Age Children Research Articles

Fetal overgrowth and weight trajectories during infancy and adiposity in early childhood.

Large-for-gestational age (LGA), a marker of fetal overgrowth, has been linked to obesity in adulthood. Little is known about how infancy growth trajectories affect adiposity in early childhood in LGA. In the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we followed up 259 LGA (birth weight >90th percentile) and 1673 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, 10th-90th percentiles) children on body composition (by InBody 770) at age 4 years. Adiposity outcomes include body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity, and high adiposity (PBF >85th percentile). Three weight growth trajectories (low, mid, and high) during infancy (0-2 years) were identified in AGA and LGA subjects separately. BFM, PBF and BMI were progressively higher from low- to mid-to high-growth trajectories in both AGA and LGA children. Compared to the mid-growth trajectory, the high-growth trajectory was associated with greater increases in BFM and the odds of overweight/obesity or high adiposity in LGA than in AGA children (tests for interactions, all P < 0.05). Weight trajectories during infancy affect adiposity in early childhood regardless of LGA or not. The study is the first to demonstrate that high-growth weight trajectory during infancy has a greater impact on adiposity in early childhood in LGA than in AGA subjects. Large-for-gestational age (LGA), a marker of fetal overgrowth, has been linked to obesity in adulthood, but little is known about how weight trajectories during infancy affect adiposity during early childhood in LGA subjects. The study is the first to demonstrate a greater impact of high-growth weight trajectory during infancy (0-2 years) on adiposity in early childhood (at age 4 years) in subjects with fetal overgrowth (LGA) than in those with normal birth size (appropriate-for-gestational age). Weight trajectory monitoring may be a valuable tool in identifying high-risk LGA children for close follow-ups and interventions to decrease the risk of obesity.

Probiotic Weizmannia coagulans MTCC 5856 as adjunct therapy in children's acute diarrhea-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Acute diarrhea in children is generally managed by replacing the lost fluid with oral rehydration solution (ORS). Probiotic supplementation has been reported to reduce the severity of diarrhea. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Weizmannia coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) MTCC 5856, along with ORS on acute diarrhea of all causes in non-hospitalized children. A total of 110 children of ages between 1 and 10 were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study and were randomly allocated to receive W. coagulans MTCC 5856 (4 × 108 spores, N = 54) + ORS and zinc (Zn) or a placebo (N = 56) + ORS and (Zn) for 5 days. The consistency of the stool, mean duration of diarrhea in hours, mean diarrhea frequency per day, and the dehydration status were collected as efficacy endpoints. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of adverse events. The mean age of the children was 5.55 ± 2.57 years (61 boys and 49 girls). The mean duration of diarrhea was 51.31 ± 20.99 h in the W. coagulans MTCC 5856 group and 62.74 ± 24.51 h in the placebo (p = 0.011) group. The frequency of diarrhea was lower in children supplemented with the probiotic, but the difference was not statistically significant. The perceived efficacy score and dehydration status improved significantly in the W. coagulans MTCC 5856 group compared with the placebo group. No adverse events were recorded. The results of the study suggest that W. coagulans MTCC 5856 could be supplemented along with ORS and zinc to reduce the duration of diarrhea in non-hospitalized children. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier CTRI/2022/06/043239.

Socialization About Importance Save Since Early

Financial management is one of the important things that must be done, wrong One method manage Money in a way simple is with _ save. Save can started from an early age or elementary school children. The aim of socializing savings from an early age to students class 4 And 5. School Base 100 Gresik, Benjeng is For increase interest save students and implementing a frugal lifestyle in their daily lives. Method used consisting of coordination, media preparation, socialization. Apart from presenting the material, students are invited to play quizzes to train concentration related to the benefits of saving early, through method the as form saying Thank You And appreciation student giving a gift in the form of a piggy bank which can be useful in saving activities. Results from socialization is can grow interest save student, increase knowledge about save like meaning save, benefit save And method save and be able to implement savings habits for grade 4 and 5 students at SD 100 Gresik, Benjeng.

