Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire Research Articles

Protocol for the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation liquid in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, repetitive behavior and language impairment, and its worldwide prevalence has been found to be increasing annually in recent years. Till now, ASD is uncurable as its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, studies on both animals and humans have demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may ameliorate the symptoms of ASD, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no agreement regarding the optimal dosage or duration of FMT treatment for individuals with ASD. This clinical study is a double-blind, randomized, interventional trial conducted at a single center. The aim is to investigate the safety and efficacy of a pediatric formulation of FMT for ASD. A total of 42 children between the ages of 3-9 with ASD will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to either an FMT treatment group (n = 28) or a placebo group (n = 14), forming cohort 1. Additionally, 30 healthy children of similar age and gender will be recruited as the control group (cohort 2). Cohort 1 will be assessed using a variety of scales, including the Autism Behavior Checklist, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Social Responsiveness Scale, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and Psychoeducational Profile (Third Edition). These assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of FMT in reducing core symptoms and comorbidities (such as gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep disturbances) in children with ASD. The study will use metagenomic and metabolomic sequencing to assess changes in the composition and structure of the intestinal flora and its metabolites in blood, urine, and feces following treatment. Furthermore, the study will evaluate the acceptability of the FMT formulation by participants' legal guardians and investigate differences in the intestinal flora and metabolism in the FMT group before and after treatment compared to 30 healthy children. https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200058459.

Effects of physical exercise, LEGO, and Minecraft activities on anxiety in underserved children with autism: Study design and methodological strategies

Anxiety is a common comorbidity for individuals with ASD, and there is some preliminary data about the efficacy of physical exercise to alleviate anxiety. However, we are not aware of any studies that have compared the effects of a physical exercise program on anxiety in underserved children with ASD using a randomized controlled research design. This paper describes a method to evaluate and compare the efficacy of an 8-week physical exercise intervention with a sedentary play intervention to alleviate anxiety in young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from underserved backgrounds. We assessed anxiety and its physical symptoms using the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist DSM-5 anxiety (CBCL DSM-5) subscale, the child-rated Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder (SCARED), the parent-rated Child's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and salivary cortisol. We also utilized the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess physical activity level and identify compounds. Unique components of this study include:•Implementation of novel physical exercise and sedentary play interventions that have been designed for children with ASD.•Recruitment of predominantly underserved and non-English speaking families.

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Gastrointestinal Sistem ve Uyku Sorunları: Bunların Problemli Davranışlarla İlişkisi

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate sleep and gastrointestinal problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their relationship with each other, autism severity and problematic behavior. Material and Methods: The children who were admitted to outpatient clinics of child psychiatry at our hospital in a 3-months period and had diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 were included. The parents filled Aberrant Behavior Checklist (AbBC), Rome-3 Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Parent Report Form (QPGS-RIII), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and sociodemographic data form. The clinician applied Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Ninety-seven children with ASD were included. According to QPGS-RIII, 38.1% of the cases had probable functional gastrointestinal problems. Those were 26.8% (n=26) functional constipation, 8.2% (n=8) nonretentive fecal incontinence, 2.1% (n=2) aerofaji, 3.1% (n=3) rumination syndrome, 4.1% (n=4) irritable bowel syndrome, 1% (n=1) functional abdominal pain syndrome, 1% (n=1) functional dyspepsia, 3.1% (n=3) functional abdominal pain, 1% cyclic vomiting and 1% (n=1) abdominal migraine. According to CSHQ 58.8% of the cases had sleep problems. ASD patients with functional gastrointestinal problems, had higher total scores of CSHQ, ABC and AbBC, compared to children with no functional gastrointestinal problems. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that frequency of gastrointestinal and sleep problems were high in children with ASD. It is appropriate to evaluate patients with ASD in terms of gastrointestinal and sleep problems especially if behavioral problems accompanies. And treating gastrointestinal and sleep problems might decrease challenging behaviors that seen in ASD.

