Child Molesters Research Articles

Resisting the Gamer’s Dilemma

Intuitively, many people seem to hold that engaging in acts of virtual murder in videogames is morally permissible, whereas engaging in acts of virtual child molestation is morally impermissible. The Gamer’s Dilemma (Luck in Ethics Inf Technol 11:31–36, 2009) challenges these intuitions by arguing that it is unclear whether there is a morally relevant difference between these two types of virtual actions. There are two main responses in the literature to this dilemma. First, attempts to resolve the dilemma by defending an account of the relevant moral differences between virtual murder and virtual child molestation. Second, attempts to dissolve the dilemma by undermining the intuitions that ground it. In this paper, we argue that a narrow version of the Gamer’s Dilemma seems to survive attempts to resolve or dissolve it away entirely, since neither approach seems to be able to solve the dilemma for all cases. We thus provide a contextually sensitive version of the dilemma that more accurately tracks onto the intuitions of gamers. However, we also argue that the intuitions that ground the narrow version of the Dilemma may not have a moral foundation, and we put forward alternative non-moral normative foundations that seem to better account for the remaining intuitive difference between the two types of virtual actions. We also respond to proposed solutions to the Gamer’s Dilemma in novel ways and set out areas for future empirical work in this area.

Manifestations of sexual sadism in child sexual assault and the associated victim, offender, and offense characteristics: A latent class analysis

BackgroundAlthough sadistic child sexual abuse (SCSA) is rare, existing typologies of child sexual abuse have identified the existence of sadistic subtypes in child molestation, as well in the sexual homicide of children. Nonetheless, no study has sought to determine whether there is heterogeneity in the manifestation of sexual sadism between sadistic child abusers. ObjectiveThe present study seeks to examine how SCSA manifests differently between offenders, and whether these differences are associated with specific victim, offender, and offense characteristics. Participants and settingThe current sample includes adult males (N = 101) who were involved in a child sexual assault and scored at least a 4 on the Severe Sexual Sadism Scale (SeSas). All offenses take place in France between 1990 and 2018. MethodsLatent class analysis was used to analyze the sample for heterogeneity. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify external variables associated with each of the latent classes. ResultsThree distinct latent classes were found: the sadistic kidnapper; the sadistic torturer; and the sadistic ritualist. External validity testing also revealed distinctive characteristics associated with each class. ConclusionsSCSA involves a heterogenous population with distinctive sadistic behavioral manifestations that vary in severity and relate to differences in crime-commission processes and offender characteristics. These findings offer important insights for crime prevention and correctional practice.

Typological characterization of child sexual abusers from court records

Objective: To characterize the typologies of child sexual abusers based on judicial files registered in a center of attention to victims of sexual abuse in Sincelejo. Method: Quantitative with a descriptive scope, as an instrument an analysis guide validated by experts was used to analyze the 112 judicial files registered between 2016-2020 in the center.

An Analysis of Australia’s Foreign Policy through its Domestic Factors to Combat Child Sex Tourism in Project Childhood

2010 was the year Australia initiated and signed Project Childhood, a grant and partnership to protect children from sexual exploitation due to travel and tourism. Four countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, are in a sub-region where child sex tourism occurs a lot. The phenomenon of transnational borders will involve sending country as the country of traveling child sex offenders, and receiving country for victims coordinates to make serious law enforcement regarding this issue. In formulating foreign policy, domestic factors are one way of looking at why Australia provides funding, assistance, and initiate international cooperation to combat child sex tourism in GMS. Through this research, the authors will explain the domestic factors that influence Australia in initiating Project Childhood as its foreign policy, using domestic determinants as the level of analysis. Then, it will be divided into 3 sub-determinants, they are; highly stable, demonstrating an Australian responsibility for TCSO originating in the country. This is related to one of the demographic components that cause migration problems. Moderately stable, in relation to the domestic reforms that are actively being carried out in the context of enforcing the extraterritoriality. The last, unstable, the factor of public opinion which also has played an important role so that the government gives attention to this phenomenon

JURIDICAL REVIEW OF STEP FATHER'S ABILITY AGAINST CHILDREN (CASE STUDY OF DELI SERDANG CHILD PROTECTION INSTITUTE)

This study aims to determine the legal arrangements against child molestation by stepfathers. The method used in this research is Juridical Empirical or called field research, which is to examine the applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. Empirical juridical research is legal research regarding the enforcement or implementation of normative legal provisions in action on certain legal events that occur in society. In this study, the classification of criminal acts of harassment is regulated in several laws and regulations, such as the Criminal Code, Law no. 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and the PKDRT Law.

