Childbirth Self-efficacy Research Articles

The impact of yoga on fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy among third trimester pregnants

BackgroundThis study was conducted to determine the effect of yoga practice on fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy. Materials and methodsThis study was performed in a quasi-experimental model with pretest and post-test control groups. The participants of the study were women who applied to a pregnancy education class at a hospital. Ninety women participated in the study. The data used in the study were collected using the Individual Information Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectation/Experience Scale (Version A), and the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Scale. ResultsAfter participating in yoga practice, the pregnant women in the experimental group exhibited decreased fear of childbirth and increased childbirth self-efficacy (p < .05). On the other hand, the pregnant women in the control group displayed increased fear of childbirth and decreased childbirth self-efficacy (p < .05). ConclusionBased on the results of this study, yoga practice reduces fear of childbirth and significantly increases childbirth self-efficacy.

Reproducing fear: the effect of birth stories on nulligravid women\u2019s birth preferences

ObjectivePreference for caesarean birth is associated with higher fear and lower self-efficacy for vaginal birth. Vicarious experience is a strong factor influencing self-efficacy in nulligravid women, and is increasingly accessible via digital and general media. This study assessed the effect of exposure to different birth stories on nulligravid women’s childbirth preferences and the factors mediating these effects.MethodsNulligravid women (N = 426) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions exposing them to written birth stories. Stories varied by type of birth (vaginal/caesarean) and storyteller evaluation (positive/negative) in a 2 × 2 design. Childbirth preference, fear of labour and vaginal birth, and self-efficacy for vaginal birth were measured before and after exposure via a two-way between groups analysis of covariance. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine the mediating effects of change in childbirth fear and childbirth self-efficacy.ResultsVariations in type of birth and storyteller evaluation significantly influenced childbirth preferences (F (1, 421) = 44.78, p < 0.001). The effect of vaginal birth stories on preference was significantly mediated by fear of labour and vaginal birth and self-efficacy. Effects of exposure to caesarean birth stories were not explained by changes in fear or self-efficacy.ConclusionsChildbirth preferences in nulligravid women can be significantly influenced by vicarious experiences. For stories about vaginal birth, the influence of birth stories on women’s fear and self-efficacy expectancy are partly responsible for this influence. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring bias in vicarious experiences, and may inform novel strategies to promote healthy childbirth.

Efficacy of yoga on physiological and psychological discomforts and delivery outcomes in Chinese primiparas

Backgroud and purposeAlmost every woman experiences discomforts during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of yoga on physiological and psychological discomforts and delivery outcomes in Chinese primiparas. Materials and methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants in the control group (n = 32) received routine prenatal care, whereas participants in the intervention group (n = 32) received routine prenatal care and yoga exercise three times a week for 12 weeks. Outcomes evaluated included physiological discomforts, prenatal depression, anxiety, childbirth self-efficacy and delivery outcomes. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. ResultsYoga decreased the symptoms of physiological discomforts during pregnancy (F = 6.966, p = 0.010), promoted childbirth self-efficacy (F = 11.900, p = 0.001), increased the rate of vaginal delivery (χ2 = 4.267, p = 0.039), and shortened the length of the first (t = −2.612, p = 0.012), second (z = −3.313, p = 0.001) and third stages of labor (z = −3.137, p = 0.002). ConclusionYoga offers beneficial effects on physiological discomforts, childbirth self-efficacy and delivery outcomes in Chinese primiparas.

Challenges in applying the short Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI-C32) in German.

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to review and pilot-test feedback from childbearing women who completed the German short version of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI-C32), which is widely used and validated in different languages.METHODSTen pregnant nulliparas, who planned a natural childbirth, completed the German CBSEI-C32 and provided comments about the comprehensibility of the tool.RESULTSWhen applying the standardized translated German CBSEI-C32, we discovered that women generally gave positive feedback, and reported that the items made them think about coping strategies for labor and birth. Some pregnant woman had problems in understanding two items: ‘Mich beherrschen’ (original English item: ‘Keep myself in control’), and ‘Mich ruhig halten’ (original English item: ‘Keep myself calm’). Some of the items were not comprehensible for pregnant women and might not represent contemporary concepts of childbirth self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONSTwo items of the German CBSEI-C32 were interpreted ambiguously by the pilot testers. The CBSEI should be checked to identify which items could serve as the basis for a new questionnaire because there are clear and appropriate coping strategies when dealing with labour pain such as item 3 on breathing. These could be complemented with other coping behaviours that are positively worded and serve to empower rather than restrain women. For measuring self-efficacy beliefs in childbirth nowadays, it appears that health-oriented aspects, such as concentrating on the pauses between contractions or mentally staying in the present moment, are more important for women than focusing on control during childbirth.

