Child Body Research Articles

Обоснование оптимальных параметров яркости экрана интерактивной панели для снижения риска общего и зрительного утомления школьников

The digital transformation of modern education contributes to the active introduction of interactive panels (IP) into the educational process, replacing traditional chalkboards. Minimizing possible risk factors when using an IP also requires considering the visual characteristics of its screen. At present, there are no results of such studies in the scientific literature. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the optimal range of IP screen brightness when it is used in the classroom to prevent general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren. We analysed research articles describing studies in visual hygiene, lighting engineering, display technologies, etc. Our study involved measuring brightness and pulsation coefficient of a working IP screen. Ranges of IP screen brightness that could produce harmful effects on children's health have been empirically established. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, complaints of students attending the 4th grade of secondary schools were studied to identify general and visual fatigue, as well as factors caused by the IP and negatively affecting the respondents’ well-being. The relative risk values are calculated, namely a probability that these complaints would occur in schoolchildren, depending on parameters of IP screen brightness. The optimal range of IP screen brightness is justified for a working mode that significantly reduces the probability of students complaining about general and visual fatigue. Monitoring and correction of IP screen brightness mode during classes will reduce the risks of students' health disorders. It is necessary to continue research to substantiate the optimal visual characteristics of the IP screen based on investigating indicators describing the functional state of the child's body.

Reanimating the Socialist Child—Queerly: The Sideways of a Chinese Animation Nezha naohai

Reanimating the Socialist Child—Queerly:The Sideways of a Chinese Animation Nezha naohai Yiman Wang (bio) IN THE BEGINNING—IS SUICIDE, with a sword, by a child, in an animation, in one of my earliest movie memories. I was shocked, captivated, obsessed. Four decades later, merely mentally picturing the scene still arrests my heart, undams my tears. This scene remains so overwhelming because it ambushed me. Growing up in socialist China, going to block-booked movies was a student's obligation. With no trailer, no spoiler, not even offered a poster, I had no interest in a film called Nezha naohai (Prince Nezha's Triumph Against Dragon King, Wang Shuchen, Xu Jingda, Yan Dingxian, 1979). Who is Nezha anyway—a difficult name, sounding odd, barely even sensible as a name. Why should I care about someone with a nonsensible name doing something nonsensical like churning up the sea (the literal meaning of the Chinese title)? Little did I know that this pivotal scene of the child's suicide and subsequent rebirth would become a portal for my appreciation of the queering power within a patently individualistic child hero animated feature. In the theater, I remained unengaged despite all the spectacular scenes of Nezha fighting and defeating the dragons and other anthropomorphized aquatic animals—until the scene of suicide. The freeze-frame extreme close-up of Nezha's large enraged eyes filling the screen drove into my heart the unbearable intensity of memories, despair, defiance, letting go, and grief, even as life is drifting away from Nezha's body. [End Page 176] Along with that shocking image, also ingrained in my sensorium are Nezha's parting words to General Li: "Daddy, I return to you your flesh and bones. You shall not be responsible for what I have done!" This is followed by Nezha crying out into the universe "Shifu!" (Master!) in a wide-angle long shot. In concert with torrential rain, cracking lightning, and rolling thunder, the child unleashes utmost despair and rebels against the blood lineage that locks everybody into relationships of indebtedness, relationships that demand conformity based on one's status as a descendant. To slash this trap, which conceptualizes one's corporeal body as the evidence of one's debt to progenitors, Nezha turns their back on their father, the audience, and the camera and slits their throat, a scene that ends in a freeze-frame. With this finite cut and cut-off, time stops, raindrops hangs still, Nezha's companion deer and human family members are all caught suspended in motion, mouth agape in shock. The rushing background orchestration crescendos, then abruptly falls silent as if in mourning—and anticipation. A child has relinquished their "flesh and bones" to the parent and summarily canceled the debt. Breaking the cosmic silence is a pluck of a Chinese pipa string instrument that cascades into agitated musical notes, as the human-born Nezha gazes at this world one last time. Those mortal eyes fill the screen (in the shot that opens this essay), their one tear congealing rage and grief, electrifying the screen. As the rushing pipa notes give way to mournful violins, Nezha's unrelenting gaze lap dissolves into the companion deer galloping midair in slow motion, followed by a shot of the child's hands groping, oneiric, for huntianling (a long red sash that sweeps the heaven topsy-turvy) and qiankunquan (a gold ring that unsettles the cosmos)—a pair of magic weapons given to them by Shifu. With one last tear rolling down their cheek, Nezha's eyes close. The child-shaped flesh and bones now lie flat, gently licked by the deer who has arrived with the weapons, too late. These magic weapons have enabled Nezha to defeat the dragons and have subsequently been confiscated by their father to forestall more troubles. This scene ends with a lap dissolve, and the child's body is gone, leaving behind a shining bead to be carried by a crane to Shifu. WHAT COULD A CHILD HAVE DONE— that requires a life for atonement, or rather, to save the father from being implicated? Per the film's narrative, Nezha has, with their powerful magic weapons, enraged the children...