Correlations between Sleep Features and Iron Status in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

A high prevalence of sleep disturbances has been reported in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability (ID). The etiology of sleep disorders in these children is heterogeneous and, recently, iron deficiency has received increasing attention. This study aims to investigate sleep features in children with NDDs and to explore a possible correlation between serum iron status biomarkers and qualitative features of sleep. We included 4- to 12-year-old children with a diagnosis of ASD, ADHD, or ID and assessed their sleep features through the children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ). Venous blood samples were collected to investigate ferritin, transferrin, and iron levels. The mean CSHQ total score exceeds the cut-off in all groups of children. In the ASD group, the Parasomnias subscale negatively correlated with serum ferritin levels (Rho = 0.354; p = 0.029). Our findings may suggest the existence of an association between iron status, sleep quality, and neurodevelopmental processes. In clinical practice, sleep assessment should be included in the routine assessment for patients with NDDs. Furthermore, a routine assessment of iron status biomarkers should be recommended for children with NDDs who have sleep disturbances.

Effect of Anti-Allergic Therapy on Sleep Quality of Children with Allergic Conjunctivitis and Their Parents

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the effect of anti-allergic therapy on sleep quality of children with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and their parents. Methods This prospective single-arm intervention study included 54 AC child-parent dyads. Chinese versions of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess the sleep quality of children and their parents, respectively. Results CSHQ and PSQI total scores were significantly decreased after treatment, with fewer children and parents reporting poor sleep quality. Part impaired sleep behaviors of children and parents can recover to the normal levels. Sleep quality improved greater in children with a severe type of AC, those with worse baseline signs, and without other allergic diseases. For both children and parents, greater improvements in sleep quality were associated with longer treatment duration and with worse baseline sleep quality. Conclusion Successful management of AC improves sleep quality for both children and their parents.

Sleep disturbances are associated with irritability in ASD children with sensory sensitivities

BackgroundParent reports suggest that 44–84% of children with ASD exhibit sleep disturbances that are of clinical concern. Previous studies have reported that, in children with ASD, the severity of sleep disturbances is associated with the severity of either sensory problems or aberrant behaviors, but none have performed combined analyses with measures of both sensory and aberrant behaviors symptom domains from the same children.MethodsWe examined parent reports of 237 children with ASD, 1.4–8.7 years old, using the child sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), sensory profile (SP), and aberrant behaviors checklist (ABC).ResultsThe analyses revealed that sleep disturbances were most strongly associated with SP sensory sensitivity and ABC irritability scores. Together these scores explained 35% of the variance in total CSHQ scores. Moreover, sensory sensitivity scores moderated the association between irritability and sleep disturbances, indicating that sleep disturbances were significantly associated with irritability only in children with moderate to severe sensory sensitivities.ConclusionWe suggest that the three symptom domains may interact and exacerbate each other such that successful intervention in one symptom domain may have positive impact on the others. Further intervention studies testing this hypothesis are highly warranted.

Children sleep habits and their knowledge during COVID-19: the impact on quality of life

BackgroundAmid the coronavirus crisis, many aspects of children's lives had been compromised, among which were their sleep habits. The current study aimed to examine children's sleep habits and the children's knowledge of the pandemic and its impact on their quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using observational cross-sectional analysis based on web-based questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, Parents completed the children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) and the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL-P), and the questionnaire regarding their children's knowledge about COVID-19.ResultsAmong the total sample (n = 259), Children below the age of 6 (n = 52) showed statistically significant higher scores in the bedtime resistance, delayed sleep onset, and sleep anxiety subscales, while those older than the age of 12 (n = 50) showed a higher score in the sleep duration problem subscale and lower scores of physical, emotional and psychological functions. Finally, (71.4%) of the study population showed a high level of knowledge about the infectivity of the coronavirus and the fact that it is a pandemic.ConclusionsSleep problems are common among Egyptian children during the COVID-19 pandemic and have a significant impact on their quality of life.

Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate effects on sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Sleep-related problems are common in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep disorders are also side effects of all stimulant ADHD medications. Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate (SDX/d-MPH) is a once-daily treatment approved for patients age 6 years and older with ADHD. In this analysis, sleep behavior was assessed during SDX/d-MPH treatment in children with ADHD. In a 12-month, dose-optimized, open-label safety study in 6- to 12-year-old participants (NCT03460652), a secondary endpoint was assessment of sleep behavior based on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) consisting of 8 sleep domains (bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness). This post hoc analysis examined the individual sleep domains in the 12-month safety study. Of 282 participants enrolled, 238 were included in the sleep analysis. At baseline, mean (SD) CSHQ total sleep disturbance score was 53.4 (5.9). After 1 month of treatment, the mean (SD) CSHQ total score significantly decreased to 50.5 (5.4); least-squares mean change from baseline was -2.9 (95% CI: -3.5 to -2.4; p < 0.0001) and remained decreased up to 12 months. Mean sleep-score improvements from baseline to 12 months were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) for 5 of 8 sleep domains, including bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness. Parasomnias and daytime sleepiness sleep domains showed the greatest mean improvement from baseline to 12 months. Sleep onset delay and sleep duration scores increased from baseline to 12 months. No statistically significant worsening occurred from baseline in sleep duration and sleep-disordered breathing domains; however, worsening of sleep onset delay was statistically significant. In this analysis of children taking SDX/d-MPH for ADHD, sleep problems did not worsen based on the mean CSHQ total sleep disturbance score. Statistically significant improvements in most CSHQ sleep domains were observed after 1 month and lasted for up to 12 months of treatment.

Relationship between child sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder and parent mental health and well-being

Sleep problems are a common comorbidity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study is to determine how sleep problems affect not only the child with ASD, but parents also. Parents of 409 children and adolescents with ASD completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The majority (86.6%) of parents presented with poor sleep. The majority (95.3%; n = 387) of children presented with sleep problems, while 4.7% (n = 22) did not have sleep problems. A cross-sectional within-subjects research design was utilised, with the following analyses conducted: Pearson correlations, chi-square tests, t-tests, and MANOVAs. Relationships were found between child sleep problems and parent sleep problems, specifically child parasomnias, sleep duration, night wakings, and sleep onset delay. Parents of children with sleep problems experienced more parenting stress, specifically on the Difficult Child and Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscales of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Parents of children and adolescents with sleep problems had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than parents of children and adolescents who did not have sleep problems. A relationship between sleep problems and lower quality of life was found. Parents of children with sleep problems received significantly lower scores on the WHOQOL-BREF domains of Physical Health, Psychological and Environment than parents of children without sleep problems. There was no significant difference found between parents of children with or without sleep problems on perceived social support. The current study demonstrated how child sleep affects parental well-being. While sleep problems are one comorbid condition in ASD, future research is needed to determine the impact of other comorbidities in parents of children and adolescents with ASD.

0236 Assessing the Impact of Race and Income on Children's Sleep Habits

Abstract Introduction Ample research supports the need for adequate sleep to develop normal physical and mental health throughout childhood. While objective sleep monitoring is ideal, it is not always practical in real-world settings. Therefore, subjective reports provide a more realistic alternative. The validated Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) requires parents/caregivers to retrospectively report sleep quality in school-aged children. In a nation-wide study, we compared CSHQ ratings to determine any relationship with sleep quality and demographic variables. Methods CSHQ and demographic questionnaires were completed for n=152 children (ages 3-12y, 63% Male, 37% female), 45% African American and 55% Caucasian. Means of CSHQ scores and demographic variables were compared using independent t-tests and chi-square test of independence. Results Overall, African American children had lower reported sleep quality compared to Caucasian children (t150= -3.77, p&amp;lt; 0.001). Additionally, reported sleep quality was lower in households earning less than 100K compared to those earning more than 100K (t146= 2.69, p&amp;lt; 0.01), with more African American families earning less than 100K compared to Caucasian families (Χ2(1) = 11.99, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion Our results are consistent with previous research indicating that African American children have lower reported sleep quality than their Caucasian counterparts. While families with lower income report higher rates of sleep disturbance, this appears to be more prevalent in African American households. Although significantly different, both groups reported high levels of sleep disturbance, highlighting the need for general sleep education as well as the development of interventions tailored to different ethnic groups and demographic levels. Support (if any) Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine Dean’s Excellence Award Scholarship