Simulation-based childbirth education for Chinese primiparas: A pilot randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of simulation-based childbirth education (SBCE) on reducing fear of childbirth (FOC) of Chinese primiparas. MethodsA total of 56 primiparas completed the trial including 26 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of SBCE while the control group received routine prenatal care. Chinese versions of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ-A) and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) were used to evaluate FOC and childbirth self-efficacy. Birth outcomes including delivery method, labor duration and Apgar scores were collected. ResultsScores on the WDEQ-A of the intervention group were statistically lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The CBSEI scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The cesarean birth rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group (34.61% vs 46.67%, P > 0.05). ConclusionSimulation-based childbirth education alleviates FOC, increases childbirth self-efficacy and improves birth outcomes, providing a new perspective to alleviate FOC of primiparas in the future. Practice implicationsSimulation-based childbirth education is an effective and feasible method to educate women about childbirth. Its integration into routine prenatal care of Chinese primiparas should be encouraged to reduce FOC.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of delivery fear scale (DFS) in Iran

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of delivery fear scale (DFS) among Iranian women population.MethodsThis is a methodological study that was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of DFS. Convenience sampling was used to select 200 pregnant women from the maternity ward of Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. In the first step, the scale was translated into Persian using backward-forward translation method. Afterwards, the following types of validity were examined: face validity based on impact score, construct validity based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and concurrent validity. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation of DFS with pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ), Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (CAQ), Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and the short form of Lowe’s childbirth self-efficacy inventory. Reliability of DFS was assessed by determining internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and split-half method.ResultsCFA had satisfactory validity considering x2⁄df < 5 and the RMSEA < 0.08. /the obtained Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.77. The split-half coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.83, indicating an acceptable reliability for the questionnaire. The results showed that DFS had a direct significant correlation with the CAQ (r = 0.72), PRAQ (r = 0.74), STAI-Y1 (r = 0.71) and STAI-Y1 (r = 0.63) and a reverse significant correlation with subscales of the short form of Lowe’s childbirth self-efficacy inventory including outcome expectancy (r= -0.75) and self-efficacy expectancy (r= -0.76).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study confirm the validity and reliability of the Persian version of DFS as an instrument for measuring fear of childbirth (FOC) in Iranian women population.

740 What laboring women (virtually) want: a qualitative analysis of virtual reality during labor

Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be effective in reducing perceived pain in several domains, including in laboring women. The objective of this qualitative study is to characterize the effect of VR on patient perceptions of coping in labor and their descriptions of the VR experience. We conducted a prospective, descriptive study within a randomized controlled trial of VR for reduction of pain among nulliparous, term women in labor. We included women contracting every 5 minutes with a pain score of 4-7 who had been randomized to receive VR for up to 30 minutes. We excluded patients from the trial who had received any pharmacologic pain management or had contraindications to VR. Patients from the control arm were not surveyed post-intervention and so are not included in this analysis. All patients underwent a pre-survey with a quantitative assessment: NIH PROMIS Global Health Survey and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI). All who used VR then completed a Quantitative survey and a Qualitative guided interview. 21 subjects received the VR intervention. Mean CBSEI scores for the group were 105.1, corresponding to lower than average self-efficacy. Following the intervention, 20 subjects completed the post-intervention measures. The patient’s perceived degree to which VR would improve each CBSEI measure and their CBSEI score overall was significant (Figure 1), with respondents scoring an adjusted 123.2 (all p < 0.001). Qualitative interviews on the benefits of VR can be thematically divided as follows: decreasing anxiety, feeling more relaxed, being distracted from the pain, and helping patients connect with the breathing. Patients’ recommendations included less repetition and technical improvement in both the graphics and device comfort. 70% believed VR reduced their pain, 60% felt it reduced their anxiety and 100% would recommend it for laboring women. In this study of patients’ qualitative assessment of the use of VR in L&D, most women experienced an increase in self-efficacy.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Factors associated with childbirth self-efficacy: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China