Substantiation of the optimum screen brightness parameters of the interactive panel to reduce the risk of general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren

The digital transformation of modern education contributes to the active introduction of interactive panels (IP) into the educational process, replacing traditional chalkboards. Minimizing possible risk factors when using an IP also requires considering the visual characteristics of its screen. At present, there are no results of such studies in the scientific literature. The purpose of this work was to substantiate the optimal range of IP screen brightness when it is used in the classroom to prevent general and visual fatigue of schoolchildren. We analysed research articles describing studies in visual hygiene, lighting engineering, display technologies, etc. Our study involved measuring brightness and pulsation coefficient of a working IP screen. Ranges of IP screen brightness that could produce harmful effects on children's health have been empirically established. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, complaints of students attending the 4th grade of secondary schools were studied to identify general and visual fatigue, as well as factors caused by the IP and negatively affecting the respondents’ well-being. The relative risk values are calculated, namely a probability that these complaints would occur in schoolchildren, depending on parameters of IP screen brightness. The optimal range of IP screen brightness is justified for a working mode that significantly reduces the probability of students complaining about general and visual fatigue. Monitoring and correction of IP screen brightness mode during classes will reduce the risks of students' health disorders. It is necessary to continue research to substantiate the optimal visual characteristics of the IP screen based on investigating indicators describing the functional state of the child's body.

MANAGEMENT OF WALKING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OBESITY IN RT 07 RW 016 SRENGSENG SAWAH, JAGAKARSA, SOUTH JAKARTA

Introduction: Obesity is one of the health problems that must be handled properly because it can affect individuals of all ages, from children to adults. Obesity occurs in school-age children because it can interfere with the health and body image of the child. Some interventions are believed to help lose weight in school-age children who are obese. Self Hypnosis therapy is one intervention that has been proven to be able to lose weight. The application of nursing care aims to determine the effectiveness of Self Hypnosis therapy on weight loss in school-age children who are obese.
 Method: Obesity is one of the most common nutritional health problems in children and adolescents. Obesity is a serious problem and requires immediate treatment to avoid complications and adverse effects on the future of children and adolescents, both in terms of physical health and on the child's body image. In addition to diet, physical activity plays an important role in reducing the incidence of obesity. Physical activity walking is one form of obesity management that has been proven to reduce weight. This writing aims to perform the management of physical activity walking on weight loss in adolescents with obesity.
 Results: This intervention was given for 12 times to two teenagers in the Srengseng Sawah area, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta who had the criteria for obesity results with a BMI more than the 95th percentile. The results of the implementation for 4 weeks showed that there was a weight loss of 3.1kg for the first client and 2kg for the second client after the intervention of walking physical activity, so it can be concluded that the intervention of walking physical activity has an effect on weight loss in adolescents with obesity.
 Conclusion: Community nurses are expected to apply walking physical activity interventions as one of the interventions in overcoming obesity in adolescents.

Assessment of the knowledge that forms a conscious need for healthy nutrition in school children as the main element of a healthy lifestyle

