Psychological Development Of Children Research Articles

Animation of Free Time and Support for Psychomotor Development of Infants Aged Over 3 Months

This article constitutes a desk study regarding animation of free time and its influence on the psychomotor development of infants aged over 3 months. The article discusses the concept of free time of infants. The motor and psychological development of children between the age of three months to one year is presented. Moreover, different ways of spending free time by the parent and child are shown. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the role of supporting early child development through appropriate selection of games and other activities in line with the individual stage of development of an infant. The article has been prepared based on a literature review (including PubMed, Research Gate, EBSCO) as well as analysis of selected offers of commercial animation activities available in the city of Poznan, taking into account the individual stages of development and their impact on the comprehensive development of infants. Moreover, a list of activities recommended for children which are adequate to specific periods of their development was also prepared.

Webbed Penis

Webbed penis may be congenital or acquired in etiology. Treatments are indicated for reasons such as cosmetic concerns and erection pain. This study aims at reviewing the etiology, symptoms, types of surgical correction, and outcomes of webbed penis. We searched Medline/PubMed for “webbed penis” and “inconspicuous penis” from 1956 through 2019. In this study, we discuss the advantages, drawbacks, and outcomes of each surgical method. We also explain the postoperative cosmetic outcomes and complications of the previously proposed surgical methods. Since the isolated congenital webbed penis is uncommon, there is a paucity of large-scale studies for the treatment of webbed penis. A variety of methods are proposed to correct webbed penis, including traditional transverse incision and vertical closure, Z-plasty, V-Y advancement technique, Byars preputial flap method, and other methods. Preoperative design is essential and is based on not only the degree of penoscrotal fusion but also the surgeon's experience and preference of the surgical methods. Some methods call for elaborate skin flaps that may be technically complicated. The immediate outcomes of surgical correction for webbed penis are good. However, studies on long-term cosmetic results and patient satisfaction remain scarce. Hence, surgical correction of the webbed penis generally yields good results. Long-term follow-up of postoperative cosmetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the impact of surgery on the psychological development of children are indicated.

Okul İçi Oyun Alanlarının İlkokul Dönemi Çocuklarının Gereksinimine Yeterliliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma

It has been known for many years that the physical, mental and psychological development of children is different from adults and have played an important role in the development of the places to be built for them. Childhood causes different requirements since it has different developmental stages than other age periods. Providing appropriate emotional environmental conditions for children is important whichever of the developmental periods. Knowing the requirements of children and designing places to meet these requirements are important at this stage. At the present time, both psychological and physiological differences between children and adults have been accepted. Nevertheless, many children's places designed by adults do not adequately support the child's perceptual, cognitive, and spiritual behavior. On the other hand, play is an important element for completion of the child's especially motor development. Therefore, places such as houses, close surroundings, schools and play areas for children are gaining importance in the environment where the child is involved. Consequently, in this study where the requirements of the children were investigated in the indoor and outdoor playgrounds for school, child and game concepts have been examined and the characteristics of primary school children of 6-12 age group have been mentioned with examination of child development. A survey study has been conducted with the children of this age group and the results have been given.

Maternal and family predictors of infant psychological development in at-risk families: A multilevel longitudinal study.

The impact of different parenting-related variables on child psychological development is widely acknowledged. However, studies about the specific influence of maternal and family dimensions on child early developmental outcomes in at-risk dyads are still scarce. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the short- and middle-term effects of prenatal and postnatal family and maternal features, and child attachment, on child psychological development at 3 and 24 months in at-risk families. Forty-two mothers with psychological, social and/or demographic risk conditions and their first-born infants were assessed longitudinally. Measurements of maternal personality, psychological and depressive symptoms, family socioeconomic status (SES), child-mother attachment, and infant general psychological development were collected at multiple time points, through validated questionnaires and/or mother-child observation. Maternal and family dimensions showed a significant effect on child psychological development over time. The expected detrimental role of reported maternal depressive symptoms was observed both at 3 and 24 months of child's age. Data also highlighted the negative contribution of low family SES and an unexpected positive influence of maternal personality trait of psychoticism on child psychological development at 24 months. We also found a positive association between attachment security and child developmental outcome. These findings might have relevant implications for the implementation of early prevention programs by differentiating the specific predictive role of maternal child and familial factors on child psychological development in at-risk families.