Demographic characteristics of convicted child sexual abusers in South of Sweden, between 2013 and 2018: a pilot study

This study evaluates variables concerning demographic characteristics for all adult male offenders convicted of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) aged 0–17 in Malmö, Sweden between 2013 and 2018. All convictions (n = 18) based on court documents from the District Court, the Court of Appeals and information from the Swedish Tax Agency were reviewed. A total of 30 victims were identified. Frequency analyses show that the most common features were that of a single offender, averaging 25 years old, with a non-Swedish background and a high school degree. The predominately extrafamilial CSA (i.e. committed by an acquaintance to the family) occurred in a private setting and consisted of penetrative acts. Girls averaging 13 years old were abused multiple times, under fear and pressure. Although assumptions based on these results are preliminary, they provide a clearer image of the typical circumstances under which CSA occurred within this time frame and geographical location. This study is a first attempt to construct an overview of demographic characteristics of CSA. As more data are gathered from this region, more sophisticated analyses can be conducted, providing stronger generalizations. Information of this kind may be important for research, classification of offender profiling and in case linking.

Correction to: The Grave Resolution to the Gamer’s Dilemma: an Argument for a Moral Distinction Between Virtual Murder and Virtual Child Molestation

Correction to: The Grave Resolution to the Gamer’s Dilemma: an Argument for a Moral Distinction Between Virtual Murder and Virtual Child Molestation

Evading Detection: Characteristics of Individuals With Extrafamilial Child Sexual Offences and Long Detection Lags.

Most child sex offending is unreported and undetected. Despite this, most research relies on the characteristics of those frequently detected and arrested. This study aims to address this disparity by examining a group of men convicted of child sexual abuse (CSA) offences with multiple victims and who evaded detection for long periods of time (n = 170). This sample was compared to a group of men caught quickly for CSA offences against multiple victims (n = 170). The two groups were compared on demographic, lifestyle, sexual deviancy, and criminogenic measures. Individuals with long detection lags had more child victims, including more pre-pubescent and male victims and commenced their sexual offending at a comparatively earlier age. Additionally, individuals with long detection lags were more likely to be non- Indigenous and to show specialization in their sexual offending. These findings have implications for identifying and managing high harm child sexual offenders who evade detection for long periods.

Interference inhibition in offending and non-offending pedophiles: A preliminary event-related fMRI study

The ability to inhibit behavior is thought to be an import skill for avoiding criminal conduct, especially when combined with personal predispositions or criminogenic needs such as a pedophilic preference disorder. While previous research emphasized the relationship between impulsivity and child sexual offending, not pedophilia per se, studies on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms in subdomains of impulsivity remained scarce. Here, we focused on interference inhibition and examined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of three groups of men performing a color-word Stroop task: (1) pedophiles with a history of CSO (P+CSO, n = 11), (2) pedophiles without a history of CSO (P–CSO, n = 8) and (3) non-pedophilic, non-offending healthy controls (HC, n = 10). On the behavioral level, P+CSO revealed increased Stroop interference as compared to P–CSO and HC. Moreover, increased Stroop interference in P+CSO was accompanied by enhanced conflict-related activity in left superior parietal cortex and precentral gyrus as compared to P–CSO. Albeit behavioral analyses of error and post-error processing revealed no significant between-group differences, P–CSO showed increased post-error-related activity in left posterior cingulate, precuneus and middle temporal gyrus as compared to P+CSO. Our preliminary data highlight inhibition deficits in offending as compared to non-offending pedophiles or healthy men and suggest that functional alterations in attention reallocation and impulse suppression/control may moderate the risk for committing CSO in men suffering from pedophilia.

"I'm Not a Child Molester, But a Victim Myself": Examining Rationalizations Among Male Sex Offenders Who Report Histories of Childhood Sexual Abuse.