Eating Habits Of Polish Children

Introduction: Unhealthy eating habits in childhood, usually based on a Western diet, can lead to overweight and obesity. They are also an important factor in the increased risk of developing many diet-related diseases later in life. Early identification of school aged children with poor eating habits can help reduce the risk of obesity and the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to analyze selected dietary habits of school-aged children and adolescents.Material and Methods: The study involved data collected from 2,986 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 attending se lected schools in Poland as part of the e-PE program. Results: In the study group, 76% of children and adolescents reported consuming 3-4 meals per day. A little over 11% restricted themselves to fewer meals, while the remainder adopted a pattern of 5 or more meals. Irregular eating patterns were reported by 40.7% of respondents. Conclusions: In view of the more frequent occurrence of nutritional abnormalities in children and adolescents, and thus a greater risk for the emergence of numerous consequences in later years of life, it is necessary to systematically monitor diet as a risk factor for the development of overweight and obesity to implement interventions to counteract weight gain at an early stage of adverse changes.

An empirical study on the development of metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children.

Metaphor affects how people focus, remember, and process information and significantly influences children's language development. The study explored metaphorical comprehension by Chinese children of different ages (5-8 years). We collected response times and accuracy rates when they processed metaphorical and literal sentences with the graded salience. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed that Chinese children's metaphorical ability improved with age. Subsequent analysis found that the perception period of metaphorical knowledge was at age 5, the development stage of metaphorical knowledge was at age 6 and 7, and the rational decision period of metaphorical ability was at age 8. After 8-year-old, children can invoke the knowledge of the intention schema while activating the source domain, and this knowledge can be automatically and quickly mapped to the target domain. Meanwhile, language development and cognitive processing influenced the metaphorical comprehension of Chinese children, especially children of 8 years of age who had the highest correct rate and the shortest reaction time to process low-saliency metaphorical sentences, while 5-year-old children had the highest accuracy in high-saliency metaphorical sentence and 6-year-old children got the longest reaction time to process sentence in high-saliency metaphor. This study may provide evidence for improving and training metaphor comprehension in children with special needs such as those with an autism spectrum disorder.

Factors associated with work ability among employees of an Italian university hospital

BackgroundA growing body of evidence clearly documents the benefits of integrated systems approaches to protecting and promoting the safety, health and well-being of workers. The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic view of the work ability of employees of an Italian University Hospital measuring their resources in relation to job demands. In particular, it examines socio-demographics, family and organizational antecedents of health professionals’ work ability.MethodsA survey was conducted to assess the work ability of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses and administrative staff, working at the University Hospital of Modena (Italy). The data collection allows us to get a sample of 443 workers, who correspond to 11% of the target population. The data were analyzed using preliminary statistics on the main characteristics of the sample in terms of work ability, socio-demographic variables, family and organizational characteristics. In addition, logit models of the likelihood of having high work ability were estimated using SPSS version 25.ResultsWork ability decreases with increasing age, comorbidity, high body mass index, having at least one child under 5 and/or a dependent adult, having a poor work-life balance, and doing more than 20 h of housework. Specific job resources can significantly promote work ability, including relationship-oriented leadership, autonomy in decision making and individuals’ skill match. The nursing profession is associated with a low work ability. Finally, a significant gender gap has been documented. Women find it more difficult to reconcile life and work, especially when they have children of preschool age and work in professions with greater responsibilities, as in the case of women doctors, who experience lower work capacity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that it is necessary to consider other factors, in addition to age, that are equally relevant in influencing work ability. Consequently, organisational interventions could be implemented to improve the work ability of all workers. In addition, we propose targeted interventions for groups at risk of reduced work capacity, in particular older workers (45 years and over), nurses, women with children of preschool age and in the position of physician.

Three years of COVID-19 in children that attend the Mexican Social Security Institute's 1,350 child day-care centers, 2020-2023.