P5310College students under stress have elevated cardiovascular risk factors associated to eating disorders

Abstract Background High prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the global adult population refers to the need for prevention. Tracking phenomenon studies have inferred that since childhood, risk and protection factors can be identified, thus supporting public health policies. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of stress and the cardiovascular risk factor in Brazilian students. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in our city with 3,471 students, both sexes, from 7 to 13 years old, 51.7% of whom were non-Caucasian, aiming to analyze 31 variables: a) biological markers for cardiovascular risk (weight, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, use of medications); b) health-related behavioural variables (ingestion of fruits, vegetables, meats, fish, dairy products, sweets, sugary drinks, fast food, snacks, lunch at home or at school, daily study hours, physical activity at school and out of school, means of transport to go to school, screen time); c) emotional variables (perceived stress at school and at home); d) socio-demographic data (sex, age, ethnicity). Data were collected in schools and tabulated; Network analysis considered 16 composite variables. Results A total of 17.5% of obesity and 16.2% of overweight verified at the studied population. Children and adolescents, under stress, are shown to have higher cholesterol levels, followed by increased use of medications or supplements, and increased physical activity, higher ratios for boys and non-white ethnicity individuals. Eating lunch provided by the school and being a female served as a protective factor for cardiovascular risk. Conclusion Considering the already known impact of stress on children's physical and psychological development and cardiovascular risk, it is urgent to establish public policies aimed at preventing these conditions, which have been severely perceived in very young, non-white and resident of a periphery of metropolises individuals.

PELATIHAN TERAPI PERMAINAN KOOPERATIF SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGATASI TEMPER TANTRUM PADA ANAK PAUD DAN TK DI KECAMATAN AMBARAWA

Abstract
 
 Temper Tantrum is an uncontrolled emotional outflow in children, which often occurs in preschool children. The lack of understanding of teachers and parents in dealing with children with temper tantrum can result in unfavorable to the child's psychological development. Provision of appropriate information and skills on handling temper tantrums through cooperative game therapy to students, teachers and parents, is considered as an effort to prevent or minimize the appearance of temper tantrums. The purpose of this activity is the high participation of students in cooperative games and increasing the knowledge of teachers and parents of students about handling children with temper tantrums through cooperative games. The method used is screening knowledge about temper tantrums, then the implementation of cooperative game training is 2 meetings. The result of this service activity is that all students participate in cooperative games. Besides the participants' knowledge (teachers and parents), at the time of the pretest knowledge was 40% less, 35% Fair and 25% Good and at the posttest knowledge was 5% Less, 35% Fair and 65% Good. Thus it can be concluded there is an increase in the knowledge of participants to a large extent good. Thus through community service, the participants are expected to be able to carry out prevention of Temper tantrum properly.

Child maltreatment and modifying factors in Shanghai, China

The risk of child abuse and neglect is greatest in early childhood and is associated with adverse psychosocial well-being over the lifespan. The true prevalence is difficult to quantify and there are often large discrepancies between actual maltreatment, reports to authorities, and confirmation by authorities. Shan et al attempt to determine the prevalence of maltreatment by collecting parental reports about 20 324 children aged 3-4 years who were enrolling into 191 kindergartens in Shanghai, China. Previous reports of child maltreatment in China were based on victim reports, which limited the sample to older children, adolescents, and adults. Parents completed an online survey that entailed a single-item question about whether their child had ever experienced abuse (physical, mental, or sexual) or neglect (emotional or physical). This question was examined in relationship to parental responses to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale. With 97.3% of 20 899 invited parents participating, the authors found that 2.7% of parents reported child maltreatment with only 1.3% of respondents failing to answer the question. Demographic characteristics associated with child maltreatment included lower socioeconomic status, father as the primary caregiver, and having a sibling. The negative impact on child psychological development and well-being was modified by the frequency of positive parent-child interactions. The likelihood of under-reporting is significant due to cultural factors, parental denial, and/or fear of repercussion. Furthermore, as the authors note, harsh parenting behavior in China is perceived positively as a sign of “concern and love,” which would reduce the probability that parents describe their actions as maltreatment in self-reports. The positive take away is to promote frequent positive parent-child interactions, which can reduce the adverse outcomes associated with child maltreatment, benefitting the child, the family, and society at large. Article page 180▸ Association between Maltreatment, Positive Parent–Child Interaction, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Young ChildrenThe Journal of PediatricsVol. 213PreviewTo explore the prevalence of maltreatment and the combined effect of maltreatment and frequency of positive parent–child interaction on psychosocial well-being in young children in China. Full-Text PDF

Associations between prenatal maternal mental health indices and mother-infant relationship quality 6 to 18 months' postpartum: A systematic review.