Introduction. The authors present the results of a study devoted to the issue of forming the basics of healthy eating for schoolchildren in the Russian Federation, which is the main goal of ‘Demography’ National project, aimed at monitoring schoolchildren’s nutrition and health. An important part of solving this problem is raising schoolchildren’s awareness of and their commitment to the principles of healthy nutrition, as factors reducing the risk of overweight and obesity, which are predictors of alimentary-related diseases. The aim of the research is to examine awareness of and adherence to the principles of healthy eating among schoolchildren with different body mass index in the Russian Federation in order to develop an integrated approach to activities and interventions aimed at developing healthy eating habits and eating behavior according the principles of healthy eating. Materials and Methods. The work used sociological (questionnaires), analytical and statistical research methods. The study was conducted in 66 constituent entities (federal subjects) of the Russian Federation among students in educational institutions and their parents (legal representatives) and heads of educational institutions in accordance with MR 2.3.0167-20, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation A.Yu. Popova, March, 20, 2020). The study was conducted in the form of a sociological survey. The assessment of anthropometric indicators given by the respondents during the survey was carried out using the WHO methodology (2007). Statistical processing was conducted using the STATISTICA-10.0 system and Microsoft Excel using descriptive methods of statistics and t-test (in case of normal data distribution) and Fisher (U). Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results. When analyzing the data of the survey, the authors found that the majority of schoolchildren and their parents (legal representatives) participating in the study are familiar with the principles of healthy eating, while only about a quarter of them follow these principles. Peculiarities were revealed in indicators of respondents' adherence to the rules of healthy eating depending on nutritional status, indicating a greater proportion of children with overweight and obesity among those who are unfamiliar with the principles of healthy eating. There were no significant differences in age and place of residence. However, all groups demonstrated low consumption of milk and dairy as well as wholemeal bread, which are characterized by large amounts of useful macro- and micronutrients. Priority sources of information about the principles of healthy eating have been established. They include healthcare workers, the Internet and television, respectively. It was revealed that in most educational institutions sanitary and educational work is carried out, aimed at developing skills and the need for a healthy diet. The largest number of children participating in the implementation of educational programs is primary school students with a low proportion of middle and senior school students. Conclusions. The study concludes that implementation of programs aimed at increasing schoolchildren's knowledge about the rules of healthy eating plays a significant role in ensuring healthy nutrition of schoolchildren, which contributes to the formation of adequate adaptive capabilities of the child's body and reducing the risk of alimentary-related pathology. The authors emphasize that when developing and implementing the programs it is necessary to pay attention to the identified features in the awareness of and commitment to the principles of healthy eating among overweight and obese schoolchildren and to increase the participation of middle and senior schoolchildren. The development of a family-associated approach to solving the problem is considered to be promising.

Presence of Parabens in Different Children Biological Matrices and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index.

Parabens have been accepted almost worldwide as preservatives by the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Since epidemiological evidence of the obesogenic activity of parabens is weak, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between parabens exposure and childhood obesity. Four parabens (methylparaben/MetPB, ethylparaben/EthPB, propylparaben/PropPB, and butylparaben/ButPB) were measured in 160 children's bodies between 6 and 12 years of age. Parabens measurements were performed with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for elevated body weight associated with paraben exposure. No significant relation was detected between children's body weight and the presence of parabens in the samples. This study confirmed the omnipresence of parabens in children's bodies. Our results could be a basis for future research about the effect of parabens on childhood body weight using nails as a biomarker due to the ease of its collection and its non-invasive character.

Long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up of children exposed to pravastatin in utero

Preeclampsia, especially before term, increases the risk of child neurodevelopmental adverse outcomes. Biological plausibility, preclinical studies, and pilot clinical trials conducted by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Centers Network support the safety and use of pravastatin to prevent preeclampsia. This study aimed to determine the effect of antenatal pravastatin treatment in high-risk pregnant individuals on their child's health, growth, and neurodevelopment. This was an ancillary follow-up cohort study of children born to mothers who participated in the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Centers Network pilot trials of pravastatin vs placebo in individuals at high risk of preeclampsia (ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier NCT01717586). After obtaining written informed consent (and assent as appropriate), the parent was instructed to complete the Child Behavior Checklist. To assess the child's motor, cognitive, and developmental outcomes, a certified and blinded study psychologist completed child motor, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral assessments using validated tools. Given the small number of individuals in the studies, the 10- and 20-mg pravastatin groups were combined into 1 group, and the results of the pravastatin group were compared with that of the placebo group. Of 40 children born to mothers in the original trial, 30 (15 exposed in utero to pravastatin and 15 to placebo) were enrolled in this follow-up study. The time of follow-up, which was 4.7 years (interquartile range, 2.5-6.9), was not different between children in the pravastatin group and children in the placebo group. There was no difference in the child's body mass index percentiles per sex and corrected age, the rates of extremes of body mass index percentiles, or the report of any other medical or developmental complications between the 2 groups. No child born in the pravastatin group had any limitation in motor assessment compared with 2 children (13.3%) who walked with difficulty and 4 children (26.7%) who had reduced manual abilities in the placebo group. Moreover, children born to mothers who received pravastatin had a higher general mean conceptual ability score (98.2±16.7 vs 89.7±11.0; P=.13) and a lower frequency (15.4% vs 35.7%; P=.38) of having a score of <85 (ie, 1 standard deviation lower than the mean) compared with those in the placebo group. Finally, there was no difference in the parents' report on the Child Behavior Checklist between the 2 groups. This study reported on the long-term neuromotor, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes among children exposed to pravastatin in utero during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Although the data were limited by the original trial's sample size, no identifiable long-term neurodevelopmental safety signal was evident with the use of pravastatin during pregnancy. This favorable neonatal risk-benefit analysis justifies continued research using pravastatin in clinical trials.