0758 Initial Efficacy of a Brief, Trauma-Informed Sleep Intervention for Children in Foster Care

Abstract Introduction Children in foster care experience impairing sleep problems that contribute to greater attachment, emotional and behavioral problems concurrently and over time. Sleep nonetheless remains a critically neglected aspect of health among this vulnerable group. To address the unique sleep needed of this population, we developed a brief, telehealth-delivered behavioral sleep intervention for caregivers of young children currently or formerly in foster care, called Sleep and Adjustment in Foster Environments for Toddlers and Preschoolers (SAFE-T). The current study examined the initial efficacy of SAFE-T. Methods N = 25 foster or adoptive foster parents with a 2- to 5-year-old child (M = 3.9; SD = 1.7) were recruited from the state of Texas. After a baseline assessment including the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI), families were randomized to SAFE-T or an active control group. SAFE-T families (n = 14) received 3 telehealth-delivered sessions with a therapist who provided information about healthy sleep and trauma-informed suggestions for reducing child sleep problems. Control families (n = 11) were sent an informational booklet about sleep to keep. A post-treatment assessment was completed approximately one month after he initial assessment. Results Compared to the control group, the SAFE-T group evidenced greater reductions in total CSHQ sleep problem scores (η2 = .14), including Sleep Anxiety (partial eta squatted = .16), Sleep Onset Delay (η2 = .08), Bedtime Resistance (η2 = .09) and Daytime Sleepiness (η2 = .07) scores at post treatment. Based on the PSI, caregivers in the SAFE-T group reported greater reductions in Difficult Child scores (η2 = .35), Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interactions (η2 = .31) and Parenting Stress (η2 = .16) compared to the control group. Conclusion Medium to very large effects were found for reductions in caregiver-reported child sleep problems as well as parenting stress following intervention with SAFE-T. These promising results suggest that a brief, trauma-informed sleep intervention may be effective in improving child sleep health and caregiver well-being in foster families. Support (if any) This study was funded by the Grant to Enhance and Advance Research (GEAR) from the University of Houston.

Sleep pattern and sleep disorders in school-going children aged 6-12 years and its association with screen time: a cross-sectional study from South Kerala during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Poor sleep quality in school children can negatively impact their neurocognitive abilities and academic achievement. Increased screen time was shown to interfere with children’s sleep habits and disrupts their sleep pattern. This study aimed to understand the sleep patterns and sleep disorders in school children and the influence of screen time on sleep in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional observational school-based study was done on 443 children aged 6-12 years. Data was collected through parent filled online questionnaire having a proforma and child sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ), a validated questionnaire to assess sleep disorders in children Results: Out of 443 children studied, the average sleep duration of the study population was 9:06 hours ±42:18 min and, 34.3% of the children slept less than 9 hours per day. The prevalence of sleep disorders was found to be 76.52%. Significant screen time after 8 PM was observed in 65.9% and 62.2 % of children had a total screen time of more than 2 hours. Increased screen time after 8 PM, delayed bedtime and wake-up time in children and also contributed to sleep disorders. Bedtime resistance and daytime sleepiness were more commonly observed in children with increased screen time. Conclusions: Sleep disorders in children are more predominant than sleep deprivation. Increased screen time before bed was found to alter sleep patterns in children and increases bedtime resistance, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disorders.

Impact of sleep disorders on behavioral issues in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.

Sleep disorders are one of the most common problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, they often tend to be underdiagnosed and incorrectly treated in clinical practice. This study aims to identify sleep disorders in preschool children with ASD and to explore their relationship with the core symptoms of autism, the child's developmental and cognitive level as well as the psychiatric comorbidities. We recruited 163 preschool children with a diagnosis of ASD. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) assessed sleep conditions. Multiple standardized tests were used to evaluate intellectual abilities, the presence of repetitive behaviors (through the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised), as well as the emotional-behavioral problems and the psychiatric comorbidities (through the Child Behavior Checklist -CBCL 11/2-5). The results showed that poor disorders had consistently higher scores in all areas assessed by the CSHQ and on the CBCL across all domains. The correlational analysis showed that severe sleep disorders were associated with higher scores in internalizing, externalizing, and total problems at the CBCL syndromic scales, and in all DSM-oriented CBCL subscales. Moreover, we found that the association between sleep disorders and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) is explained by the anxiety-related symptoms. Based on these findings, the study recommends that screening for sleep problems followed by early intervention should constitute a routine part of clinical practice for children with ASD.

Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Children with Transfusion-Dependent Hemoglobinopathies

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare sleep problems between children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies and healthy controls.Methods: This study was a case-control survey of children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies. The sample consisted of 175 children in the patient group and 175 healthy children in the control group, with an age range of 8 to 18 years. Subjects were recruited from the Children’s Hospital of Mansoura University between February and July 2022. Children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies received consultations at the Department of Pediatric Hematology. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate sleep problems in both groups.Results: The mean age of the patient group was 11.22±2.39 years, and 52.57% (n=92) were girls. The control group had a mean age of 11.30±2.16 years, and 50.86% (n=89) were boys. The overall score (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.007) and the night waking (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.013), sleep duration (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.009), and sleep-disordered breathing (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.029) subscores were all substantially and statistically significantly higher in children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies than in healthy children.Conclusion: As children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies have more sleep problems than healthy children, more detailed studies are needed.

