Mother-child Birth Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of Digera muricata (L.)

Digera muricata (L.) Mart belonging to the Pigweed family that is the Amaranthaceae. These are commonly known as “False Amaranth” or “Tartara”. It is an annual medicinal herb native to Egypt to E. Kenya and Malesia. In India it is found throughout states as a weed. It is traditionally folk system of medicine. D.muricata (L.) Mart is a medicinal plant use as cooling agent and astringent in Ayurveda. D. muricata (L.) Mart is pharmacologically known for it's Antimicrobial, Antibacterial,Antifungal, Antidiabetic, Anti-fertility, Antioxidant ,Anticancer, Antileishmanial, Antitesticular, Prophylactic agent, Allopathic and Protective effect. It also used in Nephrotoxicity, laxative, diuretic, treat renal disorder, and prevent pus formation locally. Boiled root infusion of D. muricata (L.) Mart is used in mother child birth for lactation purpose. The phytochemical screening of D. muricata (L.) Mart revealed the presence of various primary metabolite such a Proteins, Carbohydrates, Chlorophylls, Amino acids, Reducing sugars, Lipids and Secondary metabolite such as Phenols, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins,Cardiac glycosides, Anthraquinone. It also contains an Alpha and beta Spinosterol,Rutin, Vitamins like Ascorbic acid, Thiamine, Riboflavin also Enzymes superoxide, Peroxidase. It contains a mineral such as K>Ca>Mg>Na>P>Fe>Zn>Cu.

Pengaruh Self Efficacy Terhadap Jenis Persalinan pada Ibu Bersalin di RSUD Sultan Suriansyah Banjarmasin

Self Efficacy is the expectation of how far a person is able to perform a behavior in a given situation. Strong Self efficacy is very beneficial for maternity mothers so that it can affect the smooth delivery process. Normal and abnormal childbirth both have a great influence on the birth of a baby. Analyze the effect of self-efficacy on the type of childbirth in maternity mothers at Sultan Suriansyah Hospital Banjarmasin. Quantitative research using cross sectional approach. The population and sample of the study were 40 maternity mothers with purposive sampling techniques. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire whose results are analyzed using the Chi Square Test. Respondents with low self-efficacy had more abnormal labors, which were 9 people (22.5%). Similarly, in respondents with high self-efficacy, 16 people (40%) experienced abnormal labor. The results of the chi square test show a p value of 0.477. There is no effect of self-efficacy on the type of childbirth in maternity mothers at RSUD Sultan Suriansyah Banjarmasin.

The comparison of the effect of non-pharmacological pain relief and pharmacological analgesia with remifentanil on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression: a randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionChildbirth may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional effects and provide the background for women’s health or illness throughout their life. This research aimed at comparing the impact of non-pharmacological pain relief and pharmacological analgesia with remifentanil on childbirth fear and postpartum depression.Materials and methodThis randomized clinical trial with two parallel arms was conducted on 66 women with term pregnancy referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tabriz for vaginal delivery during September 2022 to September 2023. First, all of the eligible participants were selected through Convenience Sampling. Then, they were randomly assigned into two groups of pharmacological analgesia with remifentanil and non-pharmacological analgesia with a ratio of 1:1 using stratified block randomization based on the number of births. Before the intervention, fear of childbirth (FOC) was measured using Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) between 4 and 6 cm cervical dilatation. Pain and fear during labor in dilatation of 8 cm were measured in both groups using VAS and DFS. After delivery, FOC was assessed using Delivery Fear Scale (W DEQ Version B) and postpartum depression using the Edinburgh’s postpartum depression scale (EPDS). Significance level was considered 0.05. Mean difference (MD) was compared with Independent T-test and ANCOVA pre and post intervention.ResultsThe mean score of FOC in the non-pharmacological analgesia group was significantly lower than that in the pharmacological analgesia group after the intervention by controlling the effect of the baseline score (MD: -6.33, 95%, Confidence Interval (CI): -12.79 to -0.12, p = 0.04). In the postpartum period, the mean score of FOC in the non-pharmacological analgesia group was significantly lower than that in the pharmacological analgesia group after controlling the effect of the baseline score (MD: -21.89; 95% CI: -35.12 to -8.66; p = 0.002). The mean score of postpartum depression in the non-pharmacological analgesia group was significantly lower than that in the pharmacological analgesia group (MD: -1.93, 95% CI: -3.48 to -0.37, p = 0.01). Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20170506033834N10. Date of registration: 05/07/2022 Date of first registration: 05/07/2022. URL: https://www.irct.ir/trial/61030; Date of recruitment start date05/07/2022.ConclusionThe study results indicated a reduction in FOC and postpartum depression among parturient women receiving non-pharmacological strategies with active participation in childbirth compared to women receiving pharmacological analgesia. Owing to the possible side effects of pharmacological methods for mother and fetus, non-pharmacological strategies with active participation of the mother in childbirth are recommended to reduce the FOC and postpartum depression.

Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine after childbirth for mothers with symptoms of prenatal depression: randomised clinical trial

ObjectiveTo determine whether a single low dose of esketamine administered after childbirth reduces postpartum depression in mothers with prenatal depression.DesignRandomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with two parallel arms.SettingFive tertiary...

Psycho-emotional state during pregnancy and one year after childbirth in mothers of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders

Aim. To determine the relationship between the incidence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children up to 1 year of age and the psycho-emotional state of their mothers during pregnancy and after childbirth.
 Materials and methods. A survey of 1203 mothers of children under 4 years of age was conducted using a questionnaire of functional gastrointestinal disorders according to the Rome IV criteria (2016). The questionnaire contained domains on general issues (the age of the mother at the time of the child's birth, the data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, the type of child's nutrition at the time of the survey), psycho-emotional state (retrospectively, the psychological component of the gestational dominant – PСGD – during pregnancy, Beck's anxiety and Beck's depression questionnaires) and questions on functional disorders in infants and young children.
 Results. Questionnaires of 487 mothers of children of the 1st year of life were analyzed. Only in 34.4% of cases, mothers' responses lacked anxious and depressive PCGD. In mothers with anxious PСGD, the risk of regurgitation in their children was statistically significantly 2-fold higher compared to mothers with depressive PСGD. In mothers with optimal PСGD, the rate of colic in their children was statistically significantly 2-fold lower compared to mothers with anxious and depressive PСGD. After childbirth, anxiety was noted in 17% mothers and signs of depression in 59% mothers. Significant and severe depression was diagnosed in 10% mothers; the children of these mothers had persistent regurgitation.. In the absence of depression in mothers, the probability of no regurgitation and colic in their children was statistically significantly 2-fold higher compared to the children of mothers with depression.
 Conclusion. The incidence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a child up to 1 year of age is associated with maternal anxiety during pregnancy and maternal depression after childbirth.

Perinatal depression trajectories and child development at one year: a study in China

BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to investigate the correlation between trajectories of maternal perinatal depression (PND) spanning from early pregnancy to one year postpartum and developmental delays observed in one-year-old children.MethodsThe dataset under examination encompassed 880 women who took part in a mother-child birth study conducted in China. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was employed to identify patterns in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores of women, spanning from early pregnancy to one year postpartum. To assess the neurodevelopment of one-year-old children, a Chinese version of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-CR) was employed. Logistic regression was employed to explore the association between PND trajectories and developmental delays in children, with appropriate covariate adjustments.ResultsThe trajectories of maternal PND identified in this study included a minimal-stable symptom group (n = 155), low-stable symptom group (n = 411), mild-stable symptom group (n = 251), and moderate-stable symptom group (n = 63). Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers falling into the moderate-stable symptom group exhibited a notably heightened risk of having a child with psychomotor developmental delays at the age of one year.ConclusionsThe findings drawn from a representative sample in China provide compelling empirical evidence that bolsters the association between maternal PND and the probability of psychomotor developmental delays in children. It is imperative to develop tailored intervention strategies and meticulously design mother-infant interactive intervention programs for women with PND.