The Role of a First Aid Training Program for Young Children: A Systematic Review.

Many first aid programs have been conducted in schools, and researchers have identified that interventions improved students' knowledge, skills, and attitude. This study examines the content, practices, and assessment of first aid interventions at primary schools and evaluates their effectiveness. A systematic review was undertaken. We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases from January 1990 to December 2021 using the search terms: ''first aid'' AND ''primary school children''. School-based first aid training targeting 6 to 10 years old studies in English were eligible for inclusion. We included 11 studies that were approached by experimental (n = 6) and by observational studies (n = 5). Researchers conducted interventions in Europe (n = 9) and America (n = 2). An essential part of the teaching was hands-on practice. Most studies included in their program cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 8) and basic life support (n = 7). The main findings showed that trained children have significantly better knowledge of and skills in first aid than those before or without training. Children under 11 years old were not strong enough to achieve the proper depth of chest compressions. Depth of chest compressions correlates with children's age, weight, height (n = 2), and body mass index (n = 3). Conclusions The effectiveness of resuscitative or non-resuscitative first-aid training for primary school children improved students' knowledge and skills. Subsequent research could investigate children's reactions in actual first aid conditions.

Clinical Characteristics and Interventions for Ingested Magnetic Foreign Bodies in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Clinical Characteristics and Interventions for Ingested Magnetic Foreign Bodies in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Examination of parent-reported differences in children's daily screen use, sleep, and sleep hygiene behaviors during the school year and summer and their association with BMI

ObjectiveThe current study examined school-summer differences in children's sleep patterns and sleep hygiene. Cross-sectional relationships with children's sleep, sleep hygiene, and weight status were explored during the school year and summer. MethodsChildren (5-8 years) and their parents (n = 197 dyads) were recruited from 4 schools in southeastern Texas and via Facebook. Parents reported children's school year and summer sleep, sleep hygiene, and screen media use. Children's body mass index (BMI) was objectively assessed at the beginning and end of the summer. Associations between children's sleep hygiene and screen media use, sleep duration, and weight status were explored. ResultsChildren's sleep midpoint was earlier during the school year (1:54 AM ± 0.03) than in the summer (2:06 AM ± 0.03; t = 4.07, p < .0001). During summer, children increased their screen media use by 38 minutes (t = 2.32, p = .023) and decreased their caffeine intake from 7.43 to 7.0 (with scores ranging from 3 to 15; t = 2.83, p = .006). Greater sleep-inhibiting (β = 0.40, p = .011) and fewer sleep-promoting (β = −0.28, p = .049) behaviors during the school year were associated with having a higher BMI. There were no associations among sleep patterns, sleep hygiene and BMI during summer. ConclusionsMore positive school year sleep hygiene behaviors were supportive of having a healthier weight status. Changes in these behaviors during the summer did not portend worse weight outcomes. Supporting families in the establishment of sleep-promoting behaviors, particularly during the school year may help address the child obesity epidemic.

CASE STUDY: WARM COMPRESSES OF LEMONGRASS IN CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES WITH HYPERTHERMIA

Febrile convulsion are seizures due to an increase in body temperature (the rectal temperature is usually more than 38oC) the cause is an extracranial process. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in research conducted by Paudel (2018), it is estimated that in the world more than 21.65 million children have fever and more than 216,000 children die. The problem that arises is hyperthermia, one way to overcome it is to use a warm compress using lemongrass boiled water to lower body temperature. To conduct a case study with an approach to care for children with febrile convulsion with hyperthermia using the application of warm compresses using boiled lemongrass water. This study uses a descriptive case study design through a nursing care approach to children with febrile convulsion in the Jasmine care room at the BLUD RSU Banjar City. Collecting data by means of interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. The results of the physical examination during the assessment showed the child's body temperature was 38.5oC. Warm compresses of boiled lemongrass were implemented for 4x24 hours with the results showing a decrease in body temperature after being given a warm compress technique using lemongrass boiled water, as indicated by the evaluation results showing a normal body temperature of 37.3oC. Implementation of warm compresses using lemongrass boiled water in pediatric patients with febrile convulsion with hyperthermia nursing problems is effective in lowering body temperature.