Studies have suggested that children are less likely than adults to develop COVID-19; however, with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, hospitalization and death due to this cause have increased among the youngest ones. Retrospective, descriptive analytical study of the COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths occurred in children under five years who attended in Child Day-Care Centers (Centros de Atención Infantil-CAIs) of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from 20th July 2020 to 31st March 2023. Results were compared with Mexico's and the US's national-level data. Incidence, attack (children and workers) and mortality rates were estimated. The risks of getting sick, being hospitalized and dying due to COVID-19 were calculated by year. There were 4,369 COVID-19 cases among children from IMSS CAIs; 67 (1.5%) required hospitalization and only two deaths were reported (0.04%). Both at IMSS CAIs and at a national level in Mexico and the US, the highest incidences of COVID-19 among children under five years occurred during Omicron prevalence. The attack rate among workers (32.93%) was higher than children (4.99%). Hospitalization and mortality rates in the US decreased since the anti-COVID 19 vaccine was introduced in children older than six months, unlike the rates in Mexico, where the vaccine for this age group was not available. By the year 2020, the children that attended the IMSS CAIs were 77.3% less likely to be hospitalized; 80.9% in 2021, 93.2% in 2022, and 77.7% by March 2023, compared to same age children in Mexico. In 2021, the children that attended IMSS CAIs were 90.6% less likely to die due to COVID-19, and by March 2023, this likelihood was 34.3% lower than the rest of children in this age group in Mexico. Children that attended IMSS CAIs had a smaller risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. However, the high rates of hospitalization and death due to SARS-CoV-2 in children under five years in our country point to the need and urgency of vaccination against this virus in this age group, as well as of the adherence to strict detection and medical referral protocols.

The interconnection between the emotional state and the level of development of logical thinking of children of preschool senior age

The problem of the relationship between emotions and thinking in mental activity deservedly occupies one of the key places in the work of researchers both abroad and in our country. This article examines the relationship between the emotional state and the level of development of logical thinking of children of preschool senior age. The study sample consisted of 100 preschool children aged 5 to 7 years, of which 55 were girls and 45 were boys. The study was conducted on the basis of preschool institutions in Rostov-on-Don. Two diagnostic methods were used: “Locomotive” technique (S.V. Velieva); “Establishing the Sequence of Events” (A. N. Bernstein). As a result of the empirical study, a significant connection was shown between the emotional state and the level of development of logical thinking of children of preschool senior age. In particular, it has been established that a child’s emotional well-being is one of the most important components for the development of thinking.

Длительные проявления COVID-19 у детей: обзор литературных данных и собственные клинические наблюдения

The pandemic of the new SARS-CoV-2 infection started in 2019 in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China. While in 2019–2020 the incidence of the new coronavirus infection affected mostly people older than 60 y. o. and people with comorbid background, in 2021 the virus spread to the world’s younger population, and in 2022 children of various ages started to be infected. The purpose is to study the post-COVID syndrome in children, to determine the relationship between clinical manifestations, IgG levels and laboratory parameters in children after the new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. A clinical study of 180 children aged from 6 to 18 y.o. was conducted. The examined children were divided into 3 groups: 1. Children who had the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, confirmed by PCR diagnostics. 2. Children who had an acute respiratory infection during an increase of the new coronavirus infection, with a negative PCR result for COVID-19. 3. The control group: 60 healthy children without signs of ARI during the COVID increase. Results. A year after the disease, 21.6% of children had symptoms that could be assessed as manifestations of long-term COVID-19, of which 71% had a positive IgG. Conclusions. Most children showed a link between clinical manifestations and the level of IgG for the SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, even 6 months after the disease period. Timely examination and differential diagnostics may not only help to diagnose early manifestations, but also to choose a therapy aimed at eliminating these pathological conditions.

The current situation of forming number symbols for children aged 3-6 according to the Montessori Method in independent preschool education institutions in Tuyen Quang City

This study examines the current situation of forming number symbols for children aged 3-6 using the Montessori Method in independent preschool education institutions in Tuyen Quang city, Tuyen Quang province. Survey results indicate that the awareness level of number symbols among children using the Montessori Method is primarily at an average and weak level. The main reason is that most preschool teachers struggle when using specialized math teaching aids and when planning math lessons for children, relying solely on the researched curriculum content for preschool teachers, uniformly designed for all children of the same age without considering differences in abilities, strengths, speeds, etc., to create the most suitable learning program for each child. This approach leads to a situation where children find lessons boring due to teacher requirements being either too low or too high. As a result, the author proposes several measures to form number symbols for children aged 3-6 using the Montessori Method in the surveyed area.

Visual Perception in Children with a History of Hypoglycemia due to Hyperinsulinism.