Persons convicted of sexual offenses (PCSOs) hold distorted attitudes and beliefs, or rationalizations that minimize the severity of their offending. Despite this, knowledge of rationalizations held by PCSOs remains limited, especially for offenders who report being sexually abused as children. The purpose of the study was to qualitatively assess post-conviction rationalizations of PCSOs who reported childhood sexual abuse (n = 40) and those who reported no sexual abuse (n = 40) focusing on account variations-a framework proposed by Scott & Lyman. Offenders were interviewed and assessed for risk and community notification purposes in 2014 in a southern state. The manner in which PCSOs use rationalizations to avert responsibility for their offenses provides insight into their motivations for offending, and therefore, can inform treatment initiatives for PCSOs with and without histories of sexual victimization. Results can help inform differentiated treatment for those with histories of sexual abuse and those without.

The Effectiveness of Psychological Treatment in Adult Male Convicted for Sexual Offenses Against Children: A Systematic Review

Child sexual abuse is a public health problem of global magnitude with profound and negative consequences for the victims and society. Thus, psychological intervention with individuals who sexually offended against children is crucial for reducing recidivism. Numerous reviews and meta-analyses have shown the effectiveness of psychological interventions in individuals who sexually offended, but few reviews have been done on this subtype of offenders. This article reviews evaluation studies of intervention programs designed to treat individuals who sexually offended against children, providing a more detailed account of treatment procedures. Articles were identified from peer-reviewed databases, bibliographies, and experts. Following full-text review, 12 studies were selected for inclusion by meeting the following criteria: quantitative or qualitative research studies published in English from 2000 to 2020 with titles or abstracts that indicated a focus on treatment effectiveness, detailing the psychological treatment procedures on adult, male individuals convicted for child sexual abuse. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with a relapse prevention approach was the most frequent modality found in child sexual offending treatment. Besides, different criminogenic and non-criminogenic factors emerge as targets for intervention. Study design, study quality, and intervention procedures shortened the accumulation of evidence in treatment effectiveness.

Child sexual exploitation material offenders, one-size-fits-all for? Exploring tailored clinical dimensions based on cognitive and behavioural criminogenic factors.

Interventions for individuals involved in sexual offending behaviours are likely to be more effective if adapted to focus on their specific characteristics, suggesting that men who engage in sexual offences against children over the Internet should be treated differently from those who have actual physical contact against children. The goal of this study is to explore possible associations between the criminogenic cognitions and behaviours of men using online child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) and variables relevant to intervention. We hypothesised that antisocial tendencies, sexual, emotional and relational problems and self-regulation problems, as well as cognitive distortions would be associated with CSEM use. Ninety-eight men who had been convicted of at least one online CSEM-related offence, but no child contact sexual offences, at any time between 2001 and 2020 were recruited in the province of Quebec (Canada). Cases were reviewed to identify cognitive and behavioural criminogenic factors according to a coding sheet developed after reference to prior literature. Variables were extracted from official criminal records, sexological and psychological reports, as well as investigative and forensic reports and interviews. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify potentially relevant dimensions. Analysis confirmed five distinct factors which, together, accounted for 60% of the variance: dissocial traits, dysfunctional intimacy, passive alienation (internalised sense of alienation), normless alienation (social norms experienced as alien) and coping with threat. Because online CSEM-related offenders present heterogeneous risks and needs, a 'one-size-fits-all' intervention is unlikely to be optimal for most of them. Our findings suggest a way of classifying risks and needs to facilitate more focused interventions. Future research should evaluate the relative effectiveness of general interventions compared to those tailored towards the dimensions of risks and needs identified in this study.

“Someone Who Has Been in My Shoes”: The Effectiveness of a Peer Support Model for Providing Support to Partners, Family and Friends of Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenders

ABSTRACT Reports of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) on the internet are rapidly increasing and the number of people accessing it is substantial. Many of these men have partners or families who are impacted by their CSAM use. These families experience negative mental health and social outcomes as a result. Despite this, there are limited services that provide support to this population. In this article, we examine the findings of an evaluation of PartnerSPEAK, a service in Victoria, Australia, that supports the non-offending partners and families of CSAM offenders. The evaluation included a survey of 53 clients as well as seven in-depth interviews. The findings showed that the peer support model utilized by PartnerSPEAK offered effective support for this underserved client group including the reduction of shame and isolation.