Longitudinal effects of maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology on child hair cortisol and cortisone from pregnancy to 5-years: The EDEN mother-child cohort

Exposure to maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology in utero and after birth can affect child outcomes. One proposed mechanism is through changes in child stress hormone levels, however current studies present inconsistent findings, and further research is needed to better understand the impact of maternal mental health on child stress response. This study aims to add to the limited literature by analysing longitudinal data ranging from 24 weeks amenorrhea to 5 years postpartum among 281 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN mother-child birth cohort. Hair cortisol and cortisone data were collected from children at four time points: birth, 1, 3, and 5 years. Mothers reported depressive symptomatology via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) (at 24-weeks amenorrhea, 3-, and 5-year follow-up), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (at 4, 8 and 12 months postpartum). Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was measured via the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at 24 weeks amenorrhea. Group-based trajectory modelling indicated a 1-cluster classification of longitudinal child hair cortisol, cortisone and cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, as analyses did not reveal a classification by subgroups representing different child profiles. After inverse probability weighting, small effects showed prenatal depressive symptomatology was significantly associated to higher levels of child hair cortisone at one year. Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was significantly linked to higher levels of child cortisol measured at birth and cortisone at birth and at 1 year. Postpartum depressive symptomatology at 8 months was related to higher levels of cortisone among 3-year-olds. These effects were not moderated by child sex or maternal socio-economic status. Further research is needed to understand why there are associations at some time points and not others to determine any potential buffering factors.

Breastfeeding and the Return to Work after Childbirth of New Mothers: Evidence from a Baby Formula Scare

Breastfeeding and the Return to Work after Childbirth of New Mothers: Evidence from a Baby Formula Scare

Пренатальні, перинатальні та неонатальні фактори ризику народження дітей з епілептичними енцефалопатіями

The negative impact of perinatal factors on the brain can play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of epileptic seizures in young children and the development of epileptic encephalopathies (EE). Purpose - to study the characteristics of the course of the prenatal and neonatal periods in young children with EE for the further formation of risk groups of children who need active monitoring. Materials and methods. An analysis of prenatal and neonatal features of anamnesis of 157 children with EE and their mothers was carried out. The children were divided into 3 groups: the Group I - children with EE who had the debut of epileptic seizures before the age of 1 year (n=75); the Group II - children with EE who had the debut of epileptic seizures after the age of 1 year (n=44); the Group III - children with epileptiform and developmental encephalopathies (EDE) (n=38). Results. The course of pregnancy in mothers of children with EDE is characterized by a high frequency of early gestosis, the threat of abortion in the second half of pregnancy and polyhydramnios (28.9%, 31.6%, 23.7%, respectively). Some (31.6%) of children with EDE were born prematurely, 21.1% by emergency caesarean section. Childbirth in mothers of children with EDE was characterised by a pathological course (44.7%), weakness of labor activity and prolonged dehydration (36.8% and 28.9%, respectively), and the birth of a child with distress (21.1%). The course of the neonatal period in children with EDE was characterized by a higher frequency of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (23.7%) than in children with other forms of EE. In children of the Group I, syndromes of motor disorders (20.0%) and muscle hypotonia (17.3%) were more often observed. Conclusions. Aggravating factors of obstetric-gynecological and somatic anamnesis in women, and the course of prenatal and neonatal periods of life, which can act as a basis for the formation of EE and EDE in children, have been established. Among them are preeclampsia, placental pathology, changes in the amount of amniotic fluid during pregnancy, pathological childbirth, central nervous system depression syndrome and convulsive syndrome in infants. The obtained data will contribute to the formation of high-risk groups of children who need active monitoring. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