Hyperinsulinism refers to improper insulin secretion in the presence of low plasma glucose, causing severe and persistent hypoglycemia in infants and children. The brain's occipital lobe, which includes the visual and plays an essential role in visual perception is specifically sensitive to hypoglycemia-induced damage. The present study aims to investigate the visual perception in children suffering from hyperinsulinism and to compare it with the control group. This cross-sectional control study, conducted in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran, involved 20 children aged 4-13 years with hyperinsulinism and 20 healthy children of the same age and gender for comparison. In both groups, the measuring instrument was the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) Third Edition. The mean visual perceptual quotient in the case and control groups was 80.50±26.74 and 116.50±7.56 (p-value<0.001), respectively. The results overall indicated that children suffering from hyperinsulinism were weaker than healthy children in all areas of visual perception. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that children suffering from hyperinsulinism be screened regarding visual perceptual disorders since this screening may be helpful in initiating different rehabilitation programs among these patients.

Tension headache in children of primary school age

Tension headache in children of primary school age

Melatonin Levels in Children with Migraine.

Migraine is the most common primary headache in children. Neuromediators and deterioration in circadian rhythm and sleep disorders can play a role in the etiology of migraines. To determine the serum melatonin levels of children with migraine and the relationship between melatonin and childhood migraine. Thirty-five children aged between 10 and 18 years with migraine as the case group and 35 healthy children of similar age and sex as the control group were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken at 09.00 AM and melatonin analysis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean serum melatonin levels of the case group and control group were found to be 300.1 ± 67.3 pg/mL and 314.9 ± 64.0 pg/mL, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.351). Comparison of the melatonin levels in the case group according to the clinical characteristics was not significantly different. An association between sleep and migraine is predictable, but its pathophysiology is not yet known. Etiological studies continue and the relationship between melatonin and migraine remains unclear.

Education of toddlers and children in tender age in Colombia, 1870-1930

RESUMEN El artículo analiza la emergencia de la educación de la tierna edad y de los párvulos en Colombia entre 1870 y 1930 para gobernar al hombre desde el nacimiento, tanto en el hogar como en la escuela. Se recurrió a la historia de la práctica pedagógica como método, así mismo se empleó la lectura temática como metodología. Conceptualmente se utilizó la noción de gubernamentalidad para analizar la conducción de las conductas de los niños a partir de las relaciones que se tejen entre prácticas, racionalidades y tecnologías. Como resultados se presentan la individualización de la infancia en dos subetapas: los párvulos y la tierna edad, el desarrollo y la salvación del alma infantil como uno de los fines educativos y la maternalización de la educación como estrategia de gobierno. El texto finaliza problematizando la crisis actual de la educación de la(s) infancia(s) a la luz de los planteamientos de las sociedades neoliberales, para proponer otros modos de gobierno de los niños y las niñas.

The use of information computer technologies in the independent consolidation of knowledge in younger schoolchildren in the correction of dysgraphy

The relevance of studying the formation of independent consolidation of knowledge in children with disabilities is presented in a reasoned manner. Information and communication technologies are proposed by the authors as a tool for self-consolidation of knowledge. The authors consider such categories as independence, skills formation and children with disabilities, students with disabilities. Three directions in the theory of independent activity of P.I. Pidkasisty are revealed. The following authors made a great contribution to the study of self-consolidation of knowledge in children with disabilities: A. I. Herzen, V. G.Belinsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, N. G. Chernyshevsky, D. I. Pisarev, E.Ya. Golant, Ushinsky K.D., Kaptereva P.F., Vakhterova V.P. In the study, the authors selected subcategories of children with disabilities, especially children with oral and written speech violation. L.S. Volkova’s classification of written speech is revealed. The group of 40 primary school students (second grades) took part in the study. The analyzed speech disorders in children of primary school age revealed the importance of independent consolidation skills of knowledge at all stages of remedial work. The results of studies revealing the peculiarity of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of forming of independent consolidation skills of knowledge in children are considered. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the speech therapy program for the correction of written speech in primary schoolchildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) and using of computer technology, and the peculiarity of consolidating new knowledge at each stage of the study. The possibilities of using ICT as an effective resource for the formation of the of self-consolidation skills of knowledge in children with speech disorders are shown.

An overview of the nutritional status of childbearing age women, children and adolescents living in a rural area of Madagascar: preliminary results of the Tany Vao project.