Maternal mental disorders can significantly impact on children's psychosocial and psychological development, incurring substantial ongoing economic and personal costs. A key mediating mechanism is mother-infant relationship quality (MIRQ). Research studies and perinatal mental health screening initiatives have predominantly focused on depressive symptoms and perinatal depression as predictors of MIRQ. While maternal depression is associated with suboptimal MIRQ, the findings have not been consistent. Personality characteristics are associated with parenting and proneness to depression, presenting a potential addition to prenatal mental health assessment. We conducted a systematic review of studies that have examined the link between prenatal depressive symptoms and/or personality characteristics with postnatal MIRQ. Our findings suggest that both maternal personality traits and depressive symptoms measured in early pregnancy are associated with postnatal MIRQ. A measure of personality characteristics may enhance prenatal mental health assessment, affording opportunities for targeted intervention commencing in pregnancy to improve MIRQ, parenting, maternal mental health outcomes, and infant psychosocial and psychological development, and thereby contributing to the reduction of human and economic cost burdens.

Placental Studies for Child Development.

Research on children's psychological and behavioral development readily incorporates changing biological models and techniques. In this article, we suggest that, in response to increasing evidence of robust influences of prenatal exposures on children's neurodevelopment and mental and physical health, developmental science also needs to consider the placenta's role in development. We argue why placental mechanisms are plausible targets in developmental science, and suggest initial and practical steps toward integrating placenta markers and mechanisms into research on child development.

The Role of Spiritual Approach in Family Parenting: A Study of Lecturers at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">The number of hoax news, hate speeches, and acts of violence that are viral on social media can disrupt the physical, emotional and psychological development of children. This article mainly describes the role of spiritual approach in family parenting to children. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The research subject is lecturers at IAIN Kudus. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore and collect data. The result denotes that family parenting had impacts on character, emotional, psychology, and physical development of children. The spiritual approach can be implemented in family parenting through several ways including the habituation of positive values and characters, role models, commitment and consistency from parents, positive communication between parents and children. Besides, parents can support and get involved in children’s activities through positive ways such as approximation, approval, and positive expression of parents towards children. Through the spiritual approach, children will be able to develop optimally both in the intellectual aspect (IQ) and emotional aspects (EQ).</p>

Correlation analysis of vertigo etiology and age in children

Objective:To study the etiology of vertigo in children and analyze the relationship between the etiology of vertigo and the age category. Method:One hundred and forty-four cases of children with vertigo or dizziness were selected. All patients received the vertigo questionnaire, audiological, vestibular function and other related examinations. JMP 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. Result:Of 144 patients, 17 cases were preschool age (<6 years old), 101 cases were school age (6-12 years old) and 26 cases were puberty (>12 years old). All patients were mainly distributed between 6 and 10 years old. The most common diagnoses was benign paroxysmal vertigo. The second one was vestibular migraine. Incidence rate of the same disease in different ages was also different. Benign paroxysmal vertigo and vestibular migraine in preschool age, school age and puberty accounted for 58.8%, 42.6%, 0 and 0, 17.8%, 30.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Benign paroxysmal vertigo and vestibular migraine were the most common causes of vertigo in children. Prevalence rate and the etiology was various in different ages. Due to the physical and psychological development of children, analyzing the cause of vertigo in children should be fully considered these characteristics.

Early Childhood Education and Care Physical Environment and Child Development: State of the art and Reflections on Future Orientations and Methodologies

In relation to the growing attention to the quality of physical space in early childhood education and care (ECEC), the present scoping review aims to define the state of the art regarding the relationship between the physical environment of ECEC services and the psychological development of children. After 50 years of research in this field, this contribution should promote understanding of what scientific studies have achieved so far, in order to prompt useful reflections for education professionals and identify future directions of research. A systematic analysis of the psychological and educational databases has provided 88 publications on the topic. The contents of the studies identified refer to two main thematic areas: “perception of physical environment,” which includes both children’s and adults’ perceptions, and “relation between physical environment and child development,” which includes behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects of development. Although the studies included have used several methods and investigated different aspects of environment, systematic analysis has enabled the identification of some topics that recur among the studies, such as the significance of adults’ awareness about their perception of space, the importance of a child-centered approach, and the relevance of the participation of stakeholders in the design processes. Finally, these main findings are summarized and reflections on future conceptual and methodological orientations in the field are discussed.