Characteristics And Outcomes Of Aerodigestive Foreign Bodies In Children.

Aerodigestive foreign bodies are common in children of pre-school-going age. It is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population and a global health burden. We present here data of 108 patients who presented to Children hospital's Emergency with a suspicion of foreign body ingestion/aspiration over 2 years from July 1st 2021 to 30th June 2023. Their descriptive analysis including, socio-demographics, type of foreign body, age of presentation, and mode of presentation were calculated and correlation was done using the Pearson Chi square test. We observed different types & characteristics of foreign bodies, patients were predominantly male with 62.26%. The mean age of presentation was 40.97 months. The majority of patients were of pre-school age, younger than 4 years (44.44%) followed by the infant population (19.44%) p=0.002. Foreign bodies were mainly located in the upper oesophagus for ingested FBs (60.8%). Most of the population presented within the first 5 hours (52.88%) followed by the first 12 hours (11.11%). Coin ingestion was by far the most common (54%) followed by button battery (19%) and the whistle was the most common aspirated object (33%). All patients with a suspicion of foreign body ingestion/inhalation should be evaluated. Early recognition and treatment are imperative because the complications are serious and can be life-threatening and once confirmed should undergo endoscopic removal.

Parental Stress on Children's Appearance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Behaviours in Chinese Children: A Pathway Analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the association pathways of parental stress on children's appearance, body dissatisfaction, and eating behaviours in Chinese children and adolescents. The children aged 8-15 years were selected from 2 nine-year schools using stratified cluster random sampling. The appearance-related social stress questionnaire and the body dissatisfaction subscale of EDI-1 were used to investigate parental stress on children's appearance and body dissatisfaction, respectively. The self-administered eating frequency questionnaire was used to investigate children's eating behaviours. Body dissatisfaction in girls mediated associations between BMI, parental teasing, parental injustice and ignorance, parental encouragement and healthy eating behaviour: BMI → body dissatisfaction → healthy eating behaviour, parental teasing → body dissatisfaction → healthy eating behaviour, parental injustice and ignorance → body dissatisfaction → healthy eating behaviour, parental encouragement → body dissatisfaction → healthy eating behaviour. Parental injustice and ignorance directly and negatively predicted healthy eating behaviour in girls. In boys and girls, parental teasing was a direct predictor factor of unhealthy eating behaviour. Parental teasing, parental injustice and ignorance, parental encouragement, and BMI through body dissatisfaction positively predicted healthy eating behaviour in girls, parental injustice and ignorance directly negatively predicted healthy eating behaviour in girls, and parental teasing directly positively predicted unhealthy eating behaviour in girls and boys. Therefore, parental pressure on children's appearance may pay important role in children's eating behaviours.

Hair Lead Levels as an Alternative Indicator to Measure Lead Level in Children Body

Hair Lead Levels as an Alternative Indicator to Measure Lead Level in Children Body

Cross‐cultural Adaptation, validity, and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Health Promoting Activities Scale

Purpose: The Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS) is a short scale designed to question activities that may be beneficial for the mental and physical health of the mother and to evaluate mothers in this sense. The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the Turkish version of the Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS-T) and to assess its reliability and validity. &#x0D; Methods: Eighty mothers of disabled children who received physiotherapy in a rehabilitation center were recruited in the study. HPAS-T was administered to mothers twice, one-week apart. Internal consistency of HPAS-T was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Additionally, test–retest reliability was analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the construct validity. Besides, known-group validity in terms of body mass index was conducted to reveal the discriminant capacity of the HPAS-T.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the mothers and their children was 37.46.3 years and 8.14.1 years, respectively. The internal consistency and reproducibility of the HPAS-T total score was excellent (α&gt;0.80, ICC&gt;0.80). SEM95 and MDC95 of the HPAS-T values were 0.58 and 1.61, respectively. HPAS-T, all items were loaded into a single component (0.470-0.833). According to the results of known-group validity model, the HPAS-T score of the mothers in the group whose children's body mass index was ≥18 was significantly lower (p

儿童友好型城市建设背景下意外伤害防控体系的构建策略

International researches on the relationship between children and cities, the impact of urban environment on children's body and mind, and how to build a child friendly city have reached a certain depth. At present, the construction of child friendly cities in China is still in its infancy. Among them, the urban spatial planning involving children has not been in-depth, and the disease burden caused by falls and road traffic injuries is still high. In view of the problems existing in the built environment of the city, we should carry out the construction of a child friendly city, pay attention to the safety guarantee of children's activity space, formulate targeted accidental injury prevention and control measures, and promote the inclusive sharing of children's medical and health service resources, high-quality and balanced development.