ObjectiveChildbirth self-efficacy is an important indicator of a woman's choice of mode of delivery, and has been found to be closely related to adverse perinatal outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate childbirth self-efficacy and its influencing factors among pregnant Chinese women. DesignA multicenter cross-sectional study. MethodsPregnant women were recruited by using a convenience sample in four maternal and child healthcare hospitals, one each from four cities in China between May and June 2018. Women with a singleton pregnancy, aged 18 years and older, and able to read and write the Chinese language were included. Trained investigators used a structured self-administrated questionnaire to collect data. EpiData 3.1 was used to prepare the database, and SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. A one-way ANOVA test or independent sample t-tests were used to test the between-group differences in childbirth self-efficacy scores, as appropriate. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine childbirth self-efficacy of the pregnant women, and the socio-demographic and obstetric factors that influence childbirth self-efficacy. FindingsA total of 1,796 pregnant Chinese women with singleton pregnancies were recruited into this study. The average childbirth self-efficacy score of the participants was 14.42 (standard deviation = 2.80); 9.35% of the participants scored ≤ 10 points, while 22.49% got more than 15 points. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher childbirth self-efficacy was significantly associated with younger age (ß = -0.05, P<0.01), lower body mass index (BMI) (ß = -0.06, P <0.01), receiving prenatal education (ß = 0.47, P <0.01), performing physical activity 6-7 times per week (ß = 0.47, P = 0.03), and fair (ß = 0.57, P <0.01) or good (ß = 1.08, P <0.01) self-rated health status. Key conclusions and implications for practiceChildbirth self-efficacy was low among pregnant Chinese women. Women with older age, higher BMI, and worse self-rated health status had lower childbirth self-efficacy. On the other hand, women who frequently exercised, had some prenatal education, and had better self-rated health showed higher childbirth self-efficacy during pregnancy. Interventions concentrating on improving childbirth self-efficacy in China should focus on prenatal education for expectant mothers, and more attention should be given to pregnant women who are older, obese, are less physically active, and are in poor health.

The effect of midwifery led counseling based on Gamble\u2019s approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women

BackgroundStudies show that childbirth fear is a common problem among Iranian women. Therefore, most Iranian women prefer caesarean section for giving birth. This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention by midwives (birth emotions - looking to improve expectant fear (BELIEF)) on decreasing childbirth fear and self-efficacy among first-time pregnant women who were afraid of giving birth.MethodsA number of 80 pregnant women participated in the study. They had received a score of ≥66 on the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire. They were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). The intervention group received two face-to-face counseling sessions based on the BELEF protocol in the 24th and 34th weeks of pregnancy. Between these two sessions, it also received eight telephone-counseling sessions once a week. The control group only received the prenatal routine care. The outcome measures were childbirth fear, childbirth self-efficacy, and childbirth preference.ResultsThe intervention group showed significantly more reduction in childbirth fear and more increase in childbirth self-efficacy compared to the control group. In addition, more women in the intervention group reported that they preferred to give normal vaginal birth than women in the control group.ConclusionThe BELIEF protocol could be an effective approach in reducing childbirth fear and increasing childbirth self-efficacy among first-time pregnant women who are afraid of giving birth.Trial registration numberIRCT20101219005417N3, Date of Registration: 19-12-2018.

Effect of Psychotherapy on Reduction of Fear of Childbirth and Pregnancy Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