The Disparity of Criminal Implementation in Case of Child Intercourse and Molestation As Seen From The Perspective of Decidendic Ratio Theory

This study aimed at examining the factors that cause the disparity of punishment in cases of sexual intercourse and molestation of minors, especially in Salatiga City, the impact of the occurrence of criminal disparities, and how the policy model for criminal acts of sexual intercourse and obscenity should be seen from the decidendi theory. The results of the study showed that the disparity in criminal penalties in criminal cases with children as victims is the existence of internal and external factors. Internal factors is in the form of a judge's own personality. While external factor is the legal factor or the legislation itself and the situation factor in the person who is in the perpetrator or defendant. The judge must be careful in seeing, digging, and observing the facts in the trial. Judges must pay attention to the attitude of prudence, avoiding carelessness, both formal and material to technical skills. The judge needs to give reasons or considerations following the values of truth and justice (ratio decidendi). The judge must also use common sense or rational thinking by paying attention to the previous judge's decisions to avoid striking disparity in sentencing. Currently, the judiciary in Indonesia, especially in the Salatiga District Court, still uses the method of imposing sentences based on trial examinations only. This causes court decisions issued by judges to have differences between one decision and another, which is called criminal disparity. The research method used by the researcher was a juridical-normative research method equipped with an in-depth case approach using the ratio decidendi theory. The technique of collecting legal materials used was a literature study. The legal material analysis technique used was deductive data analysis.

"It was in Control of Me": Notions of Addiction and Online Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offending.

This paper focuses on notions of "addiction" among users of online child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) through a comparative analysis of two qualitative studies. The first is a 17-month anthropological ethnography (participant observation, interviews, and focus groups) in UK group programs for CSEM users, and the second is based on interviews with individuals in sexual offense treatment units of a US prison. We thematically analyze the narratives of 103 CSEM users at different timepoints and settings from pre-trial to incarceration. Those citing "addiction" focused on three areas. First was pornography progression. Second were perceived indicators of "addiction" and alignment/analogy to other addictions, including ideas about losing control; ignoring detrimental consequences and continuing; physiological signs similar to withdrawal; likening to substances; and progression from "softer" to "harder" material. Third, less common was rejecting the "addiction" label, citing choice and responsibility. We situate these results within debates and literature regarding pornography and Internet "addiction"; implications of the label; societal conceptions of sexual offending; harms of CSEM; and treatment/prevention considerations. Lastly, highlighting the merit of interdisciplinary comparative qualitative analysis, we demonstrate similarities in narratives despite differences in location, timeframe, setting, conviction status, intervention programming, and research methods.

Evading Detection: What Do We Know about Men Charged with Extrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse following Delayed Detection?

ABSTRACT Most child sexual abuse (CSA) remains unreported and undetected. Despite this, much of what we know about perpetrators of CSA is derived from samples of convicted CSA offenders. Significant knowledge gaps remain about those who have evaded detection. This study addresses this gap with an in-depth content analysis of the case files of ten convicted child sexual offenders (CSOs) with the longest detection lag, selected from a broader group (n = 349) of men incarcerated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC). Participants were examined on a range of offender characteristics including Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), cognitive distortions, antisocial traits, indicators of pedophilia and Machiavellian or narcissistic traits, offense facilitating factors, and grooming behavior. A tentative profile emerged with the following characteristics: direct experience of childhood abuse, various cognitive distortions, specialized rather than versatile criminal history, pedophilic traits, Machiavellian traits, and engaging in a range of offense-facilitating behaviors including grooming. We provide insight into offenders who evade detection for CSA and set the foundation for further research to inform prevention strategies for law enforcement agencies and child-serving organizations.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Glorifikasi dari Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencabulan


 Today, children are often victims of sexual abuse. Child molestation is a very disgraceful treatment that damages the future of the child, both physically and psychologically. One of the examples of cases of child abuse is the case that was committed by SJ. After being released from prison, SJ received a lot of applause in the public. The glorification of the SJ case can be seen as normalizing perpetrators of sexual abuse in the public. The purpose of this research is to examine the legal arrangements for the glorification of perpetrators of criminal acts of obscenity and to reveal protection for victims who have experienced crimes of sexual abuse. The type of research used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Sources of legal materials are primary and secondary legal materials. To get valid data, the researcher used library research techniques, namely taking notes, summarizing, and giving reviews. The results of the study revealed that the regulation of perpetrators of criminal acts of obscenity is regulated in Article 289 of the Criminal Code and for the glorification of perpetrators of criminal acts of obscenity has not been specifically regulated. Protection of victims who have experienced criminal acts of obscenity is regulated in Articles 6, 7 and 7A of Law no. 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims.
 ban Glorifikasi Dari Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencabulan

Hindsight bias in assessing child sexual abuse

ABSTRACT Two studies using large samples of jury-eligible adults tested whether hindsight influences perceptions of potential grooming behaviours. In study 1, participants (n = 371) were presented with vignettes describing five different interactions between an adult and children and rated the likelihood that these behaviours were indicative of sexual abuse in foresight and in hindsight. In hindsight, the ratings of the behaviours doubled in size, evidence of hindsight bias. This finding held even for participants who had received training on how to identify possible sexual abuse. Study 2 used the same stimuli but randomly assigned participants (n = 159) to a hindsight or not condition; estimates of the likelihood that the adult is a child molester were double the size in the former group compared to the latter group. These findings have implications for civil lawsuits occasioned by sexual abuse that occurs within youth-serving organisations.

Chemical Castration for Child Rapists Judging from Indonesia's Ratification of ICCPR and CAT

The Mojokertoo District Court imposed a castration sentence for the crime of raping a child. Indonesia is still focused on retributive justice. The punishment of chemical castration destroys the mental and future of the perpetrators. The purpose of this study is to describe chemical castration about Indonesia's ratification of the ICCPR and CAT, and chemical punishment in terms of the purpose of punishment. This study uses a normative approach, and the data used are secondary data and qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the imposition of chemical castration for the crime of raping children by the Mojokerto District Court Judge is contrary to Indonesia's ratification of ICCPR, CAT, and violates human rights. The punishment for castration is physical and mental torture. The ICCPR and CAT regulate the prohibition of torture, both physical and mental, which degrades human dignity. Castration is seen as physical and mental torture. Torture is one of the important international instruments in the protection of human rights. Committing torture is seen as an international crime. Chemical castration is a punishment that focuses on deterring the perpetrators. The purpose of punishment includes the protection of the community, rehabilitating and resocializing the perpetrators, to restore the balance between the perpetrators and the people who are disturbed by the commission of a crime. The punishment system is not a prison regulation system but has adopted a correctional system. The penitentiary system is no longer focused on retaliation but on fostering the perpetrators to realize their evil deeds. The punishment of criminals must also pay attention to the values contained in Pancasila, and the values that live in society. The crime of chemical castration needs to be reviewed.

Chemical Castration for Child Rapists Judging from Indonesia's Ratification of ICCPR and CAT

The Mojokertoo District Court imposed a castration sentence for the crime of raping a child. Indonesia is still focused on retributive justice. The punishment of chemical castration destroys the mental and future of the perpetrators. The purpose of this study is to describe chemical castration about Indonesia's ratification of the ICCPR and CAT, and chemical punishment in terms of the purpose of punishment. This study uses a normative approach, and the data used are secondary data and qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the imposition of chemical castration for the crime of raping children by the Mojokerto District Court Judge is contrary to Indonesia's ratification of ICCPR, CAT, and violates human rights. The punishment for castration is physical and mental torture. The ICCPR and CAT regulate the prohibition of torture, both physical and mental, which degrades human dignity. Castration is seen as physical and mental torture. Torture is one of the important international instruments in the protection of human rights. Committing torture is seen as an international crime. Chemical castration is a punishment that focuses on deterring the perpetrators. The purpose of punishment includes the protection of the community, rehabilitating and resocializing the perpetrators, to restore the balance between the perpetrators and the people who are disturbed by the commission of a crime. The punishment system is not a prison regulation system but has adopted a correctional system. The penitentiary system is no longer focused on retaliation but on fostering the perpetrators to realize their evil deeds. The punishment of criminals must also pay attention to the values contained in Pancasila, and the values that live in society. The crime of chemical castration needs to be reviewed.