Childbirth Preparation Research Articles

Evaluating the effect of the initiative 'Caring for the Newborn and the Mother at Home' in Mexico.

The WHO and UNICEF recommend home visits to improve health outcomes for mothers and newborns. We evaluated the effect of home visits by community volunteers during pregnancy and postpartum on breast-feeding practices, women's knowledge about benefits, beliefs and myths of breast-feeding, obstetric and neonatal warning signs, preparation for childbirth and initial care for newborns, and diarrhoea and respiratory diseases in children. Community quasi-experimental design. We estimated difference-in-difference models with fixed effects at the community level weighted by propensity score and investigated implementation barriers through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Poor rural communities in Mexico; 48 intervention and 29 control. Baseline and follow-up information were reported from two independent cross-sectional samples of women with babies aged between 6 and 18 months (baseline: 292 control, 320 intervention; follow-up: 292 control, 294 intervention). The intervention increased reports of exclusive breast-feeding in the first 6 months by 24·4 percentage points (pp) (95 % CI: 13·4, 35·4), mothers' knowledge of obstetric warning signs by 23·4 pp (95 % CI: 9·2, 37·5) and neonatal warning signs by 26·2 pp (95 % CI: 15·2, 37·2) compared to the control group. A non-linear dose-response relation with the number of home visits was found. Diarrhoea and respiratory diseases among children decreased in the intervention v. control group but were not statistically significant. Home visits should be implemented as a complementary strategy to the provision of prenatal and postnatal care in rural communities due to their potential positive effects on the health of mothers and their children.

The Effects of Childbirth Preparation Nursing Intervention Integrating Islamic Praying Program on Duration of Labor and Neonatal Outcomes in Primiparous Muslim Women

Fear and anxiety in labor pain may increase the duration of labor (prolonged labor) and is one of the reasons for cesarean section in first time mothers (primiparous women). Prevention could be implemented through a childbirth preparation program with childbirth education on positioning, breathing, stroking, and Islamic praying conducted from pregnancy until labor room with family support. An experimental study design was conducted with 83 participants randomly assigned into an intervention group (n = 41) and control group (n = 42) to examine the effect of nursing interventions integrating an Islamic praying (CPNsIIIP) program on duration of active phase of labor and neonatal outcomes. The experimental group received the usual care and the program from 32 weeks of pregnancy by providing childbirth education then practice it at home every day until childbirth. In the labor room, the women recited 14 verses of the Quran, stroking, positioning during inter contractions, and just breathing during contractions of the active phase of labor at the Bhinneka Bhakti Husada Hospital and Community Health Center Pamulang, Indonesia. The control group received only the usual care. Duration of labor was measured in minutes, and neonatal outcomes were measured using the APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) scale and complication of fetus after birth by collaborating with doctor. An Independent t-test was conducted to determine the between group effect of the program. Findings showed that duration of the active phase of labor was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group after receiving the program (t = 7.51; p = 0.00) and improved the neonatal outcomes, except for the APGAR scores of the babies; at 1 and 5 min, the experimental group were 8.8 ± 0.4 and 8.79 ± 0.4 (p > .05). The program in this study clearly indicated positive effects on shortening of the active phase of labor, with no complications of neonatal outcomes, in primiparous Muslim women.

Factors Contributing to Iranian Pregnant Women’s Tendency to Choice Cesarean Section

