine the predictive biopsychosocial variables.&#x0D; Objective: To examine the predictive effects of neonatal clinical status and the temperament of the children and mothers on the behavior problems of children born preterm. Study design: Longitudinal predictive study.&#x0D; Methods: The sample was composed of 40 children born preterm at 18 to 36 months of age and their mothers. The temperament of the children was assessed using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire, which comprises the negative affect, extroversion and effortful control factors and their domains. Behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist 1 ½-5 (total, internalized, and externalized problems scores and classifications). The temperament of the mothers was assessed using the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. All instruments were applied through interviews with mothers. Descriptive and the hierarchical multiple linear regression statistical analyses were performed. The level of significance adopted in the study was p &lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The prediction analysis revealed that the internalized behavior problems were explained significantly by children’s temperaments with more fear (negative affect) and less by mothers’ temperament with inhibitory control (effortful control factor). The externalized behavior problems were explained significantly by greater time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit, less effortful control of children’s temperament and less mothers` temperament inhibitory control.&#x0D; Conclusion: The behavior problems of children at toddlerhood who were born preterm were explained by high neonatal clinical risk as well as by the temperament dispositional traits of both the children and the mothers.

Early Temperament as a Predictor of Child Mental Health

The present follow-up study examined the contribution of early temperament to mental health in preschool and school years. Participants represent a community sample of 96 children (54% female) from urban and rural areas of Russia. Temperament was measured by the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised and the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire; mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Effortful control and negative affectivity accounted for 17% of the variance in internalizing problems and 6% in externalizing problems, and results also highlighted the contribution of lower-order traits. Our findings emphasize the importance of broadband and fine-grained early temperamental traits for later mental health in the Russian context and support the predominant role of effortful control and negative affectivity.

Excision of thyroglossal cyst in children by transverse submentum incision

Objective:To explore the application of transverse submentum incision in thyroglossal duct cyst surgery. Method:Submentum transverse incision for thyroglossal duct cyst removal in 14 children with thyroglossal duct cyst from January 2014 to December 2017. All cases were performed submentum dermatoglyphic incision, skin incision, subcutaneous tissue, platysma muscle incision, down lifting flap, along the white line incision and separation of banded muscle on both sides, see the mass along the wall of the capsule separated to the attachment of the hyoid bone, ablation of the mucosa of the capsule wall of the hyoid bone attachment, electrotome to break the hyoid bone. The cavity is indeed stopped after bleeding, and the skin is sutured continuously for continuous intradermal suture. The operation time, bleeding volume, severe complications, wound healing time and severe surgical scars were recorded. Close follow-up was performed to observe whether there was infection or recurrence of incisional wound. Parents were informed by telephone to go back to the outpatient clinic. RUTTER Children's Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess the children's psychological status. Vancouver Scar Rating Scale was used to evaluate the children's surgical scars, and to investigate whether parents satisfactory surgical methods. Result:Fourteen cases of thyroglossal duct cyst underwent transverse incision thyroglossal duct cyst excision successfully. The average operative time was 55 minutes, and the standard deviation was 10.5 min, bleeding was less than 10 ml, postoperative hoarseness and weakness of voice, silence became low, wound healing time averaged one week, no serious surgical scars, no wound infection and recurrence. Among the normal children of the same age group, 14 parents were satisfied with the operation. Conclusion:Excision of thyroglossal duct cyst under transverse incision is safe, reliable and satisfactory in appearance.

The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (ECBQ VSF) and its adaptation to the population of the Czech Republic

The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (ECBQ VSF) and its adaptation to the population of the Czech Republic