An exploratory study of sleep quality and quantity in children with causal variants in SYNGAP1, an autism risk gene

Study objectivesSleep disturbances are reported in 62% of children with SYNGAP1-Intellectual Disability (SYNGAP1-ID), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), sensory and behavioral challenges. Although Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) scores are elevated in children with SYNGAP1-ID factors that predict sleep disturbance are not well understood. The goal of this study is to identify predictors of sleep problems. MethodsParents of 21 children with SYNGAP1-ID completed questionnaires, and 6 children wore the Actiwatch2 for 14 continuous days. Non-parametric analysis of psychometric scales and actigraphy data were performed. Actigraphy derived sleep parameters were compared to controls and rest activity rhythms were assessed using arctools an open-source R package. ResultsCSHQ total sleep scores in children with SYNGAP1-ID and ASD were not different from children with SYNGAP1 without ASD (p = 0.61). Sleep anxiety (β 1.646, 95% CI 0.9566 to 2.336) and parasomnias (β 0.6294, 95% CI 0.06423 to 1.195) were strong predictors of bedtime resistance (R2 = 0.767, p < 0.001). The sedentary to active transition probability during the 12–18 h epoch (β = 0.004, p = 0.008, R2 = 0.85) and the duration of the active bout during the 18–24 h epoch (β = 0.166, p = 0.029, R2 = 0.74) were strong predictors of total sleep disturbance. ConclusionThe CSHQ may be a reliable measure of sleep difficulties in children with SYNGAP1-ID. Sleep anxiety, parasomnias and difficulty winding-down are significant contributors to sleep disturbances.

Factors associated with sleep disorders among adolescent students in rural areas of China.

This study aimed to determine sleep patterns and the prevalence and association factors of sleep disorders in a regionally representative sample in Mo Jiang, China. A total of 2,346 (participation rate 93.5%) Grade 7 students (aged 13-14 years) from 10 middle schools, including 1,213 (51.7%) boys and 1,133 (48.3%) girls, participated in the study. All the participants were invited to complete questionnaires that acquired information on sleep patterns, academic performance, academic stress, and sociodemographic factors. Sleep disorders were assessed using the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with sleep disorders. The prevalence of sleep disorders among rural adolescents was 76.4%, which is higher than that among urban adolescents. Compared with previous findings in urban areas, our results indicate that sleep loss is much more severe in rural adolescents. Sleep disorders were positively associated with factors, such as watching TV [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, p = 0.001], academic performance (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001), and academic stress (OR = 1.38, p = 0.04). In addition, girls were more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than boys (OR = 1.36, p = 0.01). Insufficient sleep and sleep disorders have become common health problems in rural Chinese adolescents.

The Relationship of Screen Exposure with Sleep Quality and Self-Regulation Skills in Preschool Children

Objective: We aimed to investigate possible links between screen time, self-regulation skills and sleep quality in preschool children. Material and Methods: The study was carried out with 140 mothers with 4-6 years old children who visited the family medicine outpatient clinic between March and May 2022. Children’s age, gender, existing chronic diseases, the most used technological product, purpose of use, time and duration were recorded. Children’s sleep habits were evaluated with the “Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)”, and their self-regulation skills were evaluated with the “Self-Regulation Skills Scale for 4-6 Years-Old Children(Mother Form)(SrSS)”. Results: The median age of the children in our study was 60 (48-72) months. 75/140 of the participants were girls. The most used technological product at home was the smartphone (48.2%). 64% of the participants reported less than 2 hours screen time, 21.6% of them reported between 2-4 hours and 14.4% of them reported over 4 hours. Educational status of mothers (p=0.003) and fathers (p&amp;lt;0.001) of those with a lot of screen exposure was lower. Delay in falling asleep score, one of the CSHQ subscales, was higher in those with screen exposure over 4 hours (p&amp;lt;0.001). Self-regulation skills scale total score (p=0.001), attention (p=0.014), inhibitory control-emotion (p=0.004), and inhibitory control-behavior (p=0.029) sub-scale scores were lower in children with longer screen time. Conclusion: Excessive screen exposure in preschool children is associated with delay in falling asleep and low self-regulation skills.