Background: Cesarean section (C-section) not only is associated with health risks for both mother and child, but also is costly. C-section rates are on the rise worldwide. In Iran, it is becoming a major challenge for current population policies. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the main factors of the tendency to C-section in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 320 pregnant women admitted to health centers in Lorestan province (west of Iran) in 2019 are included. Participants were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using a demographic form, the Fear of Pain Questionnaire, and the Knowledge and Attitude about Delivery Methods scale. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression model were employed to analyze the data using the Stata version 14. Results: 48.44% of participants preferred cesarean delivery. The mean scores of fear of pain in the C-section and vaginal delivery groups were 39.98 ± 8.21 and 36 ± 8.62, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P < 0.001). Level of education of the husband (OR = 2.79), income (OR = 5.9), fear of labor pain (OR = 1.04), history of C-section, and improved attitude toward C-section (P < 0.001) were directly associated with increased tendency to C-section (OR = 0.36); in contrast, female gender of the fetus (OR = 0.36), increased BMI (OR = 0.75), and improved attitude toward vaginal delivery were indirectly associated with women’s tendency to C-section. Conclusions: This study showed that while many pregnant women prefer vaginal delivery, the tendency to C-section in Lorestan province is high, which reveals the need to design and implement effective interventions and programs to reduce unnecessary C-section and promote vaginal delivery. Educating families, especially pregnant women, about the advantages and disadvantages of delivery modes, promoting and using new low pain techniques of vaginal delivery, and increasing women’s participation in childbirth preparation programs are effective measures that can reduce the rate of unnecessary C-section.

Not a word about the preparation for childbirth of old, first-pregnant women

It is well known that in old first-born mothers there are often irregularities on the part of forced activity and a slow opening of the uterus is observed due to the tightness of the sleeve part and the stubbornness of the external pharynx.

MODERN CONCEPTS IN REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF INDUCTION OF LABOR

In modern conditions of the development of obstetric science, one of the leading factors ensuring the reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is the solution of the problem of labor disorders by improving knowledge of the biological mechanisms of the birth process. The urgency of the problem of violations of labor is due to the frequency of distribution in the population, reaching 30%. The outcome of childbirth for the mother and fetus depends on the biological readiness of the woman’s body for childbirth. There is no doubt that the study of the mechanisms of preparation for physiological childbirth at the cellular-molecular level can provide important progress in this direction.The aim of research is to determine new mechanisms for regulating the preparation of a pregnant woman’s body for childbirth by studying the influence of hormonal and immunological factors on the maturation of the cervix.Materials and research methods. To achieve the goal, 80 primary pregnant women were examined at 38- 40 weeks of gestation, which, depending on the degree of ripe of the cervix upon admission to the hospital, were divided into the main and control groups. All pregnant women underwent anamnesis collection, a complete clinical and laboratory examination, regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 417 of 15.07.2011. The woman’s body readiness for childbirth was determined taking into account the assessment of the degree of “ripe” of the cervix using the scale proposed by E.H. Bishop. Immunological studies: the concentration of serum relaxin, the content of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9) in the peripheral blood serum were determined. The daily urinary excretion of information biochemical parameters, in particular, hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans, markers of collagen catabolism, was studied. The results were statistically processed on a personal computer using the STATISTICA-6 program.Research results and their discussion. The results of the study make it possible to identify the most significant factors characterizing the processes of preparing the body for childbirth, which include the “labor hormone” relaxin, as well as the immune mechanisms of regulation of the “ripe” of the cervix before childbirth. The data obtained allow us to regard relaxin as a positive regulator of the production of the main types of MMPs that affect type I collagen. Such a positive regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-9 due to increased levels of relaxin may be of unique importance for the development of remodeling processes of the connective tissue of the cervix, as evidenced by the change in the content of markers of metabolic processes in the cervix.Conclusions: Relaxin is an important factor in preparing the body of a pregnant woman for childbirth, due to the regulation of the production of proteolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases, at the end of the gestational process. The investigated factors can be regarded as new markers of the onset of timely physiological labor, as well as the effectiveness of complex therapeutic measures for the induction of labor.

Pregnancy and Lactation Impair Subchondral Bone Leading to Reduced Rat Supraspinatus Tendon-to-Bone Insertion Site Failure Properties.