IntroductionThe fear of childbirth (FOC) has an adverse effect on the physical and mental health of pregnant women and increases adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Previous research reported the effect of psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapies, and short-term psycho-educational intervention on FOC. We examined whether adding motivational interviewing (MI) psychotherapy to prenatal usual care (PUC) is superior to PUC alone to reduce the scores of FOC, pregnancy stress, and self-efficacy.Materials and MethodsAn RCT with two-arm parallel groups and 1:1 allocation ratio assigned 70 pregnant women (aged 18–50) attending public health centers in an education hospital in Iran to receive five sessions of group MI psychotherapy plus PUC (N = 35) or to receive PUC alone (N = 35). The primary outcomes were the FOC scores (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire, W-DEQ), pregnancy-specific stress (Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, NuPDQ), anxiety (Spielberger state anxiety), and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Index (CBSI) at 5 weeks post-randomization. Additional measures included subscales of the W-DEQ and the NuPDQ, patients’ compliance, and satisfaction with psychotherapy intervention at 5 weeks post-randomization as secondary outcomes.Main ResultsThe post-trial results indicated that the outcome scores diminished more considerably in psychotherapy than in PUC for total FOC scale with a large effect size (B = −23.54, p = < 0.001, η2η2 = 0.27), for total pregnancy stress with a large effect size (B = −4.51, p = < 0.001, η2 = 19), and for state anxiety with a large effect size (B = −12.42, p = < 0.001, η2 = 0.22). However, the score of self-efficacy and concern about physical symptoms did not differ between the psychotherapy and PUC groups (P < 0.05).DiscussionAdding 5 weeks of group psychotherapy to PUC could be considered as an adjunctive care option for reducing FOC, pregnancy stress, and general anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. Future research may focus on sustaining the effects and evaluating the economic impacts of adding psychotherapy to PUC.

Determinants of childbirth self-efficacy among multi-ethnic pregnant women in Singapore: A structural equation modelling approach

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the relationships among sociodemographic and obstetric factors, fear of childbirth, psychosocial well-being and childbirth self-efficacy using a structural equation modelling approach. DesignIt adopted an exploratory cross-sectional study among 205 multi-ethnic pregnant women in Singapore. We used structural equation modelling to examine our hypothetical model, which integrates the concepts of Bandura's self-efficacy theory and previous literature reviews. The Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire and the World Health Organisation (Five) Well-Being Index were employed to measure childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and psychological well-being, respectively. FindingsThe structural equation model showed that multiparous women (β = 0. 24, P < 0.01), with better psychological well-being (β = 0.26, P < 0.001) were more likely to have higher childbirth self-efficacy; whereas Chinese women (β = -0.32, P < 0.01) with previous caesarean section (β = -0.17, P < 0.05) and higher fear of childbirth (β = -0.30, P < 0.001) were more likely to have lower childbirth self-efficacy. The structural equation model had good fit with the data (incremental fit index = 0.925, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.911, comparative fit index = 0.923, and root means square error of approximation = 0.048). ConclusionFindings of this study highlight that ethnic Chinese, multiparous women, previous caesarean section, psychological well-being and fear of childbirth were determinants of childbirth self-efficacy among pregnant women in Singapore. Enhancement of self-efficacy can increase coping ability and reduce fear of childbirth and thus promote normal childbirth. Future self-efficacy enhancing interventions among pregnant women should be tailored by age, ethnicity, parity and prior modes of birth.

Effects of Antenatal Education on Fear of Birth, Depression, Anxiety, Childbirth Self-Efficacy, and Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Pregnant Women: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, depression, anxiety, stress, childbirth self-efficacy, and mode of delivery in primiparous pregnant women. This is a single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial, in which we applied the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. The study was conducted in a city in Turkey's Central Anatolia region, and the data collection process was made between April and September 2019. One hundred and twenty primiparous pregnant women were assigned to either the antenatal education group (n = 60) or the control group (n = 60) via randomized block assignment. A total of 112 women were evaluated at the end of the study. Pregnant women in the antenatal education group were given two 2-hr sessions (240 min) twice a week for 4 weeks. It was found that those in the antenatal education group had less birth fear, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and increased childbirth self-efficacy compared to controls (p < 0.05). Those in the antenatal education group had significantly lower postnatal birth fear, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms compared to controls (p < 0.001). More vaginal births occurred in the antenatal education group compared to controls (p = 0.043). According to the outcome of this evidence-based study: antenatal education has important clinical benefits for women both during pregnancy and in the postpartum period and all pregnant women should receive this education.

Psychosocial predictors of the fear of childbirth in Turkish pregnant women

Introduction Fear of childbirth (FOC) affects women’s emotional health, preparation for birth, and outcomes of birth. Identifying the predictors of FOC can aid in identifying strategies for reducing women’s FOC. Objective This descriptive, cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the psychosocial predictors of FOC in pregnant women. Methods The participants were 624 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women in their last trimester. Data were collected using a personal information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of FOC. Results FOC was high among this study’s participants and severe for one fifth of them. The psychosocial variables predicting FOC were self-efficacy and trait anxiety level, and spousal support was found to be a mediator variable in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. Conclusion The findings suggest that psychosocial variables are key to predicting FOC.