Treatment of Large Scars in Children Using Artificial Dermis and Scalp Skin Grafting

Large scars formed after burns injury can seriously hamper appearance and function in children. Surgical resection of scars and secondary skin or flap grafting often brings severe damages to donor sites, which may lead to physiological and psychological development disorders in children. Here, we introduce the use of artificial dermis and skin grafts from scalps to treat large scars in children to minimize the donor site morbidity. A retrospective char review was performed including 7 children with large scars between January 2016 and December 2017. First, the scars were resected, and artificial dermis was applied to the secondary wounds. Twelve days later, outer silicone membrane was removed. Another 2 days later, scalp skin grafts of 0.3 mm were transplanted to the wounds. Manchester Scar Scale and Visual Analog Scale were used to evaluate scar appearance before and after the treatment respectively. One special patient with extensive scars was treated twice at an interval of 1 year. The first therapy was performed with both conventional method of resection and skin grafting and the new method described above. In the second therapy, 4 samples were taken from 4 different sites-the normal skin, scars, the skin where artificial dermis and scalp skin grafting were performed, and the skin where only scalp skin grafting was performed. H-E staining, Masson staining, Aldehyde fuchsin staining, and scanning electron microscopy were used for histological observation. All skin grafts survived well. The Manchester Scar Scale score of the graft area was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) after the treatment. Histological examination showed obviously better dermis arrangement where artificial dermis and scalp grafting was performed. The therapy achieves better appearances and minimizes donor site morbidity. It is beneficial to physical and psychological development of children and provides an alternative to treat children with large scars.

Developmental psychologies in the Roman world: Change and continuity.

A common view among ancient historians about Roman attentiveness to children's psychological development needs reconsideration. The view holds that Romans ignored children's cognitive ontogeny, perceiving early childhood as a largely undifferentiated life stage. A separate but related issue is the problematic claim that Roman childhood was entirely a matter of social construction. I present evidence from over four hundred years of Roman writing to make three points against Roman neglect of children and radical social construction. First, a consensus (granted our limited number of sources) about "developmental psychology" prevailed from the late republic to late antiquity. Second, this consensus is consistent with modern findings and theories. In particular, the Roman material maps onto a developmental timeline featuring a "2-month revolution," when the infant engages in dyadic protoconversations with adults, and a "9-month revolution," when the infant shares attention triadically with adults toward third objects. In the Roman consensus, both dyadic protoconversations and triadic joint attention were central to cultural learning. Third, when the Roman consensus about children's minds did change, it was because of the Christian doctrine of original sin, according to which even newborns were psychologically corrupt. Nonetheless, I argue, this rupture in the Roman consensus does not entail that we should suppose childhood to have been entirely a social construction or merely a projection of a religious or other ideology. Rather, any construction of childhood-even the late-antique Christian one-will necessarily rest upon a foundation of, and thus be constrained by, certain inescapable biological and psychological "givens." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Determinants of Insomnia among Mothers during Postpartum Period in Northwest Ethiopia.

Objective Postpartum period is a state of instability that may be accompanied by mood liability, anxiety, insomnia, and neuropsychiatric disturbance in women. This neuropsychiatric disturbance has a negative influence on the child's psychological and physical development. Our aim was to see the level of sleep difficulties among postpartum mothers in three obstetric care settings in Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at one referral hospital and two health centers. A total of 988 postpartum mothers had been interviewed for sleep difficulties by using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used and P-value <0.05 was used for indicating significant variables. Result The prevalence of sleep difficulty between four to six weeks of postpartum period was 21.8% (215/988). Marital status of divorced/widowed/separated [AOR= 2.29, 95% CI (1.40, 6.08)], no educational opportunity [AOR= 2.35, 95% CI (1.57, 3.51)], having poor social support [AOR=2.82, 95% CI (1.63, 4.88)], alcohol use [AOR=1.58, 95% CI (1.13, 2.22)], history of depression [AOR=1.93, 95% CI (1.13, 3.31)], and who has poor support from husband [AOR=1.94, 95% CI (1.18, 3.18)] had association with sleep difficulty. Conclusion There is a high magnitude of sleep difficulties during four to six weeks of postpartum period in postpartum mothers and they are associated with many preventable risk factors.

Effects of Pre-school Play on Motor Development in Children

Motor skills are considered important for children's physical, social, and psychological development. Pre-school age seems to be decisive for the development of motor skills. Our study's aim was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks game education on the motor development of pre-school children aged 4 to 6 years. In the research, experimental method pre-test / post-test and control group design was used. In this study, a total of 30 boys and 30 girls were enrolled. The research consisted of a total of 60 children who were studying in pre-school and were selected via random sampling model. In order to collect data, 12 weeks game education was conducted on participants. Motor Performance test protocol, developed by Morris, Atwater Williams and Willmore in 1980, was used on both experiment and control group children, in order to measure their motor performance before and after 12-weeks game education. Average and standard deviation values were calculated for the data collected. Children's throwing, catching, long jump, vertical jump, running, and stopping skills were measured. Mean and standard deviations of the data obtained in the study were taken. A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in terms of post-test. A statistically significant difference was found in the experimental group pre-test and post-test comparisons. In these comparisons, the post-test values were found to be higher than the pre-test values. According to the results of the research, it is necessary to apply more long-term applications to increase the positive effect of 12-Weeks basic game education at the levels of motor development in children aged 4 to 6 years old.