Pregnant women experience weight gain, gait changes, and biochemical fluctuations that impair joint function and alter the maternal skeleton. Hormonal changes increase pelvic ligament laxity in preparation for childbirth and affect peripheral joint laxity. Calcium demands also rise during pregnancy and lactation, resulting in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and maternal bone loss. Altered tendon properties and bone loss during pregnancy and lactation may impact tendon insertion sites, such as rotator cuff tendons where insertion site ruptures are common. However, the effects of pregnancy and lactation at the tendon-to-bone interface have not been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate supraspinatus tendon mechanical properties and insertion site microstructure during pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning recovery in female rats. We hypothesized that pregnancy and lactation would compromise supraspinatus tendon mechanical properties and subchondral bone microstructure. Female rats were divided into virgin, pregnancy, lactation, and recovery groups, and supraspinatus tendons were mechanically evaluated. Surprisingly, tendon mechanics was unaffected by pregnancy and lactation. However, tendon modulus decreased two-weeks postweaning. Additionally, tendons failed by bony avulsion at the insertion site, and the lactation group exhibited reduced failure properties corresponding to decreased subchondral bone mineralization. Lactation also resulted in dramatic bone loss at the epiphysis, but trabecular bone microarchitecture recovered postweaning. In conclusion, lactation following pregnancy impaired trabecular bone microstructure and subchondral bone mineralization, leading to reduced supraspinatus tendon-to-bone insertion site failure properties. These findings will contribute toward understanding the pathogenesis of tendon-to-bone disorders.

Factors associated with women's satisfaction during labor

Labor is a critical time for women and newborns. Every day in 2017, approximately 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Many studies revealed that labor care satisfaction is a critical point of intervention to eliminate the high maternal mortality rate. Thus, the Aim of this research was to assess factors associated with women's satisfaction during labor. A descriptive research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 384 women in labor was chosen from El-Shatby Maternity Hospital affiliated to Alexandria University. Tools: A socio-demographic and reproductive history interview schedule and the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) were used. Results: the study revealed that 57% of the studied women had low satisfaction level. Significant correlations (0.01) were observed among satisfaction level and age, education, occupation, income and residence. Significant correlations (0.01) were observed among satisfaction level and number of gravidity, parity, abortion and type of delivery. Conclusion: more than half (57 %) of the study subjects had low satisfaction level. Many factors were associated with women's satisfaction during labor especially elect the place of birth, birth environment, sufficient support, staff communication, coping during labor, feeling in control, preparation for childbirth, relationship with baby and stress experienced during labor. Those factors are important indicators to improve women satisfaction during labor experience. Recommendation: midwifery care staff need to fully understand woman's expectations for their care, and provide care that is consistent with those expectations.

Vaccination attitude assessment among attendees the birthing preparation course: a pre-post study

Abstract Background Vaccinations are among the most effective and safe ways to prevent the spreading and the complications of infectious diseases. In order to reduce risks and to protect children from the early beginning of their life, most vaccinations are recommended within the 15th month of life. In Italy, the law provides 10 compulsory vaccinations to the 0-16 age group. A training program was carried on by a Public Health specialist during the birthing preparation course, aimed at increasing the attitude to vaccination in maternal-child age. Methods A training session in the birthing preparation course was specifically carried out to raise awareness about vaccination during both pregnancy and puerperium and in early childhood; a questionnaire on vaccination awareness was administered before and after the training session. Results Out of 119 pregnant women attended the birthing preparation course from October 2019 to January 2020. As a result of the interventions, the percentage of the participants who consider the preparatory course a useful tool to obtain information about vaccines increases significantly from 30.34% pre-intervention to 64.56% post-intervention (p < 0.001). There is a significant increase in the mean number of vaccinations that the participants want their children to get, out of the 12 vaccinations proposed in the questionnaire: 9.68/12 pre-intervention versus 10.57/12 post-intervention (p = 0.021). Participants supporting the mandatory vaccinations are 96.04% pre-intervention and rise to 98.73% post-intervention. Conclusions Attitude and knowledge related to vaccination are crucial values for maternal-child health: they significantly increased after a training session dedicated to vaccination as a part of the pregnant pre-birth course, whose aim can be therefore extended to the management of the health of the child, well beyond the period of pregnancy, labor and childbirth, according the life-course approach to health, from the Public Health perspective. Key messages The childbirth preparation courses for pregnant should be valuable as a precious opportunity to raise parents’ awareness and their attitude to vaccinations, if dedicated sessions are included in them. The mandatory nature of vaccines is very well received by pregnant women.

Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in Roma and non-Roma population in Serbia

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for early childhood development, although the use of adaptive milk formulas instead of breastfeeding is widespread nowadays. This study examined the prevalence of exclusively breastfed infants under the age of 6 months in non-Roma and Roma population and factors associated with this practice. Material and Methods This study is a secondary analysis of the Serbian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey investigating non-Roma and Roma infants under the age of 6 months. The study included mothers of 321 non-Roma and 164 Roma infants younger than 6 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression served to analyze factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Results The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was almost the same among mothers in both non-Roma and Roma population (13.3% vs. 13%). Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly more often (p < 0.001) among wealthier women, multipara, and women who had not established menstrual cycle among both populations. Unexpectedly, in the non-Roma population, not staying in the same room with the newborn in the maternity ward increases the chance for the baby to be exclusively breastfed (OR 7.19, CI 95% 1.80-28.68). The same pattern has been observed in Roma population. Non-Roma mothers multipara are more likely to exclusively breastfeed their children than primipara (OR 7.78, CI 95% 1.09-20.93), while among Roma mothers, the inverse association has been found although not significant. Attending a childbirth preparation program more than 18 times increases the chances of infants being exclusively breastfed (OR 18.65, CI 95% 1.34-53.67). In the Roma population, there was no single woman that attended a childbirth preparation program. Conclusions The pattern of exclusive breastfeeding significantly differs between non-Roma and Roma populations. Preventive work should have a focus on strengthening support to mothers and medical staff in maternity wards. Key messages Understanding the predictors of exclusive breastfeeding can help in the process of creating health promotion programs that lead to more infants exclusively breastfed according to the WHO guidelines. Decision-makers and public health authorities should acknowledge the existing breastfeeding problems.

Комплексна фізична та психоемоційна підготовка жінок до пологів з ризиком переношування

Мета. Розробити комплексну програму фізичної та психологічної реабілітації у комплексній підготовці жінок до пологів із ризиком переношування. Методи. Аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури, ретроспективний аналіз пологів у жінок з переношуванням за останні п ять років за матеріалами акушерських клінік ДУ «ІПАГ ім. акад. О. М. Лук’янової НАМН України». Наявність та вираженість токофобії вивчализа допомогою тесту «Тест відносин вагітної І. В. Добрякова», який дозволяє сприймативагітність як єдність організму та особистості. Даний тест вміщує три блоки тверджень,які відображають: а) ставлення жінки до себе вагітної; б) ставлення жінки до формуючоїсистеми «мати–дитя»; в) ставлення вагітної до того, як до неї ставляться оточуючі. Укожному блоці є три розділи, в яких є шкала з різними поняттями, які відображають п’ятьрізних типів психологічного компонента гестаційної домінанти (ПКГД), яка є сукупністюмеханізмів психічної саморегуляції, які з’являються у жінки при настанні вагітності таспрямовані на збереження сприятливих умов для розвитку майбутньої дитини, а такожна формування відповідного ставлення жінки до своєї вагітності. Результати. Обстежено 51 жінку: до I групи (основна) віднесено жінок групи ризику щодо переношування, які отримували розроблену програму реабілітації (n = 22); до II групи (порівняння) увійшли жінки групи ризику щодо переношування без проведення реабілітаційних заходів (n = 18); до III групи увійшли жінки з фізіологічним перебігом вагітності (n = 11). Встановлено, що вагітні із низьким рівнем психологічного компоненту гестаційної домінанти та високим рівнем тривожності становлять групу ризику щодо розвитку ускладнень під час пологів. Обґрунтовано доцільність включення до системи антенатального нагляду комплексної фізичної та психоемоційної підготовки до пологів жінкам з ризиком переношування з метою своєчасного позитивного закінчення вагітності та народження дітей без ознак переношування з високою оцінкою за шкалою Апгар. Висновки. Зазначено, що до комплексу допологової підготовки жінок із ризиком переношування необхідно включати лікувально-фізичні вправи, прогулянки, поєднувати аутотренінг і релаксацію, дихальну гімнастику з метою підвищення самооцінки, формування навичок самоконтролю, а також зниження частоти перинатальних ускладнень. Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати запропонований реабілітаційний комплекс для впровадження в практику фізичної та реабілітаційної медицини.

KECEMASAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III SETELAH MENONTON VIDEO PERSALINAN NORMAL DAN DIBERIKAN TEKNIK HYPNOBIRTHING

Abstract : In terms of psychological, anxiety in pregnant women can affect the process of delivery and quality of babies to be born, so if not treated can cause various complications. The best way to overcome that problem is by watching normal birth videos and hypnobirthing techniques. The aim of this research is to know the difference of anxiety of trimester pregnant woman after watching normal delivery video and given hypnobirthing technique. This type of research is quasi experiment with nonequivalent time sample design method. The population used were all primigravida trimester III mothers as many as 30 respondents who divided as many as 15 respondents in Puskesmas Kandang and 15 respondents in working area of Padang Serai Public Health Center. Sampling technique in this study was taken in total sampling. Univariate analysis results obtained the average anxiety before and after watching the birth video is 31.87 and 15.73. The average anxiety before and after given hypnobirthing technique is 32,07 and 26,33. The result of bivariate analysis shows that p-value = 0,000 <0,05, meaning that there is a significant difference on the average anxiety of pregnant mother of trimester III after watching normal delivery video with hypnobirthing technique. Multivariate results obtained p-value> 0.05 means confounding factors in the form of age, education, and work does not affect the anxiety of pregnant women third trimester. It is expected that the puskesmas can work together with health agencies to be able to provide intervention in the form of watching the birth video in order to reduce the anxiety of primigravida mother in preparation for childbirth later.Keywords : Anxiety, Childbirth Video, Hypnobirthing Technique

Fear of childbirth, anxiety and depression in three groups of primiparous pregnant women not attending, irregularly attending and regularly attending childbirth preparation classes

BackgroundLack of knowledge and fear of the unknown during pregnancy and childbirth make mothers fearful, worried, and anxious. Maternal fear and anxiety can lead to problems such as preterm childbirth and low birth weight. Increasing women’s knowledge through prenatal education can prepare them for childbirth and improve their health. The present study was conducted to compare fear of childbirth, anxiety and depression during pregnancy in three groups of primiparous pregnant women who were either not attending, irregularly attending, or regularly attending childbirth preparation classes.MethodsA total of 204 primiparous pregnant women attending health centers in Tabriz, Iran, were selected by cluster sampling and assigned to the following three groups: Not attending, irregularly attending (attending one to three sessions of classes) and regularly attending (attending four to eight sessions of classes). Childbirth fear, pregnancy anxiety and depression questionnaires were completed for them through interviews. The general linear model was used to compare their fear of childbirth and prenatal anxiety and depression.ResultsAccording to the general linear model, the scores of fear of childbirth (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001) and depression (p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the group of pregnant women regularly attending the classes compared to the non-attending group of women. No significant differences were observed between the regularly-attending and irregularly-attending groups in terms of fear of childbirth (p = 0.066), anxiety (p = 0.078), and depression (p = 0.128).ConclusionPrenatal training can reduce fear, anxiety and depression in primiparous women. Incorporating such training into prenatal care helps improve maternal health.

Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran.

The rate of Caesarean section (CS) without medical indication has increased markedly worldwide in the past decades. This study reports the incidence of CS and identifies the determinants of elective and emergency CS as separate pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Iranian women. Mothers (n = 700) of healthy, full-term infants were recruited from five maternity hospitals in Shiraz. The association between maternal socio-demographic and biomedical factors with mode of delivery was explored using multivariable, multinomial logistic regression. Most mothers underwent either an elective (35.4%) or emergency (34.7%) CS. After adjustment, women were more likely to deliver by elective CS than vaginally if they were older (≥30 year) compared to younger mothers (<25 year) (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) 2.22; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28, 3.84), and had given birth at a private hospital (RRR 3.64; 95% CI 1.79, 7.38). Compared to those educated to primary or lower secondary level, university educated women were more likely to have undergone an elective (RRR 2.65; 95% CI 1.54, 4.58) or an emergency CS (RRR 3.92; 95% CI 2.27, 6.78) than a vaginal delivery. Similarly, overweight or obese women were more likely than healthy weight women to have undergone an elective (RRR 1.91; 95% CI 1.27, 2.87) or an emergency CS (RRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35, 3.02) than a vaginal delivery. Specialist education of obstetricians and midwives along with financial incentives paid to private hospitals to encourage natural delivery may help in the reduction of unnecessary CS in Iran. In addition, to increase their childbirth knowledge and self-efficacy, pregnant women need to have the opportunity to attend purposefully designed antenatal childbirth preparation classes where they receive evidence-based information on natural childbirth and alternative methods of pain control, as well as the risks and indications for CS.

Surprising Differences in the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Non-Roma and Roma Population in Serbia.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for early childhood development, although the use of adaptive milk formulas instead of breastfeeding is widespread nowadays. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exclusively breastfed infants under the age of 6 months in non-Roma and Roma population and factors associated with this practice.Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the Serbian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey investigating non-Roma and Roma infants under the age of 6 months. The study included mothers of 321 non-Roma and 164 Roma infants younger than 6 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression served to analyze factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in both populations.Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was almost the same among mothers in both non-Roma and Roma population (13.3 vs. 13%, p = 0.910). Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly more often (p < 0.001) among wealthier women, women whose newborns were over 2,500 g on birth, multipara, and women who had not established menstrual cycle among both populations. Living outside the capital significantly diminishes the chance for exclusively breastfed infants in the non-Roma community (Vojvodina: OR 0.16, CI 95% 0.03–0.92; eastern Serbia: OR 0.02, CI 95% 0.01–0.35) as well as living in the rural area (urban: OR 10.35, CI 95% 1.94–55.28). Unexpectedly, in the non-Roma population, not staying in the same room with the newborn in the maternity ward increases the chance for the baby to be exclusively breastfed (OR 7.19, CI 95% 1.80–28.68). The same pattern has been observed in Roma population. Non-Roma mothers multipara are more likely to exclusively breastfeed their children than primipara (OR 7.78, CI 95% 1.09–20.93), while among Roma mothers, the inverse association has been found although not significant (OR 0.42, CI 95% 0.14–1.23). Attending a childbirth preparation program more than 18 times increases the chances of infants being exclusively breastfed (OR 18.65, CI 95% 1.34–53.67). In the Roma population, there was no single woman that attended a childbirth preparation program.Conclusion: The pattern of exclusive breastfeeding significantly differs between non-Roma and Roma populations. Preventive work should have focus on strengthening support to mothers and medical staff in maternity wards.