Mothers of small-bodied children and fathers of vigorous sons live longer.

Life-history traits (traits directly related to survival and reproduction) co-evolve and materialize through physiology and behavior. Accordingly, lifespan can be hypothesized as a potentially informative marker of life-history speed that subsumes the impact of diverse morphometric and behavioral traits. We examined associations between parental longevity and various anthropometric traits in a sample of 4,000-11,000 Estonian children in the middle of the 20th century. The offspring phenotype was used as a proxy measure of parental genotype, so that covariation between offspring traits and parental longevity (defined as belonging to the 90th percentile of lifespan) could be used to characterize the aggregation between longevity and anthropometric traits. We predicted that larger linear dimensions of offspring associate with increased parental longevity and that testosterone-dependent traits associate with reduced paternal longevity. Twelve of 16 offspring traits were associated with mothers' longevity, while three traits (rate of sexual maturation of daughters and grip strength and lung capacity of sons) robustly predicted fathers' longevity. Contrary to predictions, mothers of children with small bodily dimensions lived longer, and paternal longevity was not linearly associated with their children's body size (or testosterone-related traits). Our study thus failed to find evidence that high somatic investment into brain and body growth clusters with a long lifespan across generations, and/or that such associations can be detected on the basis of inter-generational phenotypic correlations.

Risk of body weight changes among Danish children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge of COVID-19 and the pandemic's effects on Danish children's body weight is limited. Objectives were to investigate (I) risk of weight changes among Danish children with and without SARS-CoV-2, (II) associations between weight changes, psychological symptoms, and long COVID symptoms, and (III) weight distribution pre- and post-pandemic. A national survey was administered to all Danish children aged 0-18 years, with prior COVID-19 (cases) and matched references including questions on weight, weight changes during the pandemic and long COVID-related symptoms. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Weight distribution was compared with a pre-pandemic database. In all, 17 627 cases and 54 656 references were included. The 4-18-year-old cases had lower odds of unintended weight gain. The 2-3-year-old cases had higher odds and the 15-18-year-old cases lower odds of weight loss compared to references. Regardless of COVID-19 status, any reported long COVID-related symptom was associated with a change in body weight. No sign of increasing obesity rates was found among Danish children post-pandemic. COVID-19 was associated with higher odds of weight loss in 2-3-year-olds and lower odds of unintended weight gain in 4-18-year-olds. Any long COVID-related symptom was associated with higher odds of weight changes regardless of COVID-19 status.

Influence of a corporal expression program on primary school children's body image

Este estudio pretendió observar el efecto de un programa de expresión corporal en la imagen corporal de alumnos de 12 años. El programa incluyó siete sesiones de 45 minutos de dramatización y baile. Se obtuvieron mediciones pre y post con 33 alumnos (n = 13 grupo control -GC-; n = 20 grupo experimental -GE-). Para conocer su imagen corporal se utilizó una escala de figuras corporales (Children’s Ten Bodies Scale). Los resultados revelaron mayor satisfacción corporal en el GE en comparación con el GC, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas tras la intervención y tampoco se encontraron diferencias por género. Sin embargo, las chicas del GE mostraron menos insatisfacción corporal en el post-test (M = -0,57) que en el pre-test (M = -2,37). Los resultados sugieren que las actividades expresivas podrían ayudar a mejorar la imagen corporal, especialmente en chicas.

An efficient EGWO algorithm as feature selection for B-ALL diagnoses and its subtypes classification using peripheral blood smear images

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most serious type of leukemia that develops because it causes an abnormal increase in the production of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow. ALL spreads rapidly in children's bodies and leads to their death. The main objective of this paper is to introduce an enhanced methodology based on the k-means clustering algorithm for classifying all subtypes of ALL. Image preprocessing is the first step of the proposed methodology. For obtaining the images' descriptive features, feature extraction is the second step that has been used. To select the most vital features that can characterize the histology of the blood cells, Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization (EGWO) algorithm has been used in the third step. Hence, EGWO will start to select the search agents based on certain criteria as the best cluster center by using the k-means clustering algorithm. Several supervised classifiers as Random Forest (RF), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes (NB) have been compared. The proposed methodology achieves a high degree of accuracy of99.22%,precision of99%,and sensitivity of99%.A comparative study has been established in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.