NARRATIVES AND RITUALS: THE INHERITANCE CONTEXT OF DAI EPICS

The Dai ethnic group in China boasts a rich tradition of poetry and folk narratives, often closely intertwined with folk ritual activities. Behind these folk events, there are usually the associated explanatory text. This paper is based on field research data collected from 2008 to 2016, including interviews with the local people, tracking folk events, and understanding narrative texts. Three cases were selected from the data to elaborate on the relationship between rituals and narratives. The first case is wedding, the pickled fish jars in the betrothal ceremony could be explained in the narrative poem “A-Luang Basom” and the ritual of Crossing-the-Bridge during weddings simulates the typical scene of a hero's return and marriage as portrayed in the A-Luang story. The second case is funeral, where people often transcribe and recite the scripture “Ga Po” to express gratitude for the mother's childbirth. The third case involves the dedication of narratives “Ya Huanhao” or “Bu Huanhao” in Buddhist temples, narrating the story of the struggle between the rice sprite and the Buddha. The ritual of summoning “Ya Huanhao” or “Bu Huanhao” reflects deep respect for the rice sprite. Through these analyses, it becomes evident that folk narratives serve as interpretations of folk rituals. Different rituals, in turn, provide the context for the practice and transmission of narratives. Narratives and rituals complement each other, reflecting the Dai people's profound understanding of traditional poetry.

Labor pain management practices and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The pain that women experience during labor and childbirth is the central feature of parturition in humans. Despite improvement in the development of standards for pain assessment and treatment, labor pain is mostly ignored especially in low- and middle-income countries resulting in unmeasured suffering from childbirth for mothers. We aimed to provide a comprehensive estimation of the pooled magnitude and associated factors of labor pain management practices in Ethiopian public health facilities. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched from database inception to June 30, 2023. The inclusion criteria were established prior to article review and follows the population, intervention, comparison and outcome criterions. We evaluated publication bias by means of funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics. For each associated factors in meta-regressions, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted. A P value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance of the small study effect. Our search terms yielded 17 studies with 5735 participants. The pooled prevalence of labor pain management practices in Ethiopia was 45.73% (95% CI: 39.13, 52.32; I2 = 96.4). Having adequate knowledge regarding labor pain management (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 2.74, 5.11; I2 = 53.8%), a favorable attitude toward labor pain management (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.03, 4.14; I2 = 63.8%), availability of labor analgesics (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.18, 4.79; I2 = 46.2%), and clinical experience of 10 or more years (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 2.06, 5.78; I2 = 19.0%) were factors that were statistically associated with the use of labor pain management practices. We concluded that the routine practices of labor pain management by obstetric health providers in Ethiopia are still low. Therefore, it remains important to call for holistic and inclusive interventions targeting maternity health providers and hospital officials to update their long-standing practices. Registered in PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42023429140.

PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES OF URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS

PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES OF URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS

INFLUENCE OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STRESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND CHILDBIRTH ON THE CONDITION OF THE NEWBORN DURING MILITARY AGGRESSION

The article presents a comprehensive review of the consequences of psycho- emotional stress associated with military aggression on pregnant women, mothers in labor, and newborns.The purpose of the theoretical study is to gain a deeper understanding of these issues in order to improve the practical approach to supporting pregnant women and mothers in childbirth in cases of military aggression. The effects of shock on a pregnant woman’s hormonal balance, on the likelihood of preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental defects will be analyzed. The neuropsychological mechanisms that cause these phenomena are revealed. Special attention is given to the impact of war stress on the interaction between mother and newborn and the possible negative consequences for the newborn. The article includes an overview of protocols and programs aimed at reducing the negative eff ects of stress and presents recommendations for mothers and health professionals. This will help to develop science- based policies and programs to reduce the negative eff ects of stress and improve the quality of life of mothers and infants. In addition, the article aims to emphasize the relevance of this problem for the Ukrainian mental health care system and to draw attention to the need for further research and development of eff ective strategies to support pregnant women and newborns in the context of military confl ict.