Efficacy of companion-integrated childbirth preparation for childbirth fear, self-efficacy, and maternal support in primigravid women in Malawi

BackgroundIn resource-limited settings, childbirth remains a matter of life and death. High levels of childbirth fear in primigravid women are inevitable. To date, few studies have explored interventions to reduce childbirth fear in primigravid women. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of companion-integrated childbirth preparation (C-ICP) during late pregnancy for reducing childbirth fear and improving childbirth self-efficacy, birth companion support, and other selected pregnancy outcomes in primigravid women.MethodsA quasi-experimental study was carried out using a non-equivalent control group design to recruit a sample of 70 primigravid women in hospital maternity waiting homes in the intervention and control groups, with 35 in each group. The primigravid women and their birth companions in the intervention group received two sessions of companion-integrated childbirth preparation, whereas the control group received routine care. A questionnaire that incorporated the childbirth attitude questionnaire (CAQ), the childbirth self-efficacy inventory (CBSEI), the birth companion support questionnaire (BCSQ), and a review checklist of selected pregnancy outcomes was used to collect data. Pretest and post-test data were analyzed using simple linear regression. Beta coefficients were adjusted at a 95% confidence interval with statistical significance set at a P-value of < 0.05 using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.ResultsAt pretest, mean scores were similar in the intervention and control groups. At post-test, being in the intervention group significantly decreased childbirth fears (β: = − .866, t (68) = − 14.27, p < .001) and significantly increased childbirth self-efficacy (β: = .903, t (68) = 17.30, p < .001). In addition, being in the intervention group significantly increased birth companion support (β: = − 0.781, t (68) = 10.32, p < .001). However, no statistically significant differences regarding pregnancy outcomes were observed between the study groups (Mann–Whiney U test, p > .05).ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that C-ICP is a promising intervention to reduce childbirth fear while increasing childbirth self-efficacy and maternal support. We recommend the inclusion of C-ICP for primigravid women during late pregnancy in resource-limited settings.

Developing Indonesian version of childbirth self-efficacy inventory (Cbsei)-C32

Introduction: Women readiness and self-efficacy for pregnancy and childbirth is an important issue which usually assessed by using CBSEI-32 but currently no evaluation is ever conducted nor Indonesian version of this instrument ever developed to enhance subject understanding. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Indonesian Language version of CBSEI (childbirth self-efficacy inventory) instrument.Method: A quantitative study was conducted by involving 73 pregnant mothers in their trimester III either as the primigravida or as multigravida. The selected respondents are those who lived in the working area or visited several health care centres in the area between July-August 2018. The content validity was tested by using Aiken V analysis and the construct validity was assessed using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test. Finally, the reliability test was conducted using Alpha Cronbach.Result:  Analysis revealed that the Aiken V value of the instrument was in the range of 0.67-1 for the outcome expectancy and 0.75-1 for efficacy expectancy. 16 items in outcome expectancy showed KMO value &gt; 0.5 with MSA value between 0.648-0.957. Meanwhile, 16 questions in efficacy expectancy also had KMO value &gt; 0.5 with a MSA range between 0.798-0.937 respectively. The average values of the instrument validity for the outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy were 0.740 and 0.726 respectively. Finally, Alpha Cronbach value for both outcome expectancy and efficacy expectancy was 0.94.Conclusion: According to the analysis, it can be concluded that CBSEI-C32 in Indonesia language version was valid and reliable instrument to be applied in pregnant mother in Indonesia.Â

Factors associated with Chinese pregnant women's preference for a cesarean section based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Cesarean delivery on maternal request is one of the important public health issues in China. Our study aimed to apply the theory of planned behaviour to comprehensively determine the factors regarding pregnant women's preference for cesarean section and to provide references for establishing measures to reduce cesarean delivery on maternal request. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in four women's and children's hospitals in China from May to June 2018. Eligible women arriving for routine antenatal visits at these hospitals were recruited to answer a structured questionnaire. A total of 1853 pregnant women consented to participate in the investigation, with a response rate of 88.75%. Finally, 1677 pregnant women (984 nulliparae and 693 multiparae) were involved in the analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used. Of the study participants, 20.39% preferred cesarean section. For both nulliparae and multiparae, those who had lower scores of attitudes towards vaginal delivery, lower scores of childbirth self-efficacy and higher scores of subjective norms were more likely to prefer cesarean section. Pregnant women's birth preferences were significantly associated with their attitudes towards the delivery mode, childbirth self-efficacy and subjective norms, which is consistent with the theory of planned behaviour. Interventions to reduce cesarean delivery on maternal request can be developed based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Effects of Antenatal Education on Fear of Birth, Depression, Anxiety, Childbirth Self-efficacy, and Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Pregnant Women