Relationship Between Pregnant Women's Participation in Pregnant Women's Class With Ready to Face Delivery in Practice of Nurmala Midwives, Talawi District, Batu Bara Regency 2020

Maternal and fetal deaths often result not from technical incompetence or negligence, but also from a lack of maternal health education about childbirth. The limited knowledge of primigravida mothers about childbirth affects mothers in facing childbirth. This research is an analytic survey research with a cross sectional design approach. The study was conducted in the practice of midwife Nurmala, Talawi sub-district, Batubara district in 2020. The research population was 78 people, with a total sample of 44 respondents. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square. The results of statistical tests using the chi square test, obtained the calculation results of p value = 0.000 less than 0.05, then Ha is accepted. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the participation of pregnant women in the class of pregnant women and readiness to face childbirth in the practice of midwives, Nurmala, Talawi sub-district, Batubara district in 2020. It is recommended that health workers improve health services, especially for pregnant women to participate in mother class activities by activating maternal class services by midwives. village and cooperation with cadres, village officials, improve the quality of the implementation of maternal classes with the addition of mother classes in the village and can be used as one of the information materials in the context of preparing planning for handling anxiety for pregnant women, in particular in preparation for childbirth.

Parents who have received ‘psycho-prophylaxis training’ during pregnancy and their experience of childbirth - An interview study highlighting the experiences of both parents

ABSTRACT Background: The form of parental support during pregnancy is constantly changing due to developments in society. ‘Psycho-prophylaxis training’ is a form of parental support used in preparation for childbirth. Only a few studies describe the childbirth experience of both the parents. The aim was to interview parents receiving ‘psycho-prophylaxis training’ during pregnancy and to elucidate their experience of childbirth. Method: A total of 22 open interviews were conducted with 11 expectant mothers and their 11 partners. Analysis of the interviews was performed using the content analysis method. Results: Three categories emerged in the manifest phase. ‘To gain security from knowledge and focus on breathing and relaxation’, ‘The couple’s sense of proximity and the team collaboration with the maternity staff’ and ‘Meeting pain’. Two themes emerged during the latent analysis of which one was,” Participation gave a sense of security” and the other was ‘Manageability’. Conclusion: Knowledge about childbirth and the ability, by the mother, to use various breathing techniques seemed to help both parents, as it made both of them feel that they were themselves involved in the process.

A qualitative study of childbirth fear and preparation among primigravid women: The blind spot of antenatal care in Lilongwe, Malawi

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore childbirth fear and childbirth preparation among primigravid women in the late pregnancy from 36 to 40 weeks gestation. MethodsWe purposively recruited 18 primigravid women into in-depth interviews, 21 birth companions, and 13 health workers into focus group discussions. Participants were recruited from two community hospitals’ maternity waiting homes in Lilongwe, Malawi. Semi-structured interview guides were used to collect data that were analyzed using content analysis. NVivo11 computer software was used to organize the data. ResultsThe four categories developed were: “ambivalent pregnancy feelings” , “dependence on traditional childbirth counseling” ,“inadequate prenatal childbirth instruction” and “inconsistent roles of a birth companion” . The findings suggest that primigravid women who were mainly exposed to traditional childbirth mentoring rather than professional care providers, experienced childbirth fear, and lacked proper psychosocial childbirth preparation. ConclusionsChildbirth fear among primigravid women emanate from personal; family; ineffective traditional counseling; and inadequate antenatal childbirth instruction. Birth companions may increase childbirth stress. However, our findings highlight birth companions as readily available psychosocial support resources among primigravid women. We recommend that professional childbirth instruction during antenatal care should be strengthened to surpass traditional childbirth counseling. Appropriateness and effectiveness of birth companions need to be carefully assessed.