Pengaruh Pijat Ibu Hamil Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan Pada Ibu Primigravida Trimester III Di PMB Nopi Utami Tangerang

Introduction: Anxiety in facing childbirth in primigravida mothers often occurs. The prevalence of anxiety in Indonesia is 28,7% of 107,000,000 third-trimester pregnant women experiencing anxiety in facing childbirth. The way to deal with anxiety is non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is massage for pregnant women. Methods: Using a quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest group design means that the researcher made observations before and after the intervention without a control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 30 respondents. Nominal and ordinal scale data variables were analyzed data with the Wilcoxon test with α ₌ 0,05. Results: Showing the effect of massage for pregnant women on the level of anxiety facing childbirth in third-trimester primigravida women with test analysis Wilcoxon obtained a significance value of 0,000 (p < 0,05) and it can be concluded, there is a significant difference the effect of massage for pregnant women on reducing the level of anxiety of pregnant women facing labor before and after being given a massage for pregnant women. Discussion: There is a significant difference in the effect of massage for pregnant women on reducing the level of anxiety of pregnant women in facing labor before and after the intervention. Pregnant women who do massage will get a relaxing effect and prevent excessive anxiety during pregnancy.

The long-term effects of reproductive health education among primary and secondary school students: a longitudinal quasi-experimental study in rural Tanzania

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy remains a major global health issue, increasing the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth in mothers and babies. In Tanzania, adolescent pregnancy threatens girls’ education and makes it difficult for them to obtain a proper job; hence, the majority fall into poverty. Previous studies have developed and conducted reproductive health education for adolescent students; however, they evaluated only the effect immediately after education. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of reproductive health education on attitudes and behaviors toward reproductive health among adolescent girls and boys one year after the intervention in rural Tanzania.MethodsA longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted with 3295 primary and secondary students (2123 in the intervention group, 1172 in the control group) from three purposefully selected wards in Korogwe District. In the intervention group, the students received reproductive health education. We used paper-based questionnaires to evaluate the effect of the adolescent education program on attitudes and behaviors toward reproductive health education. To analyze the association between the intervention and each outcome, mixed-effect multiple regression analyses was conducted.ResultsThe mean age, primary school proportion, and female proportion of the intervention and the control group was 13.05 (standard deviation (SD) 1.59), 14.14 (SD 1.7), 77.9% and 34.3%, and 54.2% and 52.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant effect of reproductive health education on adolescent health attitudes and behaviors in the multiple regression analyses (coefficient: − 0.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): − 0.98 to 0.50), coefficient: 0.01 (95%CI: − 0.42 to 0.43)).ConclusionA statistically significant effect of reproductive health education on adolescent health attitudes and behaviors was not found. An effective reproductive health education intervention to improve the attitude and behaviors of reproductive health among Tanzania adolescents in the long term remain to be determined, particularly in real-world settings.Trial registration The National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol. IX988).

Генетичні особливості у хворих з депресивним розладом

Genetic features in patients with depressive disorder have been determined based on the references and own research. Hereditary burden of mental illnesses was recorded in 66.0 % of families; accumulation of mental disorders in various categories of relatives of probands was revealed. The following negative exogenic and endogenic factors have been determined: stress and pernicious habits in parents, pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth in mothers, birth of a child with distress syndrome, stress at patient’s home and in educational institution, undernutrition and pernicious habits of the patient, childhood infectious diseases, etc. The level of spontaneous mutagenesis in vitro was twice the level of induced mutagenesis that indicates pronounced individual and group latent chromosomal instability of patients.