A Horrible Fascination: Sex, Segregation, &amp; the Lost Politics of Obscenity

Building on current interest in the regulation of child pornography, this article goes back to the 1950s, recovering a lost history of how southern segregationists used the battle against obscenity to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. Itself focused on the psychological development of children, Brown sparked a discursive backlash in the South focused on claims that the races possessed different cultures and that white children would be harmed joined a larger, regional campaign, a constitutional guerilla war mounted by moderates and extremists alike that swept onto cultural, First Amendment terrain even as the frontal assault of massive resistance succumbed to federal might. A radical re-reading of prevailing understandings of southern resistance to Brown, this article posits that civil rights proved much more culturally contingent than scholars have so far recognized, reframing the manner in which we understand Brown, its progeny, and current constitutional debates over the relationship between rights and race.

Physical activity and yoga for holistic development of personality an initiative to foster positive outcomes: A review report

Physical activity and yoga are the most traditional and ancient Indian sciences that originally consisted of varied practices including physical postures known as asana, regulated breathing and meditation. It involves understanding the spiritual basis and ethical practices of life. It goes without saying that yoga is useful in enhancing physical, mental, emotional as well as social development. It leads to the enhancement of physical fitness, cognitive abilities and psychological development of children. It aids to calm the mind thereby providing serenity and composure through stimulation, relaxation and self-awareness. Yoga is the movement of the body through different condition, postures and poses. It is the way through which internal and external facilities of an individual meets in totality and through yoga children can achieve both physical and mental harmony. Numerous research studies suggest that providing yoga within the school curriculum is inevitably an effective way to help students to develop and maintain self-regulation, mind-body awareness and physical fitness among students. Yoga fosters positive student outcomes such as improved behaviour, mental health and better performance.

Sleep Quality Assessment of Adolescents Residing in an Urban Resettlement Colony, New Delhi, India.

Background:Sleep is essential for physical and psychological development of children as well as adolescents. Poor sleep has been noted to lead to poor diet, obesity, stunted growth, mental health issues, and substance abuse. Despite the knowledge regarding the importance of sufficient sleep, the prevalence of insufficient sleep has been noted to increase among children and adolescents.Objective and Aim:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality among adolescents of an urban resettlement colony and to evaluate the association of poor sleep quality with the correlates.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted including 620 adolescents aged 10–19 years, in an Urban Resettlement Colony, Dakshinpuri Extension, New Delhi. A self-reported interview was conducted with the pretested, semi-structured interview schedule. The interview focused on sociodemographic variable, sleep quality using Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Perceived stress scale, screen time, and anthropometric measurements.Results:The mean of Pittsburgh sleep quality index total score was 2.3 (standard deviation = 1.9). Among the adolescents, 7.3% of them were found to be poor sleepers. Poor sleep quality was observed to be higher during school days as compared to vacation (9.3%, 6.5%, respectively). Adolescents of age group equal to and > 15 years have higher odds of having poor sleep quality than those younger than 15 years of age (odds ratio = 4.9; 95% confidence interval: 2.2, 10.8).Conclusion:Significant difference in sleep duration was noted among adolescents of age ≥15 years as compared to the younger group in the present study.

Psiquiatría psicosomática del niño y adolescente con enfermedades crónicas: enfermedades renales

Las enfermedades crónicas infantiles tienen una gran influencia no sólo en lo físico, sino también en el desarrollo psicológico de los niños y adolescentes. Las enfermedades renales son frecuentes en este grupo de edad, presentan fundamentalmente síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, baja autoestima, además de los efectos secundarios de la inmunosupresión. Debido a que son patologías de características crónicas, con gran impacto de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos y el alto riesgo de hospitalizaciones para recibir el tratamiento idóneo, conllevan una alteración del funcionamiento (social, familiar, escolar) habitual de los niños y adolescentes. Por lo que es importante, un abordaje multidisciplinar en estos casos, debido a la influencia de los factores psicológicos para minimizar el impacto de la patología, mejorar el curso y la adherencia terapéutica en este tipo de enfermedades de características crónicas.