Potentially traumatic events, fear of childbirth and posttraumatic stress disorder during pregnancy in Stockholm, Sweden: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), fear of childbirth (FOC), and support for it as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among pregnant women attending maternal care in Stockholm, Sweden. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Pregnant women attending lectures in preparation for childbirth at the major hospitals in Stockholm were asked to complete questionnaires anonymously. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of PTEs, FOC, support for FOC and PTSD. ResultsOne thousand one hundred fifty-seven women in late pregnancy attending lectures in preparation for childbirth at hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, were asked to participate, 945 chose to participate, resulting in a response rate of 81.7 percent. Most pregnant women, 78.5 percent (95% confidence interval (CI) 75.6–81.3), reported having experienced at least one PTE. The prevalence of having experienced different types of violence is presented. FOC was found among 28.8 percent (95% CI 25.7–32.0) of pregnant women, while only 10.9 percent (95% CI 10.5–11.2) received support for FOC. The prevalence of current PTSD was 4.1 percent (95% CI 2.8–5.8). ConclusionsThe majority of pregnant women had experienced PTEs, and experiences of violence were common, as was FOC. Approximately one in 25 women attending general maternal care in Stockholm, Sweden, was estimated to have current PTSD. This highlights the need to prevent violence, find pregnant women suffering from FOC or PTSD, to develop an evidence-based treatment for FOC and to provide such treatment for PTSD.

Gestação e exercício físico:recomendações, cuidados e prescrição

Com o avanço do conhecimento científico acerca dos benefícios da prática de exercício físico para a população humana, vem aumentando cada vez o número de praticantes em todas as faixas etárias e populações em diversos estados clínicos ou situações. As atividades físicas vêm sendo amplamente procuradas por indivíduos do sexo feminino como garantia de longevidade, manutenção da saúde e melhora da qualidade de vida. Tais benefícios somente são pronunciados quando a atividade física é realizada de forma regular, contínua e ao longo da vida, portanto é comum mulheres em período gestacional manterem-se ativas para melhor adaptação fisiológica e preparo geral para o parto saudável. A gestação é uma fase de adaptações morfofuncionais e psicoemocionais para a mulher. Dentro da perspectiva científica obteve-se a seguinte pergunta norteadora: Quais as adaptações inerentes ao organismo da mulher grávida e os principais benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico durante este processo? Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura conceitos sobre a atividade física e condição gestacional. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de literatura narrativa consultando livros e artigos científicos, sintetizando resultados e respondendo perguntas através de leitura exploratória, e finalmente encontrando resultados e validade das conclusões. Foram descritas as adaptações morfofuncionais durante a gestação, os benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico, bem como as principais recomendações e cuidados na prescrição e supervisão de programas de condicionamento físico para mulher que vivencia esta fase da vida.

Pengaruh Prenatal Care Yoga Terhadap Kesiapan Fisik Dan Psikologis Ibu Menghadapi Persalinan di Puskesmas Putri Ayu Kota Jambi

Abstract During pregnancy there will be changes in the entire body system of the mother both physically and psychologically, it can make discomfort very disturbing during the process of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. A comfortable pregnancy process without physical complaints and a smooth and easy delivery process can be supported by paying attention to 3 main aspects of pregnancy, namely the Balance of the Womb, muscles and pelvis. Prenatal Gentle Yoga helps mothers re-realize and recognize physical and psychological changes during pregnancy, and make communication and bonding with babies much closer. Prenatal Gentle Yoga is expected to help mothers prepare physically and psychologically for mothers in facing labor. Research to determine the effect of Prenatal Care Yoga on Physical and Psychological Preparation of Mothers Childbirth. It is expected that all pregnant women can adapt to the Physical and Psychological Preparations of Women Childbirth. This study uses analytic design to determine the effect of Prenatal Care Yoga on Physical and Psychological Preparation of Mothers Childbirth. The study population was third trimester pregnant women who came to the Putri Ayu Health Center. The research sample was taken using a total sampling technique of 32 quota people. This research was carried out in February 2019 at the Puskesmas Putri Ayu Kota Jambi. There was a significant effect between prenatal care yoga on the physical and psychological readiness of mothers in facing labor, namely p-value &lt;0,000 (95% CI). There is the effect of prenatal care yoga practice on physical and psychological readiness of mothers in facing labor.