Influence of sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period on emotional and behavioral problem at the age of 6 years: a birth cohort study

Objective: To investigate the influence of sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period on emotional and behavioral problems at the age of 6 years. Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, 262 children were extracted from mother-child birth cohort recruited from May 2012 to July 2013 in Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Children's sleep and physical activities were assessed using actigraphy at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age, from which the sleep fragmentation index (FI) at each follow-up point was calculated. Children's emotional and behavioral problems at 6 years of age were assessed using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Group-based trajectory model was applied to determine sleep FI in infancy and toddler period trajectory groups with Bayesian information criteria being used to determine the best fitting model. Children's emotional and behavioral problems between groups were examined with independent t test and linear regression models, etc. Results: A total of 177 children, with 91 boys and 86 girls, were included in the final analysis and were divided into 2 groups: high FI group (n=30) and low FI group (n=147). Compared with children in the low FI group, those in the high FI group presents with higher total difficulties score and higher hyperactivity or inattention score ((11.0±4.9) vs. (8.9±4.1), (4.9±2.7) vs. (3.7±2.3) scores, t=2.17, 2.23, both P<0.05, respectively), with the differences remaining significant after adjusting for covariates (t=2.08, 2.09, both P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: High sleep fragmentation in infancy and toddler period is associated with more emotional and behavioral problems, especially hyperactivity or inattention problems, at 6 years of age.

The Relationship Between Prenatal Distress And Pregnant Women's Readiness for Labor at PMB Imelda, Lebak District

Preparation for childbirth is everything that is understood and prepared in terms of welcoming the birth of pregnant women, prenatal distress in pregnancy has a direct impact on the fetus. Psychological disorders can affect the physical and mental health and well-being of the mother and her baby, this psychological condition is related to the baby's development process. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of prenatal distress and delivery readiness at PMB Imelda, Lebak Regency in 2022. The research design used correlation analytic methods using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were pregnant women in PMB Imelda, totaling 40 people. The type of sampling in this study is total sampling. Data were taken using PDQ and P4K questionnaires. The results showed that of the 32 respondents who had high prenatal distress, 70.0% of the respondents had unprepared labor readiness and of the 8 respondents with low prenatal distress, 7.5% were unprepared for delivery. The results of the Chi Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between prenatal distress and delivery readiness (p = 0.002). Thus the level of prenatal distress affects the readiness of the mother in childbirth. There needs to be an effort to improve maternal readiness in childbirth by implementing a program to increase readiness in childbirth to reduce prenatal distress.

Relations between intelligence index score discrepancies and psychopathology symptoms in the EDEN mother-child birth cohort

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential linkages between intelligence and psychopathology across the full IQ range, while considering both absolute IQ scores and discrepancies between them. We drew data from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort, gathered at two time points: 5.5 and 11.5 years of age. We examined three instruments assessing psychopathology: the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Mental Health and Social Inadaptation Assessment for Adolescents. We focused on four distinct scales: internalizing disorder, conduct disorder, social problems, and ADHD symptoms.Our analyses first examined correlations between Full-scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and psychopathology scores. Subsequently, we explored correlations between absolute and relative verbal-performance IQ discrepancies and psychopathology scores. In general, we found that relations between intelligence index scores and psychopathology scales were generally null or negative (high IQ associated with fewer psychopathology symptoms). Our results do not lend support to the hypothesis that high intelligence or index score discrepancies are risk factors for psychopathology in children and adolescents.

Modelling learning for a better safety culture within an organization using a virtual safety coach: Reducing the risk of postpartum depression via improved communication with parents

This paper describes an extension of a safety culture within hospital organizations providing more transparency and acknowledgement of all actors, and in particular the parents. It contributes a model architecture to support a hospital to develop such an extended safety culture. It is illustrated for prevention of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a commonly known consequence of childbirth for both mothers and fathers. In this research, we computationally analyze the risk factors and lack of support received by fathers. Therefore, we use shared mental models to model the effects of poor and additional communication by healthcare practitioners to mitigate the development of postpartum depression in both the mother and the father. Both individual mental models and shared mental models are considered in the design of the computational model. The paper illustrates the benefits of simple support in terms of communication during childbirth, which has lasting effects, even outside the hospital. For the impact of additional communication, a Virtual Safety Coach is designed that intervenes when necessary to provide support, i.e., when a health care practitioner doesn’t. Moreover, organizational learning is also modelled to improve the mental models of both the Safety Coach and the Health Care Practitioner.