To describe the food consumption, nutrition knowledge and nutritional assessment of childbearing age women and their children, living in rural villages in Madagascar. The results presented are related to the Tany Vao research study. A cross-sectional pilot study. The study was carried out in Ampanitosoha village on Nosy Mitsio island in Madagascar. 32 women (14-49 years) and 36 children and adolescents (2-17 years). 70 % of the women lacked nutrition knowledge and did not reach the Minimum Dietary Diversity Index for Women cut-off. The median BMI was 21·1 kg/m2 but 55·2 % of the women exceeded the cut-off for waist-to-hip ratio, 51·7 % for waist-to-height ratio and 81·2 % for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Almost all had adequate intake of energy, protein and carbohydrates, while 27·6 % had excessive fat intake and 75·9 % of added sugars. Over half of the women did not meet the micronutrients Reference Daily Intake (RDI). For children, the MUAC z-score was lower for boys than for girls (P-value = 0·041). These results underline the importance of increasing women's nutritional knowledge to promote healthy pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide people living in rural areas with sustainable tools to improve dietary diversity and support long-term health.

Effect of Preventive Nursing Guidelines about COVID-19 on Hospitalized School Age Children

Effect of Preventive Nursing Guidelines about COVID-19 on Hospitalized School Age Children

Timing for extraction of permanent first molars in school aged children: a pilot study.

Extraction of permanent first molars (P1Ms) could create gaps, tipping and/or rotating of neighboring teeth, which depend on the extraction timing. This study evaluated the outcomes of P1Ms extraction in children who were classified based on their permanent second molar's (P2Ms) dental calcification at the time of extraction. In this retrospective study, the evaluations were made for 406 panoramic radiographs (PRs) of children aged 7-14 years who had single P1M extracted. Twenty-nine children having pre- and post-treatment PRs were selected based on the inclusion criteria. First, 2 groups were formed based on the extraction time by using the pre-treatment PRs; Early extraction group (EE) (n = 15) including Nolla Grades 5-6-7, and late extraction group (LE) (n = 14) including Nolla Grades 8-9-10 for P2Ms. Then, the inclination degrees of neighbouring teeth on extraction side and contralateral quadrant (non-extraction) side were measured by using the post-extraction PRs. Mann-Whitney U test was employed, and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The mesial tipping tendency of P2M was significant towards the extraction side both at EE or LE calcification grades of P2Ms (p > 0.05). The mesial inclination degrees of maxillary P2Ms showed no statistically significant difference between the two sides of LE group. The ideal extraction time should be determined according to the dental age to plan an appropriate occlusal maintenance.

CHANGES IN MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN EARLY SCHOOL-AGED ROMA CHILDREN

In their contribution, the authors approach the issue of the movement performance of Roma children of younger school age by following the trends in the development of somatic and movement characteristics over a 20-year period. Our research was attended by (668 children) from elementary schools from five cities in the East Slovak region. The aim of the contribution is to identify the current state and level of somatic and motor characteristics of Roma children in primary education in primary schools of the East Slovak region in relation to age and gender. To determine the level of movement skills, we used selected tests from the EUROFIT battery. We compared the achieved research results of all children in our research (File: R 2019) with the research results of twenty years ago (Horváth: R 2001). By analyzing and comparing the results, we point out development trends after a 20-year period and at the same time provide an analysis of the causes of possible changes.

Assessment of Anthropometric Parameters and Selected Macronutrients Status in Children Attending Primary Health Care Centre Babban Dodo Zaria, Kaduna State

Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for patient morbidity and mortality as a result of socioeconomic challenges. The aim of the study is to assess the anthropometric indices and some selected macronutrients status in children attending clinic at Primary Health Care Centre Babban Dodo Zaria, Kaduna State. Sixty (60) participants were recruited for socio-demographic study using structured questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters (Body Mass Index, Mid Upper Arm Circumference and Hip), total protein, serum albumin and globulin were determined from the children attending the clinic. It was observed that, children of 8 months old and above showed significant decrease (p&lt;0.01) in serum total protein compared to the children of lesser ages. Similarly, children of 1 month 5 months and 8-55 months showed significant decrease (p&lt;0.01) in serum albumin. Significant decrease (p&lt;0.01) in serum globulin level was seen in Children of 2-3 months, 6 months and 8-55 months compared to the children of less than 2 months. The Body Mass Index (BMI) shows that 58.33% were underweight, 25.00% were normal and 16.67% were overweight. Significant increase (p&lt;0.01) in head circumference were seen in children of 8-55 months old compared to the children of below 8 months. Children of 20-25 months old and also showed significant decrease (p&lt;0.01) in Waist/Hip ratio compared with other group of children. Results indicate that, stunted growth, Protein energy malnutrition symptoms were seen in most of the children which in turn will affect their mental state.