The effect of eating behaviors and sleeping habits of children aged 6-12 on obesity

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eating behaviors and sleeping habits of children aged 6-12 years on obesity. Material and Metod: The data required for the research were collected online between 21 May 2022 and 15 July 2022. The study group of the research consisted of children aged 6-12 years. In data collection, online survey method, socio-demographic data collection form, three-factor eating scale, child sleep habits questionnaire (CHA) were used from 220 children aged 6-12 years who had parental consent, participated voluntarily, and were selected by convenience sampling method, one of the improbable sampling methods. SPSS 26.0 data analysis program was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, and t-test and one-way Anova test and regression were used to examine the effects of children's eating behaviors and sleeping habits on obesity. Result: In the study, it was revealed that children's sleep habits and uncontrolled eating, cognitive restriction, emotional eating behaviors were similar to each other according to age groups, gender, education level, night sleep interval, total sleeping time. It has been stated that children are at risk of obesity depending on the degree of eating behavior and sleeping habits of children. Conclusion: It is recommended to conduct studies on the effects of eating behaviors and sleeping habits of children aged 6-12 on obesity.

Associations between sleep trajectories up to 54 months and cognitive school readiness in 4 year old preschool children.

This study explores the association between the duration and variation of infant sleep trajectories and subsequent cognitive school readiness at 48-50 months. Participants were 288 multi-ethnic children, within the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Caregiver-reported total, night and day sleep durations were obtained at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and 54 months using the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Total, night and day sleep trajectories with varying durations (short, moderate, or long) and variability (consistent or variable; defined by standard errors) were identified. The cognitive school readiness test battery was administered when the children were between 48 and 50 months old. Both unadjusted adjusted analysis of variance models and adjusted analysis of covariance models (for confounders) were performed to assess associations between sleep trajectories and individual school readiness tests in the domains of language, numeracy, general cognition and memory. In the unadjusted models, children with short variable total sleep trajectories had poorer performance on language tests compared to those with longer and more consistent trajectories. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, children with short variable night sleep trajectories had poorer numeracy knowledge compared to their counterparts with long consistent night sleep trajectories. There were no equivalent associations between sleep trajectories and school readiness performance for tests in the general cognition or memory domains. There were no significant findings for day sleep trajectories. Findings suggest that individual differences in longitudinal sleep duration patterns from as early as 3 months of age may be associated with language and numeracy aspects of school readiness at 48-50 months of age. This is important, as early school readiness, particularly the domains of language and mathematics, is a key predictor of subsequent academic achievement.

The clinical and sleep manifestations in children with FOXG1 syndrome

FOXG1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction, autistic behavior, and early-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders. Patients have also been reported to experience sleep disturbances. However, these findings are mainly based on subjective caregivers' reports, and limited by small case numbers. Moreover, no studies using objective evaluation tools, such as actigraphy, have been reported. We analyzed the clinical and sleep manifestations of children with FOXG1 syndrome registered in the FOXG1 Research Foundation Patient Registry database. A total of 258 individuals with FOXG1 syndrome were included in this research. 132 (51.16%) had sleep disturbances. The more impaired of language acquisitions (absence of speech, OR: 3.99, 95%CI = 1.69-9.42, p = 0.002), hyperkinetic movement disorders (OR: 2.64, 95%CI = 1.34-5.20 p =0.005) and feeding difficulties (OR: 2.81, 95% CI = 1.52-5.19, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with an increase in odds of sleep disturbance after adjusting for age, sex, and antiepileptic drugs. We also performed sleep studies on six individuals with FOXG1 syndrome using The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and 7-day data from Actiwatch. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 7-day data from Actiwatch were also used to evaluate the sleep condition of their parents. The CSHQ scores revealed bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night-waking, and parasomnia. Sleep-wake transition disorders and disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep were also suggested by the SDSC scores. The children's actigraphy revealed short sleep durations, impaired sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, and frequent night-waking. All caregivers reported significantly higher PSQI scores, mildly declined sleep efficiency, and shorter total sleep duration. Sleep disturbances, especially in initiating and maintaining sleep, are common in individuals with FOXG1 syndrome and their caregivers. Sleep disorders in patients with FOXG1 syndrome and their caregivers should be investigated.