Effects of Antenatal Education on Fear of Birth, Depression, Anxiety, Childbirth Self-efficacy, and Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Pregnant Women

Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Childbirth Expectation of Adolescent Mothers in Indonesia

ABSTRACT To identify a correlation between childbirth self efficacy and childbirth expectation of adolescent mothers in Indonesia, this cross-sectional study applied consecutive sampling. The sample was 135 adolescent mothers. Instruments utilized were structured questionnaire, including a demographic questionnaire, Child Birth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI), Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire (CEQ), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), and London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP). All questionnaires were in Indonesian versions. The correlation of childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth expectation was analyzed using chi-square. Most adolescent mothers had low childbirth self-effication (63.7%). The results showed a significant correlation between childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth expectation of adolescent mothers (p = 0.003, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.126 to 8.544). These results show that special assistance for adolescent mothers in facing childbirth is necessary to improve self-efficacy.

Construir a confiança para o parto: avaliação de um programa de intervenção em enfermagem

Background: The self-efficacy of the woman during labor influences its perception and affects her satisfaction with the childbirth experience. Several studies have shown that childbirth preparation classes need to integrate and reinforce this concept. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the Build Trust to Childbirth programme in the perception of labor self-efficacy of pregnant women. Methodology: Longitudinal, quasi-experimental study, with pre- and post-test with repeated measures. Conducted in an institution of northern Portugal. Sample of 66 pregnant women in the experimental group and 55 in the control group. The Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory was used. Results: The self-efficacy expectations increased very significantly over time in the experimental group (F(1.81; 118) = 37.26; p = 0.000). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups (F(1; 119) = 3.39; p = 0.068). Conclusion: The programme promoted a significant increase in labor self-efficacy of the pregnant woman, with no significant differences with the control group

Prenatal Yoga for Back Pain, Balance, and Maternal Wellness: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.

BackgroundThe objective was to assess the feasibility of a prenatal yoga randomized controlled trial (RCT) for gestational low back pain (LBP), mobility, and maternal well-being.MethodsIn this pilot, women aged 18 to 39 years with uncomplicated pregnancies at 12 to 26 weeks were randomized, stratified by presence of LBP, to attend a weekly yoga class or a time-matched educational support group for 12 weeks. Sample size was based on anticipated enrollment of 2 subjects per month. Primary outcomes were measures of feasibility and acceptability. Secondary outcomes included LBP disability, pregnancy symptom burden, childbirth self-efficacy, instrumented gait, balance, and falls at baseline, every 4 weeks, and 6 weeks postpartum.ResultsFrom April 2015 to December 2015, 168 women were contacted and 115 (68%) were eligible. Twenty women enrolled (N = 11 yoga; N = 9 control; mean gestational age 20.2 weeks). Retention at 12 weeks was 81% in yoga and 77% in control. There were no yoga-related adverse events. Exploratory analyses show no differences in back pain disability between groups. Significant groups effects were found on biomechanical assessments, including percentage change in gait speed (F = 4.4, P = .04), double support time (F = 23.6, P < .01), instrumented timed-up-and-go (F = 8.6, P < .01), and turn time (F = 5.7, P = .02) suggesting clinically relevant improvements with yoga. Pregnancy Symptom Inventory (PSI) scores improved (13.1 point difference, 95% confidence interval, 5.1–21.1) at 12 weeks in yoga compared to control, adjusted for baseline gestational age.ConclusionConducting an RCT of prenatal yoga to improve gestational LBP and maternal well-being is feasible and safe. While no differences in back pain were observed, biomechanical measures were sensitive assessments for evaluating gestational LBP-related mobility impairment and showed group differences. Additionally, the PSI showed significant differences in symptom burden over 12 weeks, supporting the ongoing claims that yoga improves a pregnant woman’s overall well-being.